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BVetMed3: The Diagnostic Approach to CV Disease

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Graduate Accelerated Veterinary Medicine (Cardiovascular) Quiz on BVetMed3: The Diagnostic Approach to CV Disease, created by Marina Martins on 10/04/2019.
Marina Martins
Quiz by Marina Martins, updated more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins about 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following is NOT a reason for heart failure occurring?
Answer
  • Pump failure
  • Volume Overload
  • Pressure Overload
  • Arrhythmias
  • Diastolic Heart Failure
  • Hypertrophy

Question 2

Question
Coronary vascular disease can be attributed to which main cause of heart failure?
Answer
  • Pump failure
  • Volume Overload
  • Pressure Overload
  • Arrhythmia
  • Diastolic Failure

Question 3

Question
Which of the following cardiovascular diseases primarily result in volume overload?
Answer
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmia
  • Pericardial Effusion

Question 4

Question
Mitral insufficiency can result in which main cause of heart failure?
Answer
  • Pump failure
  • Volume Overload
  • Arrhythmia
  • Diastolic Failure
  • Pressure Overload

Question 5

Question
Pulmonic and aortic stenosis can lead to which main cause of heart failure?
Answer
  • Pressure Overload
  • Arrhythmia
  • Volume Overload
  • Pump Failure
  • Diastolic Failure

Question 6

Question
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion can result in which main cause of heart failure
Answer
  • Diastolic failure
  • Arrhythmia
  • Pump Failure
  • Volume Overload
  • Pressure Overload

Question 7

Question
Which of the following diseases results in BOTH diastolic failure and pump failure?
Answer
  • Pericardial effusion
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Coronary vascular disease
  • Chronic Anaemia

Question 8

Question
Which of the following adaptive responses works to decrease the volume in circulation?
Answer
  • Angiontensin II
  • ADH
  • Natriuretic peptides
  • Aldosterone

Question 9

Question
A drop in cardiac output results in a
Answer
  • a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity
  • an increase in parasympathetic activity and a decrease in sympathetic activity
  • a decrease in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
  • an increase in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity

Question 10

Question
Which of the following is NOT a trait of norepinephrine?
Answer
  • positive chronotrope
  • positive inotrope
  • vasoconstriction
  • negative luisitrope

Question 11

Question
The release of which of the following will increase circulating fluid volume WITHOUT increasing the sodium concentration?
Answer
  • Angiontensin II
  • ADH
  • Aldosterone
  • Natriuretic peptides

Question 12

Question
Increased levels of which of the following is seen as major a "biomarker" of heart failure?
Answer
  • Prostaglandins
  • ADH
  • Natruiretic peptides
  • Intracellular calcium

Question 13

Question
Which of the following would result in concentric hypertrophy?
Answer
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  • Arrhythmia

Question 14

Question
Which of the following results in eccentric hypertrophy?
Answer
  • Pump failure
  • Volume Overload
  • Pressure Overload
  • Arrhythmia
  • Diastolic failure

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of disturbing the Starling equilibrium?
Answer
  • Venous occlusion
  • Vasculitis
  • Hyperproteinaemia
  • Lymphoedema

Question 16

Question
Forward heart failure is
Answer
  • Inadequate output at normal pressures
  • Adequate output at abnormal pressures
  • inadequate output at abnormal pressures

Question 17

Question
What is the correct order of a physical exam of the cardiovascular system?
Answer
  • observation > palpation > percussion > auscultation
  • observation > percussion > palpation > auscultation
  • observation > percussion > auscultation > palpation
  • observation > auscultation > palpation > percussion

Question 18

Question
Tissue perfusion can be estimated via
Answer
  • mucous membrane color
  • capillary refill time
  • palpating the precordium
  • respiratory rate

Question 19

Question
Which is not an artery site to check for a pulse in a horse?
Answer
  • Facial artery
  • Transverse Facial artery
  • Median Artery
  • Digital Artery
  • Coccygeal artery

Question 20

Question
Percussion is used to detect
Answer
  • the apex beat
  • pulse intensity
  • areas of dullness
  • venous congestion

Question 21

Question
The apex of the heart can be auscultated on the
Answer
  • caudal, left side
  • cranial, left side
  • caudal, right side
  • cranial, right side

