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SOC 224 Ch. 9
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Questions in this quiz (46)
1Which of the following is an example of a belief system?
- AChristianity
- Bthe doctrine of the federal New Democratic Party
- Castronomy
- DIslam
- Ereligions (e.g., Christianity, Islam), the doctrine of political parties (e.g., New Democratic Party), and branches of science (e.g, astronomy) all constitute belief systems
2Which of the following statements about religious belief systems is true?
- Areligious belief systems proclaim "truth", just as scientific belief systems proclaim "truth"
- Bsociological analyses of religious belief systems try to disprove particular beliefs rather than prove particular beliefs
- CKarl Marx claimed that the only way to find "truth" was through religion
- Dbeliefs are things that someone thinks are "true" (whether they are actually true or not), but belief systems are sets of interrelated beliefs that have been proven to be "true"
- Ereligious belief systems no longer have any significant influence in modern state systems
3In popular discourse, which of the following religious groups is typically socially typed as "deviant"?
- Aecclesia
- Bchurches
- Csects
- Dcults
- Esects and cults are socially typed as deviant
4Which of the following religious groups is the least likely to be socially typed as "deviant" within the society in which they exist?
- Aecclesia
- Bchurches
- Csects
- Dcults
- Edenomination
5Which of the following is an example of ecclesia?
- Athe Christian Church in Canada
- B"The Family of Love" (formerly known as the "Children of God"), as found in many nations around the world
- Cthe Anglican Church in England
- DCatholicism in Boston, Massachusetts
- ESikhism in India
6The level of tension with the larger society that is experienced by a particular sect is determined by
- Athe level of antagonism that the sect feels for society.
- Bthe size of the sect.
- Cthe level of organization that exists within the sect.
- Dwhether the sect has broken away from a Christian or non-Christian church..
- Ethe number of societies within which the sect maintains a presence.
7Why, in part, does a greater degree of tension exist with the larger society for the Jehovah's Witnesses than for the Seventh-Day Adventists?
- AThe Jehovah's Witnesses have merged with the larger society to a greater extent as a result of the hospitals, colleges, schools, and businesses they have built.
- BThe Jehovah's Witnesses have held onto their original apocalyptic vision more stringently.
- CThe boundaries surrounding the Jehovah's Witnesses have become more permeable than those surrounding the Seventh-Day Adventists
- DThe behavioral requirements for members of the Jehovah's Witnesses have become less rigid over time.
- EThe Jehovah's Witnesses have changed more over time than the Seventh-Day Adventists.
8According to Wright (1997), why is media coverage of cults distorted and selective?
- Adue to a lack of accurate information about cults and the groups in question
- Bdue to a lack of in-depth information about cults and the groups in questions
- Cdue to the use of biased sources of information (e.g. ex-members of cults)
- Ddue to limited time or financial resources
- Emedia coverage of cults is distorted and selective as a result of all of the reasons listed above
9Which of the following is a characteristic of The Family of Love?
- A"flirty fishing"
- Bantagonism toward patriotic symbols, such as flags
- Ccelibacy
- Da required period of service in the nation's military
- Ecomplete segregation from the outside world
10In the social control of cults, those groups that emphasize their concern that cults utilize the "wrong" interpretation of the Bible are called
- Acult awareness groups.
- Banti-cult groups.
- Ccounter-cult groups.
- Dcult control groups.
- Ecult awareness groups and anti-cult groups.
11The groups that use the word "cult" to refer to very specific religious groups that have "destructive" characteristics are
- Acult awareness groups.
- Banti-cult groups.
- Ccounter-cult groups.
- Dcult control groups.
- Ecult awareness groups and anti-cult groups
12The social typing of "deviant" religious groups is resisted through
- Athe recruitment of new members.
- Bhiring public relations firms to represent themselves in the media.
- Cquestioning the traditional distinction between ecclesia, churches, sects, and cults.
- Ddefending themselves in court cases.
- Ea variety of activities, including all of those listed above.
13Which religious group has been perceived as evil, dangerous and a threat to the social order?
- AChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
- BCatholics
- CBranch Davidians
- DProtestants
- Eevery religious group in the world has been perceived this way in some societies and at some points in time
14Which of the following statements about the labelling of religious groups is true?
- Athe anti-cult movement uses the word "cult" on the basis of the theology of certain religious groups
- Bthe counter-cult movement prefaces the word "cult" with the term "destructive", focusing their attention on those religious groups that are believed to engage in mind control
- Cin an international context, the word "cult" may be applied to any religious group that a particular government disapproves of
- Din contemporary society, the media emphasizes "new religious movements" rather than "cults"
- Elegislation now prevents the media from portraying any religious group in a negative way
15Which of the following statements about the witch persecutions is true?
