Quiz
Anatomy Practical 3
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Questions in this quiz (39)
1Identify the following neuroglia cells and their function.
[blank_start]Astrocytes[blank_end]: The most abundant CNS neuroglia
[blank_start]Microglial Cells[blank_end]: Defensive cells in the CNS
[blank_start]Ependymal Cells[blank_end]: Line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities
[blank_start]Oligodendrocytes[blank_end]: Have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS fibers
[blank_start]Satellite Cells and Schwann Cells[blank_end]: Form myelin and surround neurons in the PNS
What is the myelin sheath made up of? [blank_start]Schwann cells[blank_end]- AAstrocytes
- BMicroglial Cells
- CEpendymal Cells
- DOligodendrocytes
- ESatellite Cells and Schwann Cells
- FSchwann cells
2Label the following parts of a neuron.
- ASynaptic Cleft
- BDendrite
- CSoma (Cell Body)
- DAxon Hillock
- EAxon
- FMyelin Sheath
- GNodes of Ranvier (Myelin Sheath Gap)
- HAxon Terminal
- INucleolus
- JNucleus
3Label the following parts of a neuron.
- ASoma (Cell Body)
- BDendrites
4Label the following functional parts of a neuron.
- ASensory Receptor
- BAfferent Pathway
- CSensory Neuron
- DInterneuron
- EWhite Matter
- FGray Matter
- GMotor Neuron
- HEfferent Pathway
- ISpinal Cord (CNS)
- JEffector Organ (Muscle)
- KDorsal Root Ganglion
5Identify the following structure of a nerve.
[blank_start]Tract[blank_end]: Bundles of axons in the CNS
[blank_start]Nerve[blank_end]: Bundles of axons in the PNS
[blank_start]Sensory (Afferent) Nerves[blank_end]: Conduct impulses toward the CNS
[blank_start]Motor (Efferent) Nerves[blank_end]: Carry impulses away from the CNS
[blank_start]Endoneurium[blank_end]: A delicate connective tissue sheath surrounding each axon or myelin sheath of the axon (inner layer)
[blank_start]Perineurium[blank_end]: Groups of axons (middle layer) that form bundles of fibers called fascicles
[blank_start]Epineurium[blank_end]: Outer layer- ATract
- BNerve
- CSensory (Afferent) Nerves
- DMotor (Efferent) Nerves
- EEndoneurium
- FPerineurium
- GEpineurium
6Label the following as cerebellum, peripheral nerve or medullated nerve fiber and their parts.
- ACerebellum
- BWhite Matter
- CPurkinje Cell Layer
- DPerineurium
- EFascicle
- FPeripheral Nerve
- GMyelin Sheath (Outside Circle)
- HMyelinated Axons (Inside Circle)
- IPerineurium
- JMedullated Nerve Fiber
- KMyelin Gap
7Label the following parts of a motor nerve ending and identify the astrocytes.
- ANeuromuscular Junction
- BAxon
- CMuscle Fibers
- DTerminal Branch
- EMotor Neuron Axon Branches
- FAstrocytes
8Label the following parts of an action potential graph.
- AK+ Permeability
- BNa+ Permeability
- CRepolarization
- DDepolarization
- EHyperpolarization
- FThreshold
9Identify the membrane potentials for the following parts of an action potential graph.
Threshold: [blank_start]-55 mV[blank_end]
Resting Membrane Potential: [blank_start]-70 mV[blank_end]
Peak: [blank_start]+30 mV[blank_end]- A-55 mV
- B-70 mV
- C+30 mV
10Describe the events that take place on an action potential graph.
