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Bio172 Exam3
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Questions in this quiz (41)
1What is the purpose of plastoquinone and plastocyanin in photosynthesis?
- AThey are the original source of electrons for the electron transport chain.
- BThey are the pigment molecules that transmit the energy of sunlight to electrons.
- CThey are electron carriers in the electron transport chain.
- DThey supply energy for the carbon-fixation reactions.
- EThey are combined to form one molecule of sucrose.
- AThey are the original source of electrons for the electron transport chain.
2Which statement regarding facultative anaerobes is true?
- AThey can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.
- BThey require oxygen to survive.
- CThey require the absence of oxygen to survive.
- DThey cannot metabolize glucose.
- EThey require carbon dioxide to survive.
3Which of the following terms refers to the photosynthetic reactions that produce ATP and NADPH?
- Alight-dependent reactions
- Bgreen reactions
- Coxidative reactions
- Dcarbon reactions
- ECalvin cycle
4Which class of pigments is responsible for the dark red colors in leaves?
- Acarotenoids
- Bthylakoids
- Cchlorophylls
- Dchloroplasts
- Eanthocyanins
5Where does carbon fixation takes place?
- Athylakoid
- Broots
- Cgrana
- Dstroma
6Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?
- ACarbon is reduced and NADH is oxidized.
- BCarbon is oxidized and NADP+ is reduced
- CCarbon is oxidized and NADPH is reduced.
- DWater is reduced and oxygen is oxidized.
- ECarbon is reduced and NADPH is oxidized.
7Which biochemical process do aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation all have in common?
- Aglycolysis
- Bcitric acid cycle
- Coxidative phosphorylation
- Delectron transport chain
- Enon-oxygen molecules as final electron acceptors
8Which compound is oxidized during fermentation?
- AADP
- BATP
- CCO2
- DNADH
- ENAD+
9Aside from the final product, how do lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation differ?
- AAlcohol fermentation generates more ATP than lactic acid fermentation.
- BAlcohol fermentation generates more NADH than lactic acid fermentation
- CIn alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is directly reduced to lactic acid, while lactic acid fermentation involves an intermediate.
- DIn lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is directly reduced to lactic acid, while alcohol fermentation involves an intermediate.
- ENone of the other answer choices are correct; the only difference between the two processes is the final product
10The evolution of aerobic life occurred after an increase in which of the following?
- Anitrogen
- Bwater
- Clight energy
- Doxygen
- Ecarbon dioxide
11The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) was first identified as a bone-forming factor by its ability to form bone tissue when injected into muscle. However, it has since been found to also play important roles in neural development and the formation of a large variety of tissues. Mutations in the BMP-4 gene are therefore expected to cause a wide range of abnormalities. Which term best describes this phenomenon?
- Apleiotropy
- Boverdominance
- Cincomplete dominance
- Ddominance series
- Eduplicate interaction
12What happens in overdominance?
- AThe hybrid has a more extreme phenotype than either parent.
- BBoth participating alleles show an additive effect on the phenotype.
- COne gene has multiple phenotypic effects
- DOne gene prevents the other from exerting any effect
- EEach relevant allele contributes independently to the phenotype.
13Why does crossing true-breeding red and white snapdragons result in pink offspring?
- AThe allele that codes for the red pigment trait has incomplete dominance.
- BThe alleles that code for the red and white trait are on the same chromosome.
- CParents' traits blend in their offspring.
- DThe allele that codes for the white color trait prevents expression of the gene that codes for the red color trait.
- EWhite flower color is a recessive trait.
14In humans, height is determined by a number of factors, and it exists along a continuum and not as discrete quantities. Which term best describes this phenomenon?
- Apolygenic inheritance
- Bpleiotropy
- Coverdominance
- Dincomplete dominance
- Eduplicate interaction
15A(n) ___ may be homozygous or heterozygous, whereas a(n) ___ may be described as dominant or recessive.
- Agene, trait
- Bgenotype, phenotype
- Callele, gene
- Dphenotype, genotype
- Egene, allele
16How many chromosomes are there in a human sperm?
- A23
- B46
- C92
- D69
- E13
17How are sexual and asexual reproduction alike?
- AThey both require two parents
- BMeiois is necessary in both to complete the reproductive cycle
- CThey are both only seen in plants.
- DThey can both occur in multicellular organisms.
- ENone of the answers are correct.
18Which one of the following is NOT the purpose of meiosis?
- Aproduction of eggs
- Bproduction of sperm
- Chalving the number of chromosomes
- Dmultiplication of somatic cells
- ENone of the answers are correct.
19Which of the following is NOT an example of sexual reproduction?
- APollen from a male poplar tree fertilizes sex cells on a female poplar tree.
- BTwo earthworms each produce sperm and eggs and fertilize each other.
- CA zygote forms in a fern.
- DA flatworm is cut in half and grows intro two flatworms.
- EA fertilized egg is produced by in vitro fertilization in a laboratory.
20If an animal egg were fertilized by many sperm, there would be many copies of the organism's chromosomes in the egg. What prevents this from happening?
- AEgg activation, which involves biochemical reactions, prevents more than one sperm from entering the egg.
- BVery few sperm reach the egg, so the chance is very low.
- CIt happens a lot, and eggs with many copies of the chromosomes die
- DThe first sperm to enter the egg attacks other sperm and kills them.
- ENone of the answers are correct.