- Athe Christian church was directly responsible for the arrest and trial of witches throughout Europe
- Bone of the arenas for witch hunts was regions where there were peasant rebellions
- Cwomen who were financially independent had enough power within their communities to avoid accusations of witchcraft
- Din every region of Europe, women were more likely than men to be persecuted
- Eall of the statements listed above accurately describe the witch persecutions
16Who faced accusations of witchcraft?
- Afollowers of pre-Christian religions
- Bmidwives
- Cwomen who outlived their husbands
- Dchildren
- Eduring the peak of the European witchcraze, just about anyone (including all of those listed above) could be accused of witchcraft
17In 1600, a local midwife is arrested for witchcraft, put on trial, and burned at the stake. In which of the following regions is she most likely to have lived?
- Aa region where Catholicism had weakened, and trials were conducted by local authorities
- Ba region where Catholicism had weakened, and trials were conducted by national authorities
- Ca region where Catholicism maintained its power, and trials were conducted by local authorities
- Da region where Catholicism maintained its power, and trials were conducted by national authorities
- Ebecause of the pervasiveness of witch persecutions throughout Europe, she was equally likely to have lived in any of the above regions
18The Canadian residential schooling policy
- Aprovided Aboriginal children with similar levels and types of education as non-Aboriginal children received in Canada's public schools at the time.
- Bplaced an emphasis on teaching Aboriginal children to integrate their traditional cultures with Canadian culture.
- Callowed frequent visits between children and their parents, in an attempt to garner greater support for residential schooling in Aboriginal communities.
- Drequired the consent of parents before children could be removed from their communities
- Ecombined formal education (e.g. arithmetic) with religious education (i.e. Christiaity) and cultural education (i.e. how to act "White").
19Which of the following statements about the child-savers is true?
- AProtestant theology served as the foundation for their efforts
- Bthe efforts of the child-savers were directed primarily at the upper socioeconomic classes
- Cpopular discourse at the time defined upper class parents as inherently immoral
- Dpopular discourse at the time included the assumption that the inherent morality of the working classes meant that working class norms and values should be adopted by everyone in society
- Ethey struggled to prevent child abuse and neglect from being criminalized
20"Science" consists of
- Abelief systems.
- Btechnologies.
- Cclaims about the nature of reality.
- Dethical/moral claims.
- Ebelief systems, technologies, claims about the nature of reality, and ethical/moral claims.
21According to bad apple theory, deviance in science exists because
- Athe structure within which scientists work encourages deviance.
- Btechniques of neutralization enable deviant scientists to justify their behavior.
- Cof low levels of self-control.
- Dof a gap between accepted goals and legitimate means of achieving those goals.
- Eof similar reasons that people commit crimes—personality factors, psychological disturbance, and free choice.
22Deviance in science
- Atypically results in severe sanctions.
- Boccurs, in part, because of the pressure to publish, according to the iceberg theory.
- Cis likely to be detected, because of the nature of the peer review process.
- Dhas declined since 1980, according to recent research
- Eis extremely rare, due to the normative structure of science.
23In a survey of more than 2,000 researchers, what proportion of incidents of scientific misconduct of which they were personally aware, had been reported to someone?
- Aapproximately 90%
- Bapproximately 66%
- Capproximately 50%
- Dapproximately 33%
- Eapproximately 10%
24Which of the following has been applied in explanations of scientific misconduct?
- Atechniques of neutralization
- Bdenial of injury
- Cstrain theory
- Dgeneral theory of crime
- Ea variety of positivist theories, including those referred to above, have been applied to explanations of scientific misconduct
25Dr. Suk claimed he had no idea that the data he was using for his work was raudulent data. This is an example of
- Adenial of injury
- Bstrain theory
- Cgeneral theory of crime
- Ddenial of responsibility
- Einnovation
26In a survey of 3,200 medical researchers, approximately what proportion admitted to engaging in at least 1 of 10 "serious" forms of scientific misconduct?
- Aless than 1%
- B10%
- C30%
- D50%
- E80%
27The phenomenon by which clinical drug research is done by commercial centres hired by pharmaceutical companies is known as
- Athe normative structure of science
- Bjunk science
- Ccooking
- Dpost-academic science
- Epseudo-science
28According to Montgomery and Oliver's (2009) analysis of the changing institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct, what was the governing logic prior to 1975?
- Acoercive measures to punish
- Bcoercive measures to prevent
- Cpromoting research integrity
- Deducational seminars for university researchers
- Escience as self-regulating
29Which of the following accurately describes the chronological order of the changing institutional logics governing the regulation of scientific misconduct, from oldest to most recent?
- Apromoting research integrity; coercive measures; science as self-regulating
- Bcoercive measures; promoting research integrity; science as self-regulating
- Cscience as self-regulating; promoting research integrity; coercive measures
- Dscience as self-regulating; coercive measures; promoting research integrity
- Ecoercive measures; science as self-regulating; promoting research integrity
30When a science's belief system and/or technologies are significantly called into question as a whole, __________ exists.