[blank_start]Resting Membrane Potential[blank_end]: When there is an excess of positive ions at the external cell surface with Na+ the predominant extracellular fluid ion and K+ the predominant intracellular ion
What leaks into the cell? [blank_start]Na+[blank_end]
What leaks out of the cell? [blank_start]K+[blank_end]
What is the resting membrane potential maintained by? [blank_start]The sodium-potassium pump[blank_end]
[blank_start]Depolarization[blank_end]: Application of a stimulus changes the membrane permeability and Na+ ions are allowed to diffuse rapidly into the cell generating an [blank_start]action potential[blank_end]
What happens if the stimulus reaches a threshold? [blank_start]The depolarization wave spread rapidly[blank_end] along the [blank_start]entire length of the membrane[blank_end]
[blank_start]Repolarization[blank_end]: The negative charge on the internal plasma membrane surface and the positive charge on its external surface are reestablished by [blank_start]diffusion of K+ ions out of the cell[blank_end], preceding in the same direction as in depolarization
What is the action potential caused by? [blank_start]The permeability changing[blank_end] in the [blank_start]plasma membrane[blank_end]- AResting Membrane Potential
- BNa+
- CK+
- DThe sodium-potassium pump
- EDepolarization
- FThe depolarization wave spread rapidly
- Gentire length of the membrane
- HRepolarization
- Iaction potential
- JThe permeability changing
- Kplasma membrane
- Ldiffusion of K+ ions out of the cell
11Identify the following external brain structures and their functions.
[blank_start]Gyri[blank_end]: Elevated ridges
[blank_start]Sulci[blank_end]: Shallow grooves that separate gyri
[blank_start]Fissures[blank_end]: Deeper grooves
[blank_start]Longitudinal Fissure[blank_end]: A single deep fissure that divides the cerebral hemispheres
[blank_start]Central Sulcus[blank_end]: Divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
[blank_start]Lateral Sulcus[blank_end]: Divides the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe- AGyri
- BSulci
- CFissures
- DLongitudinal Fissure
- ECentral Sulcus
- FLateral Sulcus
12Identify the following important structures of the cerebral cortex and their functions:
[blank_start]Primary Somatosensory Cortex[blank_end]: Receives information from the body's sensory receptors from the skin and from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons
Location: [blank_start]Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe[blank_end]
[blank_start]Primary Visual Cortex[blank_end]: Receives visual information that originates in the retina
Location: [blank_start]Occipital lobe[blank_end]
[blank_start]Primary Auditory Cortex[blank_end]: Receives sound information from the receptors for hearing in the internal ear
Location: [blank_start]Temporal lobe[blank_end]
[blank_start]Olfactory Cortex[blank_end]: Receives information from olfactory (smell) receptors
Location: [blank_start]Temporal lobe (in region called uncus)[blank_end]
[blank_start]Primary Motor Cortex[blank_end]: Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Location: [blank_start]Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe[blank_end]
[blank_start]Broca's Area[blank_end]: Controls the muscles involved in speed production
Location: [blank_start]Frontal lobe[blank_end]- APrimary Somatosensory Cortex
- BPostcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
- CPrimary Visual Cortex
- DOccipital lobe
- EPrimary Auditory Cortex
- FTemporal lobe
- GOlfactory Cortex
- HTemporal lobe (in region called uncus)
- IPrimary Motor Cortex
- JPrecentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
- KBroca's Area
- LFrontal lobe
13Identify the following external features of the cerebral hemisphere.
- AOccipital Lobe
- BPrimary Auditory Cortex (Dark Green)
- CTemporal Lobe
- DPrimary Somatosensory Cortex
- EBroca's Area
- FPrimary Motor Cortex
- GCerebellum
- HPons
- IMedulla Oblongata
- JParietal Lobe
- KPostcentral Gyrus
- LCentral Sulcus
- MPrecentral Gyrus
- NFrontal Lobe
- OLongitudinal Fissure
- PPrimary Visual Cortex
- QPremotor Cortex
14Identify the following internal features of the cerebral hemisphere.
- ACerebrum
- BArbor Vitae of Cerebellum
- CThalamus
- DCerebral Peduncle
- EPons
- FMedulla Oblongata
- GVisual Area of Occipital Lobe
- HFourth Ventricle
- IMidbrain
- JMammillary Body
- KFornix
- LCorpus Callosum
- MCerebellum
- NCorpora Quadrigemina of the Midbrain
- OPineal Gland of the Epithalamus
- PSpinal Cord
- QHypothalamus
- RCerebral Hemisphere
15Identify the meninges of the brain.
[blank_start]Meninges[blank_end]: Three connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord
[blank_start]Dura Mater[blank_end]: Double layered, lathery outermost meninx
[blank_start]Arachnoid Mater[blank_end]: Weblike middle meninx
[blank_start]Pia Mater[blank_end]: Innermost meninx- AMeninges
- BDura Mater
- CArachnoid Mater
- DPia Mater
16Identify all 12 cranial nerves in order.
