Quiz
Cardiovascular Syste
Create a free account to finish this quiz
Save your progress and see your final score.
Already have an account? Sign in
Questions in this quiz (146)
1The primary pacemaker of the heart at physiological conditions is mornally the
- Asino-atrial node
- Batrio-ventricular node
- Cbundle of Hiss
- Dmitral valve
- Eleft ventricle
2In electrocardiogram (ECG) the QRS complex represents:
- Adepolarisation of the atria
- Brepolarization of the atria
- Cdepolarisation of the ventricles
- Drepolarization of the ventricles
- Edelay at the AV node
3An ECG would be useful for determining a patient's:
- Aheart murmur
- Bstroke volume
- Ccardiac output
- Dblockage of conduction of electrical signals between the atria and the ventricles
- Enone of the above
4Cardiac output (C.O.) is the:
- Avolume of blood pumped per minute by both ventricles
- Bvolume of blood flowing through the systemic circulation each minute
- Cproduct of the number of heartbeats per minute and the volume pumped per beat
- Da and c
- Eb and c
5According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart
- Awith each systole the left ventricle ejects a larger volume of blood then the right ventricle
- Bthe intrinsic rate of the heart's pacemaker is 100 beats per minute
- Ccardiac output increases with increased heart rate
- Dstroke volume increases with increased venous return
- Eboth ventricles contact simultaneously
6Within protodiastole of the ventricles
- AA-V valves are opened S-L valves closed
- BA-V and S-L valves are closed
- CA-V and S-L valves are opened
- DA-V valves are closed and S-L valves are open
- Enone of the upper mentioned are correct
7During exercise, there is an increased flow of blood to
- Athe brain
- Bthe kidneys
- Cthe muscles
- Db and c
- Ea, b and c
8During isovolumetric contraction
- AA-V valves are opened, S-L valves are opened
- BA-V valves are closed, S-L valves are opened
- CA-V valves are open, S-L valves are closed
- Dnone
9The aortic valve
- Aprevents the backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole
- Bprevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole
- Cprevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection
- Dprevents backflow of blood into the aorta during injection
- Ecloses when the first heart sound is heard
10In humans, blood loss causes
- Avenous constriction
- Bdecreased blood flow to the skin
- Ca fall in the cardiac output
- Dsplenic contraction
- Ea, b and c
11the heart sounds
- Aexpress the arterial wall fluctuations synchronous with the cardiac performance
- Bregister the cardiomyocytes bioelectrical activity during the cardiac cycle
- Creflect the volume of blood, which the heart ejects in the large and small cycle per minute
- Dare registered and analysed via ascultation and phonocardiography
- Eare registered via phlebography
12Which of the following organs has the greatest blood flow per 100 g of tissue?
- Abrain
- Bheart muscle
- Cskin
- Dliver
- Ekidney
13If the heart rate is 70 beats/min, then cardiac output is closer to:
- A3.45 l.min-1
- B4.55 l.min-1
- C5.25 l.min-1
- D8.0 l.min-1
- E9.85 l.min-1
14Which of ECG elements reflects the ventricular depolarisation?
- APQ interval
- BQRS complex
- CQT interval
- DST segment
- ET wave
15Cardiac output (CO) of the right heart is what percentage of that of the left?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
- E125%
16During the ventricular filling
- AA-V valves are opened, S-L valves are opened
- BA-V valves are closed, S-L valves are opened
- CA-V valves are opened , S-L valves are closed
- DA-v valves are closed, s-l valves are clsoed
- Ethere's no right answer
17Which effects are caused by sympathetic stimulation?
- Aincreased force of heart contraction
- Bincreased heart metabolism
- Cincreased heart conductibility
- Ddecreased excitability
- Ea, b, and c
18Which are the peculiarities of the action potential in cardiac muscle?
