Quiz
Anatomy and Embryology of Skeletal Muscle
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Questions in this quiz (31)
1Skeletal muscle cells fuse to form giant multinucleate cells with several nuclei located on the periphery that control a common cytoplasm - they form a syncitium.
- ATrue
- BFalse
2What name is given to the primary site of force transmission at the muscle-tendon interface?
- AMyotendinous junction
- BNeuromuscular junction
- CMyotendinous point
- DMyocollagenous junction
3The myotendinous junction arises from the fusion of what structures? Check all that apply
- AEpimyisum
- BPerimysium
- CEndomysium
- DFascicles
- EScarpa's fascia
- FCompact bone
- GArticular cartilage
4Fill in the blanks to give the names of each classification of muscle according to its function.
[blank_start]Flexor[blank_end] muscles bend a joint, decreasing its angle.
[blank_start]Extensor[blank_end] muscles straighten a joint, increasing its angle.
The [blank_start]prime mover[blank_end] or agonist muscle performs concentric contraction to bring about movement.
The [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end] muscle opposes the action of the primer mover to return it to its normal position.
The [blank_start]fixator[blank_end] muscle steadies the position produced by the prime mover by isometric contraction.
The [blank_start]synergist[blank_end] muscle complements the action of the prime mover by performing the same contraction.- AFlexor
- BExtensor
- Cprime mover
- Dantagonist
- Efixator
- Fsynergist
5Blood vessels and nerves are embedded in the fascicles.
- ATrue
- BFalse
6Fill in the blanks below to describe the structure of muscle based on the divisions by the different layers of connective tissue.
The [blank_start]epimysium[blank_end] is the tough outermost layer surrounding the entire muscle.
The [blank_start]perimysium[blank_end] surrounds bundles of muscle fibres to create fascicles.
The [blank_start]endomysium[blank_end] surrounds each muscle fibre within the fascicles.- Aepimysium
- Bperimysium
- Cendomysium
7Label this image to show the general structure of a skeletal muscle.
- AEpimysium
- BPerimysium
- CBlood vessel
- DMuscle fibre
- EFascicle
- FEndomysium
- GTendon
- HBone
8Fill in the blanks below to describe the formation of skeletal muscle.
1. A single [blank_start]myoblast[blank_end] cell exists in a medium containing growth factor.
2. The cell [blank_start]proliferates[blank_end].
3. Multiple cells fuse to form [blank_start]myotubes[blank_end].
4. Myotubes gather to form [blank_start]myofibres[blank_end].- Amyoblast
- Bproliferates
- Cmyotubes
- Dmyofibres
9Muscle fibres are post-mitotic cells - myonuclei cannot re-enter the cell cycle and divide.
- ATrue
- BFalse
10What type of cell exists on the surface of muscle fibres that divide in response to stimuli and differentiate into new myoblasts?
- AStem cells
- BSatellite cells
- CMesenchymal cells
- DMast cells
11Satellite cells cannot self-renew.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12What processes do we need satellite cells for? Check all that apply.
- AMuscle growth after birth
- BMuscle repair
- CMuscle hypertrophy (growth in response to exercise)
- DMuscle formation in utero
- EMuscle degradation during starvation
- FTendon formation
- GOssification
13What is the most basic unit of skeletal muscle?
- ASarcomeres
- BMuscle fibres
- CFascicles
- DMyonuclei
14Label this image to give the structure of a sarcomere.
- AMyosin
- BActin
- CZ disk
- DI band
- EA band
- FI band
- GH zone
15What does the speed of contraction of a muscle fibre depend on?
- AAmount of myosin heavy chain isoform present
- BAmount of myosin light chain isoform present
- CNumber of sarcomeres present
- DNumber of mitochondria present
16Which muscle fibre isoform is described as a white muscle fibre as it only contains a small amount of myoglobin?
- AFast isoform (Type II)
- BSlow isoform (Type I)
17Which muscle fibre isoform is described as a red muscle fibre as it contains a lot of myoglobin?
- ASlow (type I)
- BFast (type II)
18Type I slow muscle fibres are suited to [blank_start]long[blank_end]-term contraction for [blank_start]endurance[blank_end] work. They are red and contract with slow [blank_start]twitch[blank_end] velocity. They have a higher density of [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] so are better suited to aerobic respiration. They are therefore fatigue [blank_start]resistant[blank_end]. However, they produce [blank_start]less[blank_end] instantaneous force so are described as 'weak'. They store energy in the form of [blank_start]triglycerides[blank_end].