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I. [blank_start]Olfactory[blank_end]
II. [blank_start]Optic[blank_end]
III. [blank_start]Oculomotor[blank_end]
IV. [blank_start]Trochlear[blank_end]
V. [blank_start]Trigeminal[blank_end]
VI. [blank_start]Abducens[blank_end]
VII. [blank_start]Facial[blank_end]
VIII. [blank_start]Vestibulocochlear[blank_end]
IX. [blank_start]Glossopharyngeal[blank_end]
X. [blank_start]Vagus[blank_end]
XI. [blank_start]Accessory[blank_end]
XII. [blank_start]Hypoglossal[blank_end]- AOlfactory
- BOptic
- COculomotor
- DTrochlear
- ETrigeminal
- FAbducens
- GFacial
- HVestibulocochlear
- IGlossopharyngeal
- JVagus
- KAccessory
- LHypoglossal
17Identify the functions of the 12 cranial nerves.
[blank_start]CN I Olfactory[blank_end]: Sense of smell
[blank_start]CN II Optic[blank_end]: Visual acuity
[blank_start]CN III Oculomotor[blank_end]: Controls movement of superior/inferior oblique and medial rectus eye muscle along with lens shape and pupil size
[blank_start]CN IV Trochlear[blank_end]: Controls movement of superior oblique eye muscle
[blank_start]CN V Trigeminal[blank_end]: Innervates the face and muscles of mastication
[blank_start]CN VI Abducens[blank_end]: Controls movement of the lateral rectus eye muscle
[blank_start]CN VII Facial[blank_end]: Controls facial expressions, lacrimal and salivary glands along with the tongue
[blank_start]CN VIII Vestibulocochlear[blank_end]: Helps with balance that is in charge of hearing
[blank_start]CN IX Glossopharyngeal[blank_end]: Control salivary glands and posterior tongue
[blank_start]CN X Vagus[blank_end]: Control tongue
[blank_start]CN XI Acessory[blank_end]: Controls sterocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
[blank_start]CN XII Hypoglossal[blank_end]: Controls muscles of tongue- ACN I Olfactory
- BCN II Optic
- CCN III Oculomotor
- DCN IV Trochlear
- ECN V Trigeminal
- FCN VI Abducens
- GCN VII Facial
- HCN VIII Vestibulocochlear
- ICN IX Glossopharyngeal
- JCN X Vagus
- KCN XI Acessory
- LCN XII Hypoglossal
18Label the follow parts of a sheep brain.
- AMedulla Oblongata
- BTrigeminal Nerve (CN V)
- CPons
- DMammillary Body
- EOptic Nerve (CN II)
- FOlfactory Bulb
- GOlfactory Bulb
- HLongitudinal Fissure
- ICerebrum
- JCerebellum
- KOccipital Lobe
- LPineal Gland
- MSuperior Colliculus Corpora Quadrigemina
- NInferior Colliculus Corpora Quadrigemina
- OCerebellum
- PCerebral Hemisphere
- QCorpus Callosum
- RFrontal Lobe
- SCerebral Peduncle
- TPons
- UMedulla Oblongata
- VFourth Ventricle
- WArbor Vitae of Cerebellum
- XAbducens Nerve (CN VI)
- YPineal Gland
- ZCorpora Quadrigemina
19Label the following nerves of the spinal cord.
- ACervical Spinal Nerves (C1-C8)
- BThoracic Spinal Nerves (T1-T12)
- CLumbar Spinal Nerves (L1-L5)
- DSacral Spinal Nerves (S1-S5)
- ECoccygeal Spinal Nerve
- FFilum Terminale
- GCauda Equina
- HConus Medullaris
- ILumbar Enlargement
- JDura and Arachnoid Mater
- KCervical Enlargement
20Label the following parts of the spinal cord and its meninges.
- ASpinal Dura Mater
- BArachnoid Mater
- CPia Mater
- DVentral Median Fissure
- ECentral Canal
- FVentral Horn
- GLateral Horn
- HDorsal Horn
- IGray Commissure
- JGray Mater
- KDorsal Median Sulcus
- LDorsal Funiculus
- MVentral Funiculus
- NLateral Funiculus
- OWhite Columns
- PDorsal Root Ganglion
- QSpinal Nerve
- RDorsal Root
- SDorsal Rootlets
- TVentral Root
- UVentral Rootlets
21Label the following parts of the spinal cord cross section.
