Lipids and Membrane Structure

What is a triacylglycerol/triglyceride?

When naming fatty acids, we use the general formula CX:Y cis/trans-Δz. What is X?

When naming fatty acids, we use the general formula CX:Y cis/trans-Δz. What is Y?

When naming fatty acids, we use the general formula CX:Y cis/trans-Δz. What is cis/trans?

When naming fatty acids, we use the general formula CX:Y cis/trans-Δz. What is Δz?

What is the correct nomenclature of oleic acid?

What is the correct nomenclature of arachidonic acid?

What is the correct nomenclature of palmitic acid?

What is the correct nomenclature of stearic acid?

What is the correct nomenclature of linoleic acid?

Cis-configured double bonds in fatty acids cause curved conformations which limit the ability of fatty acids to be closely packed

What is a phospholipid?

Apart from the basic structure, what is another feature that a phospholipid must have to be considered a phospholipid?

What is a glycolipid?

What is the glycocalyx?

How many carbons does sphingosine have?

Spingosine is unsaturated

What is the structure of the last three carbons of sphingosine?

What is a ceramide?

What is sphingomyelin?

How do we gain cholesterol in the body? Check all that apply

What name is given to a molecule with a common structure of 3 six-membered carbon rings and 1 five-membered carbon ring?

Why are lipid bilayers described as being asymmetrical?

An increase in SCFA in the cell membrane reduces Van der Waals interactions between fatty acids and increases fluidity

Unsaturated fatty acids have 'kinks' which reduce Van der Waals interactions between fatty acids and increase fluidity

High cholesterol content restricts the movement of polar phospholipid heads and buffers temperature changes - this decreases the fluidity of the membrane

What name is given to a microdomain within the membrane which is highly concentrated with cholesterol, transmembrane proteins and glycosphingolipids?

Which membrane protein is embedded within the lipid bilayer in a transmembrane fashion?

Which membrane protein is anchored to the membrane by covalent bonds with fatty acids either in the bilayer directly or by glycolipids?

Which membrane proteins attach to the membrane surface via ionic interactions with integral proteins or the polar head groups of phospholipids?

Which types of membrane protein will be removed by high salt/urea? Check all that apply

Which types of membrane protein will be removed by detergent? Check all that apply

Which types of membrane protein will be removed by phospholipases?

When we use high salt/urea to remove membrane proteins from the bilayer, the high salt content breaks the [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end] bonds between the proteins and the surface of the membrane. This in turn will [blank_start]denature[blank_end] the proteins themselves. Therefore, we may not be able to determine the [blank_start]function[blank_end] of a protein removed by this method but we will be able to [blank_start]quantify[blank_end] how much is present within the membrane.

Detergents are [blank_start]amphipathic[blank_end] molecules with the ability to manipulate hydrophobic-[blank_start]hydrophilic[blank_end] interactions among biological molecules. At high concentrations, they penetrate between the bilayer and form [blank_start]micelles[blank_end] containing phospholipids and protein. The [blank_start]protein[blank_end] can then be purified from the sample. The micelles thermodynamically [blank_start]stabilise[blank_end] the internal material whilst maintaining [blank_start]hydrophilia[blank_end] on the outside. Thus, detergents solubilise their contents.