Statistics COMP Review

1. 1How would a psychologist test the hypothesis that a new stress-reduction program really works?

   1. ATry to reject the hypothesis that it does work
   2. BTry to accept the hypothesis that it does work
   3. CTry to reject the hypothesis that it does not work
   4. DTry to accept the hypothesis that it does not work
2. 2Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true is

   1. Aeffect size
   2. Bpower
   3. Ctype 1 error
   4. Dtype 2 error
3. 3Setting the significance level cutoff at .10 instead of .05 increases the likelihood of:

   1. AType 1 error
   2. BType 2 error
   3. Cfailing to reject the null hypothesis
   4. Daccepting the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is false
4. 4The alpha level is

   1. Ausually determined while analyzing experimental data
   2. Bthe chance of obtaining an inconclusive result when the research hypothesis is true
   3. Cthe probability of type 1 error
   4. Dalways set at 1%
5. 5the degree to which the experimental manipulation separates the two populations of individual scores is

   1. Aexperimental effectiveness
   2. Bpower
   3. Cthe effect size
   4. Dthe significance level
6. 6a psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = -0.63. this effect size would most likely be described as"

   1. Asmall
   2. Bmedium
   3. Clarge
   4. Dan error because an effect size cannot be negative
7. 7if a study conducted at the .05 significance level has 80% power

   1. Aalpha = 5% and beta = 80%
   2. Balpha = 5% and beta = 20%
   3. Calpha = 95% and beta = 80%
   4. Dalpha = 95% and beta = 20%
8. 8an analysis of variance differs from a t test for independent means in that an analysis of variance

   1. Ais usually used to compare two groups, while a t test for independent means can be used to compare two or more groups
   2. Bcan be used to compare three or more groups while a t test for independent means cannot be used to compare more than two groups
   3. Cis conducted before the experiment while a t test for independent means is conducted after the experiment
   4. Dincludes computation of group variances as part of the analysis, while a t test does not include these computations
9. 9ANOVA should be conducted only when

   1. Asample sizes are greater than 30 per group
   2. Bsample sizes are smaller than 30 per group
   3. Cpopulation variance can be assumed to be equal
   4. Dpopulation sizes are approximately equal
10. 10in an ANOVA, if the null hypothesis is true, then

    1. Athe research hypothesis can also be true
    2. Bfewer participants can be included in the experiment
    3. Cthere is less variance among the means of samples than if the null hypothesis were not true
    4. Dthe within-groups estimate of the population variance is smaller than the between-groups estimate

11. 11in an ANOVA, if the within-group variance estimate is about the same as the between-group variance estimate, then

    1. Athe null hypothesis should be rejected
    2. Bany difference between sample means is probably due to random sampling error
    3. Can error has been made in computing the between-groups and the within-groups variance estimates
    4. Da difference between sample means is probably due to a real difference by experimental conditions
12. 12in an ANOVA, you reject the null hypothesis when the F ratio is

    1. Anegative
    2. Bmuch larger than 1
    3. Cequal to the t score
    4. Dsmaller than 1
13. 13in an ANOVA between a between-groups population variance estimate of 30 and a within-groups estimate of 25, the F ratio is

    1. A25/(30-25) = 5.00
    2. B(30-25)/30 = 0.17
    3. C25/30 = 0.83
    4. D30/25 = 1.20
14. 14The most serious violation of an assumption for an ANOVA occurs when

    1. Athe populations are strongly skewed in the positive direction
    2. Bthe scores between the within groups are dependent
    3. Cthe variance estimate of the group with the largest estimate is twice that of the smallest
    4. Dthe number of scores in each group is less than 10
15. 15in general, using the BOferroni procedure as a post-hoc comparison procedure means that

    1. Aimportant interactions would be overlooked in fewer studies
    2. Bthe .05 alpha will be divided into such small parts that finding any significant comparisons will be a long shot
    3. Cfewer subjects will be required per group to detect significant results
    4. Dan overall .10 significance level will guarantee that each comparison can be conducted at the .05 level
16. 16the correct order of post hoc comparison procedures follwoing an ANOVA from the least conservative to the most is