- ADorsal Funiculus of White Column
- BLateral Funiculus of White Column
- CVentral Funiculus of White Column
- DDorsal Horn
- ELateral Horn
- FVentral Horn
- GGray Commissure
- HCentral Canal
- IDorsal Median Sulcus
- JVentral Median Fissure
- KDorsal Root
- LDorsal Root Ganglion
- MVentral Root
- NMixed Spinal Nerve
22[blank_start]Nerve Plexuses[blank_end]: Complex network of nerves formed from ventral rami of all other spinal nerves
[blank_start]Cervical Plexus[blank_end]: Arises from the ventral rami of C1 through C5 to supply muscles of the shoulder and neck
What is the major branch of the cervical plexus? [blank_start]Phrenic nerve[blank_end]
Where does the phrenic nerve arise from? [blank_start]C3 through C4[blank_end] and passes into the thoracic cavity in front of the first rib
What does the phrenic nerve innervate (C3, C4, C5 keep what alive)? [blank_start]The diaphragm[blank_end]
[blank_start]Brachial Plexus[blank_end]: Large and complex arising from the ventral rami of C5 through T1
What is the brachial plexus divided into? [blank_start]Roots, trunks, divisions, and cords[blank_end]
What are the five major peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus? [blank_start]The axillary, radial, median,[blank_end] [blank_start]musculocutaneus, and the ulnar nerve[blank_end]
What are the two plexuses of the lumbosacral plexus? [blank_start]The lumbar and sacral plexus[blank_end]
[blank_start]Lumbar Plexus[blank_end]: Arises from ventral rami of L1 through L4
What is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus? [blank_start]The femoral nerve[blank_end]
[blank_start]Sacral Plexus[blank_end]: Arises from L4 to S4
What is the major peripheral nerve of the sacral plexus and the largest nerve of the body? [blank_start]The sciatic nerve[blank_end]
What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve? [blank_start]The common fibular nerve[blank_end] and [blank_start]the tibial nerve[blank_end]- ANerve Plexuses
- BCervical Plexus
- CPhrenic nerve
- DC3 through C4
- EThe diaphragm
- FBrachial Plexus
- GRoots, trunks, divisions, and cords
- HThe axillary, radial, median,
- Imusculocutaneus, and the ulnar nerve
- JThe lumbar and sacral plexus
- KLumbar Plexus
- LThe femoral nerve
- MSacral Plexus
- NThe sciatic nerve
- OThe common fibular nerve
- Pthe tibial nerve
23Actions of the [blank_start]Parasympathetic Nervous System[blank_end]: Constricts pupils and airways, increases salivary glands, digestion, pancreas, gall-bladder, bladder and erection and finally decreases heart rate
Actions of the [blank_start]Sympathetic Nervous System[blank_end]: Dilates pupils and airways, decreases salivary glands, digestion, pancreas, gall bladder, and bladder and finally increases heart rate, liver, adrenal gland, and ejaculation
Parasympathetic Nervous System: [blank_start]Rest and digest[blank_end]
Sympathetic Nervous System: [blank_start]Fight or flight[blank_end]
What regions of the spinal cord are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]Cervical and sacral[blank_end]
What regions of the spinal cord are involved in the sympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]Thoracic and lumbar[blank_end]- ARest and digest
- BFight or flight
- CCervical and sacral
- DThoracic and lumbar
- EParasympathetic Nervous System
- FSympathetic Nervous System
24Where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the CNS? [blank_start]Brain stem nuclei[blank_end] of [blank_start]CN III, VII, IX, and X[blank_end] and [blank_start]spinal cord segments S2-S4[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Lateral horns of gray mater[blank_end] of [blank_start]the spinal cord T1-L2[blank_end]
Where is the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located? [blank_start]Terminal ganglia and intramural ganglia[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Sympathetic trunk ganglia[blank_end] and [blank_start]collateral ganglia[blank_end]
How long are the preganglionic and postganglionic axon lengths in the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]Long and short[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Short and long[blank_end]