- Along duration (0.3 s)
- Bshort duration (0.01 s)
- Chigh amplitude
- Dplateau
- Ea, and d
19The integral of the values of blood pressure during one cardiac cycle is defined as:
- Apulse pressures
- Bthe systolic blood pressure
- Cthe diastolic blood pressure
- Dmean arterial blood pressure
- Ecloser in value to the systolic blood pressure
20When are all four valves closed?
- Aduring isovolumetric ventricular contraction
- Bduring isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- Cduring ventricular systole
- Dduring atrial diastole
- Ea, and b
21Effects of hypokalaemia:
- Ashort PQ interval
- Bventricular extrasystoles
- Celevated ST segments
- Dlong QRS interval
- Elong QT interval
22Hyperkalaemia:
- Acauses a prolonged QT interval
- Bprolongs the QRS
- Ccauses ST segment elevation
- Dpotentiates digoxin toxicity
- Ecauses loss of P wave
23Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is:
- A10 - 30 ml
- B30 - 50 ml
- C50 - 70 ml
- D70 - 100 ml
- E100 - 130 ml
24Local metabolic control is most important in determining flow to the:
- Askin
- Blungs
- Cskeletal muscles
- Dkidneys
- Eliver
25The atrial component of ventricular filling is:
- A5%
- B10%
- C30%
- D50%
- E80%
26The lowest intrinsic discharge activity resides in the:
- ASA node
- BAV node
- CBundle branches
- DPurkinje fibers
- EVentricular fibers
27Slowest conduction (velocity) occurs in the:
- AAtrium
- BAV node
- CBundle of His
- DPurkinje fibers
- EVentricular muscle
28Which one of the following causes vasodilatation:
- ATXA2
- BSerotonin (5-HT)
- CEndothelin
- DNeuropeptide Y
- EVIP
29The highest oxygen extraction is found in the:
- Acarotid body
- Bheart
- Ckidneys
- Dbrain
- Elungs
30The fastest conduction velocity is found in the:
- ASA node
- BAtrial muscle
- CAV-node
- DBundle of His
- EVentricular conduction system (Purkinje system)
31Oxygen consumption at rest is the highest in the:
- Abrain
- Bheart
- Cliver
- Dkidneys
- Eskeletal muscles
32Coronary blood flow is:
- Adominant in the left coronary artery in 60% of people
- Bbetter supply to subendocardium during systole
- Cbetter supply to subendocardium during diastole
- Dbetter supply to left ventricle during systole
- Eleft > right during systole
33The velocity of blood flow is greatest in:
- Acapillaries
- Bpulmonary vein during diastole
- Csmall arteries
- Dinferior vena cava
- Ethe aorta
34Arterial baroreceptor afferents:
- Areach the spinal cord via sympathetic nerves
- Butilize glycine as a neurotransmitter
- Cprimary synapse in C1 area of the medulla
- Dactivate GABA inhibitory interneurons
- Eexcite autonomic efferents in the anterolateral horn
35Isovolumetric contraction is associated with:
- Aimmediate increase in heart rate due to cardiac sympathetics
- Bcardiac output increased/unchanged
- Cincreased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic blood pressure
- Ddoes not work
- Edecrease stroke volume
36Baroreceptors are not located in:
- Acarotid sinus
- Bcarotid body
- Cright atrium
- Daortic arch
- Elarge veins
37The volume of blood is the greatest in the:
- Asystemic capillaries
- Blarge veins
- Csmall arteries
- Dthe liver
- Ethe lungs
38The standard ECG setting is:
- Aspeed 50 mm.s-1 50 mm/mv
- Bspeed so mm.s-1 25 mm/mV
- Cspeed 25 mm.s-1 25 mm/mV
- Dspeed 25 mm.s-1 50 mm/mV
- Enone of the above
39Long term control of tissue blood flow includes:
- Aadenosine
- Bnitric oxide
- Cchange in tissue vascularity
- Doxygen tension at the precapillary sphincter
- Ealdosterone
40Turbulence is more likely with:
- Asmall tube diameter
- Bhigh density fluid
- Cincreased tube length
- Dincreased viscosity
- Enone of the above
41The following would directly increase heart rate
- Asympathetic stimulation
- Bparasympathetic stimulation
- Cdecreased blood pressure
- Db, and c
- Enone of the above
42At any given time the largest amount of blood in the body is carried by:
- Aveins
- Bcapillary beds
- Carterioles
- Daorta
- Evena cava
43The pacemaker of the heart is:
- AAV node
- BPurkinje fibers
- CAV bundle
- DSA node
- ENone of the above
44The T wave in an ECG indicates:
- AResting potential
- BAtrial depolarization
- CSA node excitation
- DVentricle repolarization
- EPurkinje excitation
45End diastolic volume in human is about
- A140 ml
- B50 ml
- C70 ml
- D100ml
- E200ml
46Major functions of the lymphatic system are?