- Along
- Bendurance
- Ctwitch
- Dmitochondria
- Eresistant
- Fless
- Gtriglycerides
19Type II muscle fibres are better suited to [blank_start]short[blank_end]-term contraction. They are [blank_start]white[blank_end] in colour due to a lack of myoglobin. They contract with [blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch velocity and are more prone to aerobic respiration. They therefore fatigue easily, but produce more instantaneous force. They store energy in the form of ATP and creatine phosphate.
- Ashort
- Bwhite
- Cfast
20Type II muscle fibres are better suited to [blank_start]short[blank_end]-term contraction. They are [blank_start]white[blank_end] in colour due to a lack of myoglobin. They contract with [blank_start]fast[blank_end] twitch velocity and are more prone to [blank_start]anaerobic[blank_end] respiration. They therefore fatigue easily, but produce more [blank_start]instantaneous[blank_end] force. They store energy in the form of ATP and [blank_start]creatine phosphate[blank_end].
- Ashort
- Bwhite
- Cfast
- Danaerobic
- Einstantaneous
- Fcreatine phosphate
21The Type IIa fast [blank_start]oxidative[blank_end] muscle fibres have higher concentrations of [blank_start]myoglobin[blank_end] and mitochondria. They are therefore the most resistant to [blank_start]fatigue[blank_end] of the Type II fibres and are used in [blank_start]long[blank_end] term anaerobic activities.
Type IIb fast [blank_start]glycolytic[blank_end] muscle fibres have low concentrations of myoglobin and [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] so fatigue easily but contract [blank_start]quickly[blank_end] with high power. They are therefore used in short term [blank_start]anaerobic[blank_end] activities.
Type IIx super-fast [blank_start]glycolytic[blank_end] muscle fibres have the lowest concentrations of muscle fibres so are very vulnerable to [blank_start]fatigue[blank_end]. They do, however, contract the fastest with the largest amount of [blank_start]power[blank_end].- Aoxidative
- Bglycolytic
- Cglycolytic
- Dmyoglobin
- Efatigue
- Flong
- Gmitochondria
- Hquickly
- Ianaerobic
- Jfatigue
- Kpower
22Each muscle fibre receives innervation from one motor neuron.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23What name is given to the group of muscle fibres from a single neuron innervating multiple fibres?
- AMotor unit
- BMotor nerve
- CNeuromuscular junction
- DMotor end plate
24Larger motor units have greater degrees of control.
- ATrue
- BFalse
25What is dystrophin?
- ACytoplasmic protein that connects the cytoplasm of muscle fibres to the extracellular membrane
- BCytoskeletal protein that myosin binds to in the sarcomere
- CVoltage-gated calcium ion channel found in the sarcolemma
- DVoltage-gated calcium ion channel found on the sarcoplasmic reticulum
26Why are males more prone to muscular dystrophies (disorders of the dystrophin protein)?
- AThe gene for dystrophin is X-linked
- BThe gene for dystrophin is autosomally linked
- CMales tend to have higher lean body mass
- DTestosterone can mutate dystrophin
27What is the function of dystrophin?
- AStabilises the sarcoplasm and sarcolemma during contraction
- BStabilises the position of the myonuclei during contraction
- CHelps filter material through the basal lamina
- DTransports Ca2+ out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum for contraction
28The C-terminus of dystrophin binds to the [blank_start]dystrophin associated protein complex[blank_end] (DAPC) found at the [blank_start]sarcolemma[blank_end].
The N-terminus of dystorphin binds to filamentous [blank_start]actin[blank_end] in the cytoskeleton.- Adystrophin associated protein complex
- Bsarcolemma
- Cactin
29What disease is characterised by necrosis and fibrosis of the muscles causing later-stage walking, toe walking, Gower's manoeuvre often leading to death in 20s-30s?
- ADuchenne muscular dystrophy
- BCreutzfeldt Jakob disease
- CPatau syndrome
- DSickle-cell anaemia
30The limb and trunk muscles are derived from embryonic structures known as [blank_start]somites[blank_end] - buds of the mesoderm. The [blank_start]somites[blank_end] are divided into sections which will give rise to different parts of the body.
The [blank_start]dermomyotomes[blank_end] will give rise to the skeletal muscle, the satellite cells and the overlying dermis.
The [blank_start]sclerotome[blank_end] will give rise to cartilage, joints and tendons.
The [blank_start]myotome[blank_end] will form differentiated myocytes.- Asomites
- Bsomites
- Cdermomyotomes
- Dsclerotome
- Emyotome
31Muscle precursor cells that end up in medial locations will initially migrate into the limb bud periphery before moving back towards the midline to their final location.
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Quiz on Anatomy and Embryology of Skeletal Muscle, created by Charlotte Jakes on 19/12/2019.
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- Charlotte Jakes
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- English
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