Is there white and gray rami communicates in the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]NO[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end], white contains [blank_start]myelinated preganglionic axons[blank_end] and gray contains [blank_start]nonmyelinated postganglionic axons[blank_end]
What is the degree of branching of the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Extensive[blank_end]
What neurotransmitters does the preganglionic and the postganglionic release in the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]Acetylcholine and norepinephrin[blank_end]
What are the effects of division in the parasympathetic nervous system? [blank_start]More specific and local[blank_end]
Sympathetic? [blank_start]More general and widespread[blank_end]- ABrain stem nuclei
- BCN III, VII, IX, and X
- Cspinal cord segments S2-S4
- DLateral horns of gray mater
- Ethe spinal cord T1-L2
- FTerminal ganglia and intramural ganglia
- GSympathetic trunk ganglia
- Hcollateral ganglia
- ILong and short
- JShort and long
- KNO
- LYes
- Mmyelinated preganglionic axons
- Nnonmyelinated postganglionic axons
- OMinimal
- PExtensive
- QAcetylcholine
- RAcetylcholine and norepinephrin
- SMore specific and local
- TMore general and widespread
25[blank_start]Autonomic Reflexes[blank_end]: Involuntary reflexes mediated through the autonomic nervous system that activate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and the glands of the body.
Examples of Autonomic Reflexes: [blank_start]Pupillary, ciliospinal,[blank_end] and [blank_start]salivary reflexes[blank_end]
[blank_start]Pupillary Reflex[blank_end]: Two types; pupillary light and consensual reflex
[blank_start]Ciliospinal Reflex[blank_end]: Observe the subjects eye while gently stroking the skin on the left side of the back of the back of the patients neck
[blank_start]Salivary Reflex:[blank_end] Reflex involving salivary glands as the effector
[blank_start]Somatic Reflexes[blank_end]: Voluntary reflexes that involve stimulation of the skeletal muscles by the somatic division of the nervous system
Examples of Somatic Reflexes: [blank_start]Stretch, crossed-extensor, superficial,[blank_end] [blank_start]corneal, and gag reflexes[blank_end]
[blank_start]Stretch Reflex[blank_end]: Initiated by tapping a tendon or ligament which stretches the muscle to which the tendon is attached (ex. patellar or knee-jerk reflex)
[blank_start]Crossed-Extensor Reflex[blank_end]: Consists of a flexor or withdrawl reflex followed by extension of the opposite limb
[blank_start]Superficial Reflex[blank_end]: Abdominal, cremasteric, and plantar reflexes are initiated by stimulation of the receptors in the skin or mucosae
[blank_start]Corneal Reflex[blank_end]: Mediated through the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
[blank_start]Gag Reflex[blank_end]: Tests the somatic motor responses of the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and the vagus nerve (CN X)- AAutonomic Reflexes
- BPupillary, ciliospinal,
- Csalivary reflexes
- DPupillary Reflex
- ECiliospinal Reflex
- FSalivary Reflex:
- GSomatic Reflexes
- HStretch, crossed-extensor, superficial,
- Icorneal, and gag reflexes
- JStretch Reflex
- KCrossed-Extensor Reflex
- LSuperficial Reflex
- MCorneal Reflex
- NGag Reflex
26Components of a Reflex Arc:
1. The [blank_start]receptor[blank_end] is the site of stimulus action
2. The [blank_start]sensory neuron[blank_end] transmits [blank_start]afferent impulses to the CNS[blank_end]
3. The [blank_start]integration center[blank_end] may be as simple as a single synapse between a sensory and motor neuron (monosynaptic) or involve one or more interneurons synapsing to form the integration center (polysynaptic)
4. The [blank_start]motor neuron[blank_end] conducts [blank_start]efferent impulses[blank_end] from the integration center [blank_start]to an effector organ[blank_end]
5. The [blank_start]effector organ[blank_end], a muscle fiber or a gland cell, responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting respectively- Areceptor
- Bsensory neuron
- Cafferent impulses to the CNS
- Dintegration center
- Emotor neuron
- Fefferent impulses
- Gto an effector organ
- Heffector organ
27Label the following cutaneous receptors on the skin.