- Aprovide route for return of extracellular fluid
- Bact as drain off for inflammatory response
- Crender surveillance, recognition , and protection against foreign materials via lymphocytes, phagocytes, and antibodies
- Da, and c
- Ea, b, and c
47Blood pressure is the measure of:
- Apressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
- Bpressure exerted by the blood on the arteries
- Cpressure exerted by the blood on the veins
- Dpressure exerted by the blood on the aorta
- Enone of the above
48Systolic Pressure is:
- Aan average of 120 mm Hg
- Blowers steadily during ventricle systole
- Cthe highest when blood is being pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta
- Dan average of 80 mm Hg
- Ea, and c
49The working myocardium:
- Ais a functional syncitium
- Bis comprised of cells whose cytoplasm communicates
- Cplays the role of pacemaker of the heart
- Dis comprised of cells, connected by structures that impede the ion flow
- Ereacts to threshold irritants with different number of excited fibers
50The heart rate at rest is:
- A100 - 140 beats.min-1
- B40 - 60 beats.min-1
- Capproximately 50 beats.min-1
- D60-90 beats.min-1
- E20-40 beats.min-1
51The full compensatory pause is typical of:
- Athe atrial extrasystoles only
- Bboth the atrial and the ventricular extrasystoles
- Cthe ventricular extrasystoles only
- Dextrasystoles during atrial fibrillation
- Eextrasystoles during atrial flutter
52The duration of the cardiac cycle depends on:
- Astroke volume
- Bthe time one systole to occur
- Cthe time one diastole to occur
- Dthe heart rate
- Ethe cardiac paused
53The rhythm of the heart is determined by:
- Athe bundle of His
- Bthe atrioventricular node
- Cthe sinus node
- Dthe Purkinje fibers
- Ethe Ieft and right bundle branches
54The increased heart rate is called:
- Atachipnoe
- Bbradycardia
- Catrial fibrillation
- Datrial flutter
- Etachycardia
55When the rhythm is determined by the AV node, the heart rate is:
- A60-90 beats.min-1
- B20-40 beats.min-1
- Capproximately 75 beats.min-1
- D40-60 beats.min-1
- E8-120 beats.min-1
56Automaticity is characteristic of:
- Athe cardiac muscle only
- Bthe striated muscles
- Csome neurons and smooth muscle cells
- Dall excitable tissues
- Ethe smooth muscle cells only
57The action potential of the cardiomyocytes passes through:
- Aslow depolarization and quick repolarization
- Brapid depolarization and slow repolarlzation
- Cquick de- and repolarizations
- Dslow de- and repolarizations
- Eperiod of current electrical activity, expressed as slow waves and spike potentials
58P wave of the electrocardiogram reflects:
- Arepolarization of the atria
- Bdepolarization of the ventricles
- Cdepolarization of the atria
- Dhyperpolarization of the atria