21Describe how independent assortment during meiosis increases genetic variation
- AThe random arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase I creates gametes that are genetically unique from one another.
- BRecombinant chromosomes are created, resulting in chromosomes that are genetically dissimilar from the parent's chromosomes.
- CThe male and female gametes that meet are random
- DIndependent assortment increases genetic variation by ensuring that the correct number of chromosomes are distributed into each daughter cell.
- EThe male and female gametes always have different numbers of chromosomes.
22Explain how crossing over increases genetic variation
- ANon-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information, usually at two or more locations per chromosome depending on the size.
- BGenes between non-homologous chromosome pairs are exchanged
- CThe unique male and female gametes that eventually meet during sexual reproduction are random.
- DGenetic information between sister chromatids is exchanged
- EThe chromosomes arrange themselves randomly along the metaphase plate
23Describe in order the four phases that occur during meiosis II.
- Aprophase II, anaphase II, telophase II, metaphase II
- Bprophase II, anaphase II, metaphase II, telophase II
- Ctelophase II, anaphase II, metaphase II, prophase II
- Dprophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
- Eanaphase II, prophase II, metaphase II, telophase II
24Complete the following sentence: In human males, the cells that undergo meiosis are the..
- Agametes
- Bspermatocytes
- Coocytes
- Dchromosomes
- Efetal primordial germ cells
25What is the resulting number of daughter cells at the completion of meiosis II in males?
- A3
- B8
- C32
- D4
- E16
26Which of the following is/are an example of an intrinsic trigger for apoptosis?
- Adamaged DNA
- Bmitochondrial damage
- Ca ligand binding to the death receptor
- DAll answers are correct.
- Edamaged DNA and mitochondrial damage only
27Which of the following is NOT a step in apoptosis in animal cells?
- AThe cytosol leaks out of the cell.
- BThe cell membrane forms blebs.
- CThe cell detaches itself from the surrounding cells.
- DCaspases digest their target proteins.
- EThe DNA is hydrolyzed by DNAses.
28Which step(s) occur in the apoptosis of both plant and animal cells?
- AMacrophages engulf the cell and trigger an immune response.
- BThe DNA is hydrolyzed by DNAses
- CThe cytosol leaks out of the cell.
- DThe cell membrane forms blebs.
- EAll answers are correct.
29Complete the following sentence: A drug that inhibits the apoptotic response might be considered as a therapy for...
- Ahuman cancer
- Bplant pathogen resistance
- CHuntington's disease
- Dautoimmune diseases
- EAll answers are correct.
30Complete the following sentence: A drug that enhances the apoptotic response might be considered as a therapy for..
- Ahuman cancer
- BHuntington's disease
- CAlzheimer's disease
- DAll answers are correct.
- EAll answers are incorrect
31Which of the following is a step in apoptosis that can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention?
- Athe binding of signals to the death receptors of the extrinsic pathway
- Bactivation of the caspase cascade
- Cthe processing of cellular proteins by effector caspases
- DAll of the answers are correct
- EAll of the answers are incorrect.
32Which statement correctly describes stem cells?
- AAn embryonic stem cell is a cell in an organism that may divide indefinitely and has the ability to differentiate into different types of cells.
- BAn adult stem cell is a cell that has the ability to give rise to an entire organism
- CAll types of stem cells can give rise to all the different types of cells in an organism.
- DStem cells are cells that come from embryos.
- EStem cells divide only into other stem cells.
33Which of the following is a source for human stem cells?
- Ablastocysts and embryos only
- Badult bone marrow and skin cells
- Cembryos and adult somatic cells
- Dembryos only
- Eadult somatic cells only
34Which of the following is an example of a totipotent cell?
- Aa hematopoietic stem cell
- Ban inner cell mass cell
- Can embryonic stem cell
- Dan induced pluripotent stem cell
- Ea fertilized egg
35Under favorable environmental conditions, how do most prokaryotes reproduce?
- Ameiosis
- Bmitosis
- Cendospores
- Dbudding
- Ebinary fission
36What is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) particularly useful for?
- Atagging enzymes
- Bmagnifying something 1,000 times
- Cproducing a very high-magnification microscopic image of a three-dimensional surface
- Dviewing the mitotic spindle
- Eviewing condensed chromosomes
37In which phase does a normal cell make the commitment to divide or not?
- AG1
- BM
- CG2
- DS
- ENone of these answers are correct.
38Complete the following sentence: Mitosis alternates in the cell cycle with...
- Atelophase
- Binterphase
- Canaphase
- Dmetaphase
- Eprophase
39What is the role of centrosomes in mitosis?
- Aholding together the two sister chromatids
- Borganizing the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle
- Cacting as an attachment point between microtubules and chromosomes
- Dproofreading DNA
- Eproducing RNA and ribosomes
40What is the importance of growth factors?
- AWithout them, most mammalian cells will not divide.
- BEvery type of cell has its own specific growth factor that permits it to enlarge.
- CGrowth factors help cells grow during the gap phases.
- DThey release glucose for the fight-or-flight response.
- EThey hold up the cell cycle while DNA damage is fixed or until conditions improve.
41What is the basic function of the various types of kinases active in the cell cycle control system?
- Ato phosphorylate proteins
- Bto prevent oxidation
- Cto synthesize vitamin D
- Dto transcribe tumor suppressor genes
- Eto control mitotic spindle assembly
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- Quiz on Bio172 Exam3, created by m h on 29/11/2014.
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