Question 22

Question
This is the left hand side of a horse. Label what you would auscultate at each site.
Image:
Auscultate (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • pulmonic
  • aortic
  • mitral
  • apex beat
  • Pulmonic
  • Aortic
  • Mitral
  • Apex Beat
  • Pulmonic
  • Aortic
  • Mitral
  • Apex Beat
  • Pulmonic
  • Aortic
  • Mitral
  • Apex Beat

Question 23

Question
When would you hear a murmur due to mitral insufficiency?
Answer
  • systole
  • diastole

Question 24

Question
When would you hear a systolic murmur, if a heart beat is described as "lub-dub"?
Answer
  • Between lub and dub
  • After the dub
  • Both between the lub and dub, and after the dub

Question 25

Question
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the apex of the left side. This suggests
Answer
  • mitral insufficiency
  • tricuspid insufficiency
  • ventricular septal defect
  • aortic/pulmonic stenosis
  • mitral stenosis
  • aortic/pulmonic insufficiency

Question 26

Question
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the base of the left side. This suggests
Answer
  • Mitral Insufficiency
  • Tricuspid Insufficiency
  • Aortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency
  • Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Mitral Stenosis

Question 27

Question
What type of murmur would suggest pulmonic insufficiency?
Answer
  • A diastolic murmur at the base of the left side
  • A systolic murmur at the base of the left side
  • A systolic murmur at the cranial border
  • A diastole murmur at the apex of the left side
  • A diastolic murmur at the cranial aspect of the right side

Question 28

Question
On auscultation, you hear a heart murmur that is louder than S1 and S2 but you cannot palpate any precordial thrill. How would you grade this murmur?
Answer
  • Grade 1
  • Grade 2
  • Grade 3
  • Grade 4
  • Grade 5
  • Grade 6

Question 29

Question
At what grade would you possibly hear a heart murmur radiate in a particular direction?
Answer
  • Grade 1
  • Grade 2
  • Grade 3
  • Grade 4
  • Grade 5
  • Grade 6

Question 30

Question
What type of murmur can radiate dorsally?
Answer
  • Aortic
  • Pulmonic
  • Mitral

Question 31

Question
A gallop sound during auscultation suggests
Answer
  • poor systolic contraction of the ventricle
  • poor diastolic relaxation of the ventricle
  • a mitral murmur
  • an aortic murmur

Question 32

Question
Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
Answer
  • Furosemide
  • Spironolactone
  • Chlorothiazide
  • Amiloride

Question 33

Question
Which of the following could NOT be used to correct increased preload?
Answer
  • Furosemide
  • ACE Inhibitor
  • Pimobendan
  • Digoxin

Question 34

Question
Which of the following is NOT a risk of diuresis?
Answer
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypertension
  • RAAS Stimulation
  • Electrolyte disturbance

Question 35

Question
Which of the following is NOT a balanced vasodilator?
Answer
  • Glyceryl trinitrate
  • ACE inhibitor
  • Pimobendan
  • Nitroprusside

Question 36

Question
Which of the following would reduce the regurgitation associated with mitral insufficiency?
Answer
  • glyceryl trinitrate
  • furosemide
  • spironolactone
  • pimobendan

Question 37

Question
Which of the following would indicate the use of digoxin?
Answer
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Mitral insufficiency
  • Aortic stenosis

Question 38

Question
What would an aortic "flow" murmur sound on auscultation?
Answer
  • crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
  • decrescendo after S2
  • plateau between S1 and S2
  • plateau between S2 and S3

Question 39

Question
Which is FALSE regarding aortic flow murmurs?
Answer
  • relatively rare
  • usually below grade 3
  • only has local radiation
  • often seen in fit horses

Question 40

Question
What would a functional mitral valve regurgitation sound like?
Answer
  • crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
  • plateau between S1 and S2
  • decrescendo after S2
  • crescendo after S2

Question 41

Question
What is the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of pathological mitral regurgitation?
Answer
  • left 3rd intercostal space
  • left 4th intercostal space
  • left 5th intercostal space
  • left 6th intercostal space