- Ethe time necessary for the impulse originating in SA. node to reach the Purkinje fibers
59Asynchronic contraction of the ventricles:
- Ais a phase of the ventricular systole
- Bis a phase of the ventricular diastole
- Cbegins with closing the S.L. valves
- Dbegins with opening the S.L. valves
- Ebegins with opening the A.V. valves
60In the complete atriovenrticular block:
- Athe conductivity at the bundle of His is fully interrupted
- Bthere is a complete independence of the atrial and ventricular ECG stages
- Cthe atrial waves indicate normal heart rate, but the rate of ventricular ones is 20-40 beats.min-1
- Dthe duration of PQ interval is 0.12-0.20 s
- Ea, b, and c
61The stroke volume of the heart at rest is:
- A60 - 90 beats.min-1
- Bapproximately 70 ml
- C5.2 l
- D0.500 I
- E100-140 mmHg
62The electrical axes of the heart is determined by:
- Athe vectorial sum of QRS complexes in the standard leads
- Bthe vectorial sum of QRS complexes in the precordial leads
- Cthe vector's direction of the electrical forces of the ventricular muscle tissue
- Dthe supine or straight position of the body
- Ethe vector's direction of the electrical forces of the atrial muscle tissue
63The augmented unipolar leads are
- A1st, 2nd and 3rd
- BaVR, aVL and aVF
- Canswers a, and b
- DV1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6
- Eb, and d
64The auscultation of the mitral valve is performed at:
- A2nd sternal intercostal space, right of the sternum
- B5th intercostal space, 2 cm inside of the medioclavicular line
- C4th sternal intercostal space, right of the sternum
- D2nd sternal intercostal space, left of the sternum
- E3rd sternal intercostal space, left of the sternum
65The phase 'plateau' of the cardiomyocytes action potentials is due to:
- Aoutflow of K+ from the cells
- Binflow of Na+ into the cells
- Cinflow of K+ into the cells
- Dslow inflow of Ca2+ into the cells
- Einflow of Na+ into the cells and outflow of K+ from the cells
66The extrasystoles are:
- Aincreased heart rate of 250-230 imp-min-1
- Bdisturbances in conductivity
- Cdisturbances in excitability
- Dextraordinary, only currently interrupting the cardiac rhythm, contractions of the cardiac muscle
- Ec, and d
67The electrical axes of the heart is of the indifferent type when the angle with the isoelectric line is:
- A+60 to +90 degrees
- B+30 to +60 degrees
- Cfrom -90 degrees upward
- D+30 to -30 degrees
- Efrom -30 degrees downwards
68Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor:
- Anorepinephrine
- Bepinephrine
- Cserotonin
- Dangioitensin II
- Ekinins
69At rest the diastolic arterial pressure is:
- A90-95 mmHg
- B140-160 mmHg
- C60-90 mmHg
- D100-140 mmHg
- E75 mmHg
70Which of the following doesn't affect blood pressure:
- Acardiac output (C.O.)