- AFree Nerve Ending
- BLamellar Corpuscle
- CTactile Corpuscle
28What cutaneous receptor is in charge of detecting touch and light pressure? [blank_start]Tactile corpuscle[blank_end]
Pain and temperature? [blank_start]Free nerve endings[blank_end]
Deep pressure? [blank_start]Lamellar corpuscle[blank_end]
Deep continuous pressure? [blank_start]Bulbous corpuscle[blank_end]
[blank_start]Tactile Localization[blank_end]: The brains ability to determine which portion of the skin has been touched- ATactile corpuscle
- BFree nerve endings
- CLamellar corpuscle
- DBulbous corpuscle
- ETactile Localization
29Identify the following muscles of the eyes:
[blank_start]Lateral Rectus[blank_end]: Moves the eye laterally
[blank_start]Medial Rectus[blank_end]: Moves the eye medially
[blank_start]Superior Rectus[blank_end]: Elevates the eye and turns it medially
[blank_start]Inferior Rectus[blank_end]: Depresses the eye and turns it medially
[blank_start]Superior Oblique[blank_end]: Depresses the eye and turns it laterally
[blank_start]Inferior Oblique[blank_end]: Elevates the eye and turns it laterally
What are the photoreceptors of the eyes? [blank_start]The bipolar and ganglion cells[blank_end]
[blank_start]Rods[blank_end]: Specialized photoreceptors for dim-light appearing as gray
[blank_start]Cones[blank_end]: Color photoreceptors that permit high levels of visual acuity but only function under conditions of high light intensity
What part of the eye is considered the blind spot? [blank_start]The optic disc[blank_end]
What segment of the eye contains aqueous humor? [blank_start]Anterior[blank_end]
Vitreous humor? [blank_start]Posterior[blank_end]- ALateral Rectus
- BMedial Rectus
- CSuperior Rectus
- DInferior Rectus
- ESuperior Oblique
- FInferior Oblique
- GThe bipolar and ganglion cells
- HRods
- ICones
- JThe optic disc
- KAnterior
- LPosterior
30Identify the following muscles of the eye.
- ASuperior Oblique
- BLateral Rectus
- CMedial Rectus
- DSuperior Rectus
- EMedial Rectus
- FLateral Rectus
- GInferior Rectus
- HInferior Oblique
- ISuperior Oblique
- JSuperior Rectus
31Identify the following parts of the eye.
- ALens
- BCornea
- CAqueous Humor (between cornea and iris)
- DPupil
- EIris
- FOptic Nerve (CN II)
- GVitreous Humor
- HOptic Disc (white spot)
- IFovea Centralis (pink spot)
- JRetina (inside)
- KSclera (outside)
- LSclera
- MRetina
32Identify the following parts of the eye.
- ACiliary Body/Muscle
- BCornea (outside)
- CAqueous Humor (between cornea and iris)
- DPupil
- ECiliary Body/Muscle
- FLens
- GVitreous Humor
- HOptic Disc (yellow spot)
- IOptic Nerve (CN II)
- JRetina (inside)
- KSclera (outside)
- LIris (brown)
33Identify the following anatomy of the retina.
- AChoroid
- BRetina
- COuter Segments of Rods and Cones
- DNuclei of Rods and Cones
- ENuclei of Bipolar Cells
34Identify the following parts of the cow eye.
- ARetina
- BVitreous Humor
- CChoroid
- DPupil
- ESclera
- FLens
- GCiliary Body/Muscle
- HIris
- ICornea (outside)
- JOptic Nerve (CN II)
- KTapetum Lucidum
35Problems of Refraction:
[blank_start]Emmetropic Eye[blank_end]: Light from near and far objects is focused properly on the retina
[blank_start]Myopic Eye (Nearsighted)[blank_end]: When the eyeball is to [blank_start]long[blank_end] and light from [blank_start]distant objects[blank_end] is brought to a focal point [blank_start]before[blank_end] reaching the retina, applying a [blank_start]concave lens[blank_end] focuses objects properly on the retina
[blank_start]Hyperopic Eye (Farsighted)[blank_end]: When the eyeball is to [blank_start]short[blank_end] and light from a [blank_start]near object[blank_end] is brought to a focal point [blank_start]behind[blank_end] the retina, applying a [blank_start]convex lens[blank_end] focus objects properly on the retina- AEmmetropic Eye
- BMyopic Eye (Nearsighted)
- Clong
- Ddistant objects
- Ebefore
- Fconcave lens
- Gshort
- Hnear object
- Ibehind
- Jconvex lens
- KHyperopic Eye (Farsighted)
36Identify the following parts of the ear.
