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Sudden Death CLASP

Description

A quiz based on everything I think might be relevant from the CLASP lectures which were uploaded to Medblogs and the pre-lecture formative.
Matthew Coulson
Quiz by Matthew Coulson, updated more than 1 year ago
Matthew Coulson
Created by Matthew Coulson about 5 years ago
6
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
[blank_start]After[blank_end] depolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, 3 or 4 of the cardiac AP in the cardiac conduction system of the heart
Answer
  • After

Question 2

Question
[blank_start]Early[blank_end] Afterdepolarisations can result in Torsades de Pointes
Answer
  • Early
  • Delayed

Question 3

Question
Early Afterdepolarisations are potentiated by drugs which prolong the [blank_start]QT[blank_end] interval
Answer
  • QT
  • PR
  • PT
  • QRS

Question 4

Question
Early Afterdepolarisations can be potentiated by which of the following?
Answer
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypernatraemia

Question 5

Question
Torsades de pointes is commonly caused by low [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] levels and/or low [blank_start]magnesium[blank_end] levels
Answer
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • magnesium
  • iron
  • zinc
  • copper

Question 6

Question
Torsades de Pointes is a [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end] which can be fatal.
Answer
  • ventricular
  • supraventricular
  • tachycardia
  • bradycardia

Question 7

Question
Early Afterdepolarisations occur during the [blank_start]repolarisation[blank_end] phase of the cardiac action potential
Answer
  • repolarisation
  • depolarisation

Question 8

Question
Delayed Afterdepolarisations occur during [blank_start]phase 4[blank_end] of the cardiac action potential - after repolarisation but before another action potential occurs.
Answer
  • phase 4
  • phase 0
  • phase 1
  • phase 2
  • phase 3

Question 9

Question
Delayed Afterdepolarisations typically occur due to raised Cytosolic [blank_start]Calcium[blank_end] levels Delayed Afterdepolarisations are classically seen in [blank_start]Digoxin[blank_end] Toxicity
Answer
  • Digoxin
  • Warfarin
  • Lithium
  • Paracetamol
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Magnesium

Question 10

Question
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia is classically seen in [blank_start]delayed afterdepolarisations[blank_end]
Answer
  • delayed afterdepolarisations
  • early afterdepolarisations

Question 11

Question
Congenital Long QT Syndrome is associated with [blank_start]Torsades de Pointes[blank_end]
Answer
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • Brugada Syndrome

Question 12

Question
Congenital Long QT Syndrome which presents with deafness is likely autosomal [blank_start]recessive[blank_end] in nature
Answer
  • recessive
  • dominant

Question 13

Question
Congenital Short QT Syndrome occurs due to a mutation in the cardiac [blank_start]Potassium[blank_end] Channels
Answer
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Chloride

Question 14

Question
ST Elevation and Right Bundle Branch Block is indicative of Brugada Syndrome if it occurs in which of the following leads?
Answer
  • V1
  • V2
  • V3
  • V4
  • V5
  • V6

Question 15

Question
Brugada syndrome is inherited in an autosomal [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] pattern
Answer
  • dominant
  • recessive

Question 16

Question
Which 2 of the following are known to trigger Ventricular Fibrillation in patients with Brugada Syndrome? This can cause sudden cardiac death.
Answer
  • Sleep
  • Fever
  • Exercise
  • Stress

Question 17

Question
Antiarrhythmic medications (e.g. Amiodarone) and Analgesics (e.g. Paracetamol) should be avoided in Brugada Syndrome patients, for fear of causing Ventricular Fibrillation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) is a condition whereby Ventricular Fibrillation can be caused in response to adrenaline and/or noradrenaline. Which 2 of the following are the most common exacerbants of this condition?
Answer
  • Emotional Stress
  • Exercise
  • Sleep
  • Alcohol
  • Large Meals
  • Fever

Question 19

Question
Which of the following medications have been found to be beneficial in CPVT patients?
Answer
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Iron Chelators
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Aldosterone Antagonists (e.g. Spironolactone)

Question 20

Question
Flecainide should be considered for treatment of which of the following conditions?
Answer
  • Brugada Syndrome
  • CPVT
  • Congenital Long QT Syndrome
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

Question 21

Question
Delta wave on an ECG is indicative of which of the following conditions?
Answer
  • Congenital Long QT Syndrome
  • Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome
  • Brugada Syndrome
  • Torsades de Pointes
  • CVPT

Question 22

Question
What is the most common genetic cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Answer
  • Sarcomeric Protein Gene Mutation
  • AMP-Kinase Mutation
  • FHL1 Mutation
  • Familial ATTR
  • Carnitine Mutation

