AQA (9-1) Chemistry Only Paper 2

Alkenes have the general formula of CnH2n+2

Because alkenes contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms, we describe them as [blank_start]unsaturated[blank_end] compounds.

The test for [blank_start]alkenes[blank_end] makes use of the addition reaction, and involves adding [blank_start]bromine[blank_end] water to a sample of hydrocarbon. If an [blank_start]alkane[blank_end] is present the solution stays orange-brown, but an [blank_start]alkene[blank_end] will turn the solution colourless. This is because the bromine is added across the carbon-carbon [blank_start]double[blank_end] bond.

Alcohols have the functional group of [blank_start]-OH[blank_end] ([blank_start]hydroxyl[blank_end]), and gives rise to the ending of alcoh[blank_start]ol[blank_end]. It is responsible for the general reactions that all alcohols can do. Carboxylic acids have the functional group of [blank_start]-COOH[blank_end] ([blank_start]carboxyl[blank_end]), and gives rise to the ending of carbox[blank_start]ylic acid[blank_end]. It is responsible for the general reactions that all carboxylic acids can do.

Which of the following is not a reaction alcohols can do?

What is the name of the polymer formed from monomers of propene? [blank_start]poly(propene)[blank_end]

Proteins are an example of [blank_start]polymers[blank_end]. There are [blank_start]21[blank_end] different amino acids that can be arranged to make proteins we need to survive. Many proteins are [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end], and/or are essential to our biological functions. Amino acids have two different functional groups in a molecule. Amino acids react by [blank_start]condensation[blank_end] polymerisation to produce [blank_start]polypeptides[blank_end].

Match the colours to the metal ions

Dilute sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) is used to test for some metal ions and can also be used to identify ammonium ions. Write the colour of the precipitate formed next to each ion. aluminium [blank_start]white[blank_end] calcium [blank_start]white[blank_end] copper [blank_start]blue[blank_end] iron(II) [blank_start]green[blank_end] iron(III) [blank_start]brown[blank_end]

Match the chemical test to to the ions

New technology, developed over the last few decades, have considerably advanced analytical chemistry. These new instrumental methods have three main advantages, they are:

Rusting is a specific example of [blank_start]corrosion[blank_end], and requires both air and water for [blank_start]iron[blank_end] to rust. There are three ways to prevent iron from rusting: exclusion of [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] (by either using an atmosphere of nitrogen or argon) exclusion of [blank_start]water[blank_end] (by storing with a desiccant) sacrificial [blank_start]protection[blank_end] (when a more reactive metal than iron is attached to the object to prevent iron from rusting)

Pure metals are generally too soft to use as they have a regular lattice structure.

Thermosoftening plastics melt when heated, meaning that they can be recycled, as this involves melting them before making a new product.

The conditions for the Haber Process are:

Phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to produce soluble salts that can be used as fertilisers. Reacting phosphate rock with: nitric acid to make [blank_start]phosphoric[blank_end] acid and calcium [blank_start]nitrate[blank_end] sulfuric acid to make [blank_start]single[blank_end] superphosphate (this is a mixture of calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate) phosphoric acid to make [blank_start]triple[blank_end] superphosphate (calcium phosphate)