- Aa deviant science
- Bdeviance in science
- Ctrimming
- Dcooking
- Eforging
31In contemporary Canadian society, __________ is the primary creator of society's dominant moral code, by which "deviance" and "normality" are judged
- Areligion
- Bindividual belief
- Cscience
- Dpublic opinion
- Egovernment
32According to Foucault (1980), a relationship exists between knowledge claims, power, and
- Athe resulting influence that those knowledge claims have on society
- Bthe resistance of people to the exertion of that power.
- Cdeviance in science
- Ddeviant science
- Efraudulent science
33The theory underlying the science of eugenics was known as
- Aiceberg theory
- Bpower-reflexive theory
- Csocial Darwinism
- Dcolonization theory
- Ebio-social theory
34Social Darwinism rationalized European colonization of countries throughout much of the world on the basis of the
- Aassumption that the more "evolved" European societies could help more "primitive" societies reach the next stage of social evolution more rapidly
- Bassumption that the role of inferior races in the world was to serve superior races.
- Cassumption that European cultures could learn a great deal from other cultures.
- Dassumption that the next stage of social evolution required the cooperation of and integration among the world's peoples.
- Eassumption that the "powerful" have the inherent right to control the "powerless".
35What was the central goal of the eugenics movement?
- Ato distance scientific pursuits from religious ideologies
- Bto increase reproduction among society's "superior" persons and decrease reproduction among society's "inferior" persons
- Cto provide social assistance to society's indigent
- Dto reduce birth rates in society as a whole
- Eto increase birth rates in society as a whole
36Social Darwinism and the science of eugenics contributed to
- Ainvoluntary sterilization programs
- Blaws prohibiting interracial marriage
- Cthe content of immigration policies
- Dthe Holocaust
- Ea wide range of significant historical events, including all of those listed above.
37Which of the following is an illustration of science acting as a social typer of deviance?
- Adoctors providing liposuction to people who want to improve their physical appearance
- Bthe temperance movement
- Cefforts to "toughen" young offender legislation
- Dthe use of the notion of "consent" in date rape trials
- Edoctors providing liposuction to people who want to improve their physical appearance, and the use of the notion of "consent" in date rape trials
38Within which countries were eugenic ideals pursued by governments?
- ANazi Germany
- BBritain
- CCanada
- Dthe United States
- EAll of the above
39A large religion that is well established and has formalized rituals is known as:
- AAn ecclesia
- BA church
- CA sect
- DA cult
- EA denomination
40The anti-cult movement and the media portrayal of violent and extreme religious groups arguably created ________ at various points in time.
- Asocial hysteria
- Breligious othering
- Ca moral panic
- Da counter cult movement
- Eanarchy
41A scientist who adds in a few missing variables in a manner that supports and improves their results and then justifies the action by denying that this small change would hurt anyone is engaging in which of Sykes and Matza's techniques of neutralization?
- ADenial of injury
- BDenial of the victim
- CDenial of responsibility
- DCondemn the condemners
- EAppeal to higher loyalties
42George recently began a new sales job where taking clients out and partying was considered part of the role. He regularly found parties with excessive drinking and other deviant activities and brought his clients there to socialize and get into their favour. He was starting to find himself losing control and partying to the extreme and his family is becoming concerned. This occupational deviance is best understood using:
- ATechniques of Neutralization
- BSocial Bond's theory
- CSelf-control theory
- DLabelling theory
- ESocial learning theory
43If research is released and it is determined that there is a clear androcentric bias to the information, this would be a violation of which of Merton's norms of science?
- ACommunism
- BSkepticism
- CDisinterestedness
- DProfessionalism
- EUniversalism
44In an analysis of the disproportionate spreading of the witch hunts across Europe, Ben-Yehuda concluded that witch persecutions happened more often:
- AIn countries who had experienced more war
- BIn countries that had 'healers' and more natural spiritual practices
- CIn countries that had weaker Catholic power
- DIn countries who were more secular
- EIn countires that were more diverse
45Which of the following is NOT true when studying the prevalence of scientific misconduct in university research?
- A2 percent of scientists admitted to having falsified or fabricated data
- B35% of academics admit to knowing that someone else has falsified data
- C1/3 admit to doing something that would be considered misconduct, outside of falsification of information
- D¾ of scientists changed the design of their study to appease the funding group
- EArticles are retracted from journals when it is determined that misconduct has happened.
46Some sociologists study science as a social typer of deviance. Which of the following is an example of this approach to deviance research?
- AExamining ways to control scientific misconduct
- BAnalyzing the corporization of science
- CReflecting on definitions of "Pseudo-science"
- DRecognizing the impact of the Sexual Sterilization Act in Canada
- EStudying patterns of plagiarism and cheating in a university deviance class
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- Quiz on SOC 224 Ch. 9, created by Ashley Azer on 14/04/2019.
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- Ashley Azer
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