Question 23

Question
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators are first line treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an autosomal dominant condition whereby mutations in the genes encoding cardiac [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end] cause fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes in the right ventricular, thus leading to arrhythmias.
Answer
  • desmosomes

Question 25

Question
Generally, which of the following types of medication has been proven to reduce the rate of Sudden Cardiac Death?
Answer
  • Beta Blockers
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Beta-2 Adrenoceptor Antagonists
  • Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Question 26

Question
The likelihood of having a disease if you have a gene mutation is called the [blank_start]Penetrance[blank_end] of a disease
Answer
  • Penetrance

Question 27

Question
Marfan Syndrome occurs due to a mutation to the [blank_start]Fibrillin[blank_end] gene
Answer
  • Fibrillin

Question 28

Question
The safest position for a baby to sleep in is on their side.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
You are receiving patients in casualty. A 38 yo healthy man became acutely unwell, becoming very pale and than grey and unresponsive. An ambulance was called, but in the interim, he spontaneously recovered. He has no past medical history. On arrival in hospital, his ECG was as follows: What is the most likely diagnosis? [blank_start]Brugada Syndrome[blank_end]
Image:
Picture107 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Brugada Syndrome

Question 30

Question
What is the only type of shock which causes a bradycardia (as opposed to tachycardia)?
Answer
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Septic Shock

Question 31

Question
Which of the following should be given to treat neurogenic shock?
Answer
  • Vasopressors (e.g. Adrenaline)
  • Fluid and Blood Replacement
  • Inotropes (e.g. Dobutamine)

Question 32

Question
Inadequate organ perfusion caused by the failure of the heart to act as a pump is known as [blank_start]cardiogenic[blank_end] shock
Answer
  • cardiogenic

Question 33

Question
Anaphylactic shock is treated via IV [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end]
Answer
  • adrenaline

Question 34

Question
Anaphylactic shock is treated with 500micrograms of adrenaline at a dilution of
Answer
  • 1 in 10000
  • 1 in 1000
  • 1 in 100
  • 1 in 10

Question 35

Question
A patient is hypertensive once their BP drops below [blank_start]90/60[blank_end]
Answer
  • 90/60
  • 90/70
  • 100/60
  • 100/70

Question 36

Question
In neurogenic shock, the [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] supply to the heart has been cut off which is which neurogenic shock results in [blank_start]bradycardia[blank_end] (when the other types of shock result in [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end])
Answer
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • tachycardia
  • bradycardia
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic

Question 37

Question
MI, Heart Failure, PE and Cardiac Tamponade are all causes of which type of shock?
Answer
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Septic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock

Question 38

Question
Which of the following is most commonly known to cause cardiac arrest?
Answer
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hypernatraemia
  • Hyponatraemia

Question 39

Question
Which two of the following are typically used to treat cardiogenic shock?
Answer
  • Inotropes (E.g. Dobutamine)
  • Vasopressors (E.g. Adrenaline)
  • Chronotropes (E.g. Atropine)
  • Beta Blockers (E.g. Propranolol)
  • ACE Inhibitors (E.g. Ramipril)

Question 40

Question
Which of the following are types of distributive shock? I.e. the blood volume is normal, it is just unevenly distributed
Answer
  • Cardiogenic Shock
  • Anaphylactic Shock
  • Hypovolaemic Shock
  • Neurogenic Shock
  • Septic Shock

Question 41

Question
At what depth should chest compressions be conducted?
Answer
  • 3-4cm
  • 5-6cm
  • 7-8cm

Question 42

Question
In a case of an adult with heart failure, rescue breaths should be conducted before chest compressions are started.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Which of the following are shockable?
Answer
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Pulseless Electrical Activity
  • Asystole

Question 44

Question
Which of the following are non-shockable rhythms?
Answer
  • Pulseless Electrical Activity
  • Asystole
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 45

Question
IV Adrenaline (+IV Amiodarone if arrhythmia) should be given after [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds of CPR and every [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds thereafter
Answer
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10

Question 46

Question
[blank_start]Clinical death[blank_end] is reversible [blank_start]Biologic death[blank_end] is irreversible
Answer
  • Clinical death
  • Biologic death

Question 47

Question
In absence of CPR, clinical death lasts around 3-6 minutes before biologic death occurs.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
Where are ECG electrodes placed? Right Arm = [blank_start]Red[blank_end] Left Arm = [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end] Left Leg = [blank_start]Green[blank_end] Right Leg = [blank_start]Blue[blank_end]
Answer
  • Blue
  • Green
  • Yellow
  • Red
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