Question 42

Question
What type of pathological regurgitation is plateau-shaped, radiates craniodorsally and has a PMI at the right 4th intercostal space?
Answer
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Tricuspid regurgitation
  • Pulmonary regurgitation

Question 43

Question
What shape does an pathological aortic regurgitation murmur have?
Answer
  • crescendo-decrescendo between S1-S2
  • plateau between S1-S2
  • decrescendo between S1-S2
  • decrescendo after S2

Question 44

Question
A bounding or "hyperkinetic" arterial pulse is a sign of significant heart disease in
Answer
  • mitral regurgitation
  • tricuspid regurgitation
  • aortic regurgitation

Question 45

Question
What is the most common form of valve pathology?
Answer
  • Endocardiosis
  • Valve prolapse
  • Ruptured chordae tendineae
  • Bacterial endocarditis

Question 46

Question
Ruptured chordae tendinae is more common with the
Answer
  • aortic valve
  • mitral valve
  • pulmonary valve
  • tricuspid valve

Question 47

Question
Which of the following often can cause sudden death or acute cardiac failure?
Answer
  • valve prolapse
  • ruptured chordae tendineae
  • changes in ventricular size
  • hypovoaemia

Question 48

Question
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect in large animals?
Answer
  • ventricular septal defect
  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • valve dysplasia

Question 49

Question
Ventricular septal defects are in the [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] part of the septum.
Answer
  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • cranial
  • caudal

Question 50

Question
The intensity of a murmur associated with a ventricular septal defect is [blank_start]inversely[blank_end] proportional to the size of the defect.
Answer
  • inversely
  • directly

Question 51

Question
With ventricular septal defects, a [blank_start]RHS[blank_end] murmur is associated with a [blank_start]LV to RV[blank_end] shunt.
Answer
  • RHS
  • LHS
  • LV to RV
  • RV to LV

Question 52

Question
With ventricular septal defects, a LHS murmur is associated with a
Answer
  • functional pulmonic stenosis
  • functional aortic stenosis
  • degenerative pulmonic stenosis
  • degenerative aortic stenosis

Question 53

Question
For VSD murmurs, a left hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]crescendo-decrescendo[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Answer
  • crescendo-decrescendo
  • plateau
  • decrescendo
  • crescendo
  • 3-6
  • less than 3

Question 54

Question
For VSD murmurs, a right hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]plateau[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Answer
  • plateau
  • crescendo-decrescendo
  • crescendo
  • decrescendo
  • 3-6
  • less than 3

Question 55

Question
Lymphosarcoma in cattle can result from
Answer
  • Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV)
  • BVDV
  • Leptospira spp.
  • Bovine Herpes Virus 1

Question 56

Question
Which is FALSE regarding pericardial effusions in horses?
Answer
  • They tend to be idiopathic
  • In cases of pericarditis, they tend to develop fibrinous effusions
  • EVA can develop into pericarditis
  • Prognosis tends to be poor even with treatment

Question 57

Question
Bacterial endocarditis mainly affects which area of the heart in ruminants?
Answer
  • Tricuspid
  • Pulmonic
  • Mitral
  • Aortic
  • Tricuspid and Pulmonic
  • Mitral and Aortic

Question 58

Question
Bacterial endocarditis usually affects which area of the heart in horses?
Answer
  • Tricuspid and pulmonic
  • Tricuspid
  • Pulmonic
  • Mitral
  • Aortic
  • Mitral and Aortic

Question 59

Question
Which of the following develops secondary to pulmonary hypertension?
Answer
  • cor pulmonale
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • ruptured chordae tendineae
  • mitral valve disease

Question 60

Question
Which of the following is NOT a sign of right-sided heart failure?
Answer
  • subcutaneous oedema
  • jugular venous distension
  • dyspnoea
  • tachypnoea
  • pulmonary oedema
  • tachycardia

Question 61

Question
Which of the following diseases is associated with catheters in horses?
Answer
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Cor pulmonale
  • Bacterial endocarditis
  • Lymphosarcoma

Question 62

Question
Where does exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage originate?
Answer
  • caudodorsal lung lobes
  • craniodorsal lung lobes
  • caudoventral lung lobes
  • cranioventral lung lobes
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