- AAuricle (Pinna)
- BLobule (Earlobe)
- CExternal Acoustic Meatus
- DTympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
- EMalleus (Hammer)
- FIncus (Anvil)
- GStapes (Stirrup)
- HOval Window
- IPharyngotympanic (Auditory) Tube
- JCochlea
- KVestibule
- LSemicircular Canals
37What are the structures of the external ear? [blank_start]Auricle, lobule,[blank_end] [blank_start]external auditory meatus,[blank_end] and [blank_start]tympanic membrane[blank_end]
[blank_start]Auricle (Pinna)[blank_end]: Collects and directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus
[blank_start]Lobule (Earlobe)[blank_end]: Completes the formation of the auricle
[blank_start]External Auditory Meatus[blank_end]: Transmits sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
[blank_start]Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)[blank_end]: Vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves hitting it and transmitting it to the auditory ossicles
What are the structures of the middle ear? [blank_start]Malleus, incus, stapes, oval window[blank_end] and [blank_start]pharyngotympanic tube[blank_end]
[blank_start]Malleus (Hammer)[blank_end]: Transmits and amplifies vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the incus
[blank_start]Incus (Anvil)[blank_end]: Transmits and amplifies vibrations from malleus to the stapes
[blank_start]Stapes (Stirrup)[blank_end]: Transmits and amplifies vibrations from incus to the oval window
[blank_start]Oval Window[blank_end]: Transmits vibrations from stapes to the perilymph of the scala vestibuli
[blank_start]Pharyngotympanic (Auditory) Tube[blank_end]: Equalizes the pressure in the middle ear cavity with the external air pressure so that the tympanic membrane can vibrate properly
What are the structures of the internal ear? [blank_start]cochlea, vestibule,[blank_end] and [blank_start]semicircular canals[blank_end]
[blank_start]Cochlea[blank_end]: Hearing through the [blank_start]vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)[blank_end]
[blank_start]Vestibule[blank_end]: Static equilibrium and linear acceleration of the head
[blank_start]Semicircular Canals[blank_end]: Rotational acceleration of the head- AAuricle, lobule,
- Bexternal auditory meatus,
- Ctympanic membrane
- DAuricle (Pinna)
- ELobule (Earlobe)
- FExternal Auditory Meatus
- GTympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
- HMalleus, incus, stapes, oval window
- Ipharyngotympanic tube
- JMalleus (Hammer)
- KIncus (Anvil)
- LStapes (Stirrup)
- MOval Window
- NPharyngotympanic (Auditory) Tube
- Ocochlea, vestibule,
- Psemicircular canals
- QCochlea
- RVestibule
- SSemicircular Canals
- Tvestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
38Identify the following slides as either cochlea, olfactory epithelium or taste buds and label their parts.
- AVestibular Membrane
- BScala Vestibuli
- CScala Tymparii
- DBasilar Membrane
- ETectorial Membrane
- FCochlea
- GOlfactory Sensory Neuron Cells
- HOlfactory Epithelium
- ITaste Buds
- JOlfactory Sensory Neuron Cells
39What three cranial nerves innervate the sensory (afferent) neurons of the taste buds? [blank_start]The facial, glossopharyngeal,[blank_end] and [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end]
[blank_start]Facial Nerve (CN VII)[blank_end]: Serves the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
[blank_start]Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)[blank_end]: Serves the posterior third of the tongue
[blank_start]Vagus Nerve (CN X)[blank_end]: Carries a few fibers of the pharyngeal region
What reflex tests the vagus nerve? [blank_start]The gag reflex[blank_end]- AThe facial, glossopharyngeal,
- Bvagus nerve
- CFacial Nerve (CN VII)
- DGlossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
- EVagus Nerve (CN X)
- FThe gag reflex
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- Science Quiz on Anatomy Practical 3, created by Sydney Rubal on 31/10/2019.
- Author
- Sydney Rubal
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- English
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