    1. AB, S, T
    2. BS, T, B
    3. CT, S, B
    4. DB, T, S
17. 17the power of an ANOVA can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT

    1. Ahaving more participants in each group
    2. Busing more groups in an experiment
    3. Cusing the .01 significance level instead of the .05 significance level
    4. Dhaving equal numbers of participants in the groups
18. 18the results of an ANOVA would be reported in a research article as

    1. AF (44) = 3.40, significant
    2. BF (2, 44) < .05
    3. CF (2, 44) = 3.40, p < .05
    4. DF = 3.40, p < .05
19. 19If a research article presented the results of an ANOVA as "F (2,38) = 3.60, p <.05" then how many groups were there in the study?

    1. A2
    2. B3
    3. C40
    4. D41
20. 20If a research article reports that the mean performance scores for the normal sleep, reduced sleep, and no sleep groups were 18.0, 16.6, and 15.6 respectively F(2, 36) = 2.95, p < .05 the most accurate concusion is that

    1. Apeople who get no sleep perform significantly worse than people who sleep a reduced amont
    2. Bpeople who get no sleep perform significantly better than people who sleep a normal rate
    3. Cthe three groups do not all come from populations with the same means, although it is not clear which population means are different
    4. Dconclusions about the relationship between amount of sleep and performance cannot be drawn from these results
21. 21if a research article reports F(32, 36) = 2.95, p < .05 you know that

    1. Athere were two groups
    2. Bthere were 39 participants
    3. Cthere were 36 participants
    4. Dthere were 36 participants per group
22. 22...number of cells

    1. A2
    2. B3
    3. C4
    4. D6
23. 23an interaction effect in a two-way factorial design

    1. Ais the effect of one variablbe that divides the groups, ignoring the influence of the other variable that divides the groups
    2. Boccurs when the influence of one variable that divides the groups changes according to the level of the other variable that divides the groups
    3. Calmost never occurs when more than one variable that divides the groups is considered at a time
    4. Dis rare in a well-designed study and usually indicates some error in computation
24. 24in a three-way factorial design, there can be

    1. Afour main effects and three interactions
    2. Bthree main effects and three interactions
    3. Ctwo main effects and three interactions
    4. Dthree main effects and four interactions
25. 25if an experiment crosses intelligence and attractiveness in a factorial design in which intelligence has three levels and attractiveness has two levels the study will

    1. Abe a three way ANOVA
    2. Bbe a 3 x 2 ANOVA
    3. Chave 8 cells to the third power
    4. Dhave 5 cells
26. 26an interaction effect can be identified in all of the following ways EXCEPT

    1. Athrough inspecting cell means
    2. Bthrough inspecting marginal means
    3. Cby using graphs
    4. Dby a verbal description of results
27. 27if the cell means of a factorial design study are graphed and the pattern of bars in one section of the graph is diffferent from the pattern in the other section the pattern indicates that

    1. Amarginal means should also be plotted
    2. Bthere are more participants in one of the conditions
    3. Cthere is an interaction effect
    4. Da rounding error was made or the means were plotted wrong
28. 28in a 2 x 3 ANOVA the number of null hypotheses is

    1. A1
    2. B2
    3. C3
    4. D6
29. 29if an educational psychologist studying the effect of three different teaching programs on students learning wants to elimate the effect of initial differences in learning ability among the students the psychologist should use

    1. AMANOVA
    2. BANOVA
    3. CANCOVA
    4. Dtest-retest reliability
30. 30a covariate is best desscribed as

    1. Aa dependent variable that is correlated with the independent variables
    2. Ba variable that is controlled or partialed out
    3. Ca variable that is thought to be an effect of all other variables measured
    4. Da variable that does not seem to have any effect on the other
31. 31the difference between a MANCOVA and a MANOVA is

    1. Aa MANCOVA can have more than one dependent variable a MANOVA cannot
    2. BA MANCOVA can be done with a computer and a MANOVA cannot
    3. Cwith a MANCOVA a variable can be partialed out
    4. Dwith a MANOVA variables can be partialed out
32. 32in an ANOVA a variance is called

    1. Amean square
    2. Bsum of squares
    3. Csigma squared
    4. Deta squared
33. 33in a one factor between subjects ANOVA the total variation in scores of sorted into two sources

    1. Asums of squares and degrees of freedom
    2. Bbetween groups variation and intergroups variation
    3. Cbetween groups and within groups variation
    4. Dindependent variation and common variation
34. 34the sampling distribution of the F statistic is based on the assumption that the

    1. Ascores in the populations are normally distributed
    2. Bdistribution of the means in the population is normally distributed
    3. Cmodes of the populations are equal
    4. Dmedians of the populations are equal
35. 35if the results of an experiment using the one factor between subjects ANOVA were summarized as F(2, 30) = 2.46 p > .05 then you would know that the total number of subjects used (N) _______________ and the null hypothesis was ______________

    1. A30, rejected
    2. B32, not rejected
    3. C33, not rejected
    4. D34, not rejected
36. 36a main effect of an independt variable in a factorial design is defined as the

    1. Aeffect of one independent variable subtracted from the grand mean
    2. Bdifference between the main effect means for factor A those for facter B
    3. Csum of main effect menas for factors A and B
    4. Deffect of one independent variable averaged across levels of the other independent variable
37. 37if a counseling psychologist wants to predict college grades from high school grades college grades are the

    1. Acriterion variables
    2. Bcausal variable
    3. Cpredictor variable
    4. Dindependent variable
38. 38in the equation Y = a + bX, b is the symbol for the

    1. Acorrelation coefficient
    2. Bregression constant
    3. Cregression coeffiicient
    4. Dproportional reduction in error
39. 39when making predictions using a linear prediction rule, the baseline number that is added to each prediction is

    1. AX
    2. Ba
    3. CY
    4. Db
40. 40every increase of one point on a test anxiety scale is associated with a decrease of 2 points on a predicted performance on a test, 2 represents the slope which is also the

    1. Aregression constant
    2. Bproportionate reduction in error
    3. Cstandardized regression coefficient
    4. Dregression coefficient
41. 41in a linear prediction rule using a standardized regression coefficient

    1. Afor each increased o one standardized deviation in the predicted variable the predicted standard deviation of the predictor variable increases by the standardized regression coefficent
    2. Bthe predicted value for the criterion variable is a t
    3. Cfor each increased o one standardized deviation in the predictor variable the predicted standard deviation of the criterionvariable increases by the standardized regression coefficent
    4. Dthe regression constant is always equlal to
42. 42the standardized regression coefficient in a bivariate linear predication rule equals

    1. Athe correlation coeffiect squared
    2. Bthe intercept of the regression line using raw scores
    3. Cthe correlation coefficient
    4. Dthe slope of the regression line using raw scores
43. 43in a bivariate linear prediction the null hypothesis is that

    1. Abeta= 1
    2. Bbeta = 0
    3. Cbeta does not equal 0
    4. Dbeta does not equal 1
44. 44the multiple regresssion formula with two preditor variables is

    1. Ay = a + (b1/x1) (b2/x2)
    2. By = a1 + a2 +(b1/x1) (b2/x2)
    3. Cy = a + (b1)(x1) + (b2)(x2)
    4. Dy = a1 + a2 + b1x1 + b2x2
45. 45which assumption is applicable to regression but not to correlation

    1. Alinear relationship between the variables
    2. Beach variable is equally distributed at each point of the other variable
    3. Cindependence of people (or cases)
    4. Derror scores are normally distributed
46. 46a graph that shows the pattern of the relation of two variables is a

    1. Ahistogram
    2. Bfrequency polygon
    3. Cbox plot
    4. Dscatter diagram

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Quiz on Statistics COMP Review, created by Amy Dupuis on 19/08/2019.

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