- Bminute respiratory volume
- Cviscosity of blood
- Dtotal peripheral vessel resistance
- Ethe volume of blood
71Throughout the isovolumetrtc relaxation of the ventricles:
- AA.V. valves are opened, S.L. valves - opened
- BA.V. valves are closed, S.L. valves - opened
- CA.V. valves are opened, S.L. valves - closed
- DA.V. valves are closed, S.L. valves - closed
- ENone of the above
72The first heart sound is:
- Asystolic, result of the ventricular contractions
- Bsystolic, result of the A.V. valves closing
- Csystolic, result of the S.L valves closing
- Ddiastolic, result of the A.V. valves closing
- Ea, and b
73Cardiac output (C.O.) depends on:
- Avital capacity (VC)
- Bstroke volume (SV)
- Cheart rate (HR)
- Dthe preload and afterload
- Eb, c and d
74The intracardial regulation of the heart is carried out by:
- Aintegrated reflexes
- Bneural regulatory mechanisms
- Chumoral factors
- Dadaptation to changes in venous return or resistance in the aorta
- Ethe automaticlty
75The heart stops in diastole because of:
- Aincreased level of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid
- Bincreased levels of catecholamines
- Cincreased levels of glucocorticoids
- Dincreased concentration of K+ the extracellular fluid
- Eincreased secretion of T3 and T4
76The peripheral chemoreceptors trigger:
- Apressor and depressor reflexes
- Bpressor reflexes only
- Cthe quick regulation of arterial blood pressure
- Ddepressor reflexes only
- EHering-Breuer reflex
77The pulse pressure is:
- Acloser in value to the systolic than to the diastolic pressure
- Bmean arithmetic of systolic and diastolic pressures
- Ccloser in value to the diastolic than to the systolic pressure
- Dthe difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
- Eone third of the mean arterial pressure
78The cardiovascular center is situated in:
- Ahypothalamus
- Bmesencephalon
- Cthe cortex
- Dmedulla oblongata
- EC8 - Th1-2 spinal cord segments
79In the pulmonary circulation blood leaves the:
- Aright ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
- Bright ventricle and moves to the lungs
- Cright atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle
- Dright atrium and goes directly to the lungs
- Eleft ventricle and moves to the lungs
80In the systemic circulation, blood leaves the:
- Aleft ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
- Bright ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
- Cright ventricle and moves to the lungs
- Dlungs and moves to the left atrium
- Eright atrium and goes directly to the lungs
81The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events except:
- Athe movement of impulses from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall
- Bthe closing and opening of the heart valves during each heart beat
- Cthe number of times the heart beats in one minute
- Dthe changes in pressure gradients in all chambers of the heart
- Ethe changes in blood volume in all chambers of the heart
82Which of the following chemicals does not regulate blood pressure?
- AADH
- BAtrial natriuretic peptide
- CAngiotensin II
- DNitric acid
- EEpinephrine
83Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the main function of:
- Aarterioles
- Barteries
- Cveins
- Dcapillaries
- Evenules
84Arterial blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?
- Aincreasing stroke volume
- Bincreasing heart rate
- Crising blood volume
- Dfalling blood volume
- Eall of the above
85The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body empties into the:
- Aleft atrium
- Bright atrium
- Caorta
- Dleft ventricle
- Eright ventricle
86The pacemaker of the heart is the;
- APurkinje fibers
- BThe bundle branches
- CBundle of His
- DAV node
- ESA node
87The tricuspid valve is located between the:
- Aright and left atria
- Bright and left ventricles
- Cright atrium and right ventricle
- Dleft atrium and left ventricle
- Eright ventricle and the aorta
88When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the:
- Aleft atrium into the left ventricle
- Bleft ventricle into the left atrium
- Cright atrium into the right ventricle
- Dleft ventricle into the aorta
- Eright ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
89The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardial cells are called:
- Aaortic arteries
- Bpulmonary arteries
- Cpulmonary veins
- Dcoronary veins
- Ecoronary arteries
90The myocardium functions as a functional syncytium due to:
- Athe presence of striations in the myocardium
- Bbranching of myocardlal cells
- Cthe presence of gap junctions
- Dthe presence of desmosomes
- Ehigher concentration of Ca2+
91Autorhythmic cardiac cells are found In all the following location except the:
- ASA node
- BInteratrial septum
- CPurkinje cells
- DAV node
- EHis bundle
92Coronary blood flow to the left ventricle increases during:
- Aearly systole
- Bmyocardial hypoxia
- Chypothermia
- Dstimulation of parasympathetic nerves in the heart
- EAV block
93Local metabolic activity is the chief factor determining the rate of blood flow to the:
- Aheart
- Bskin
- Cglands
- Dlung
- Ekidney
94The pressure:
- Adrop along large veins is similar to that along large arteries
- Bdrop across the hepatic penal bed is similar to that across the splenic vascular bed
- Cin the hepatic portal vein exceeds that in the inferior vena cava
- Ddrop across the vascular bed in the foot is greater when a subject is in the vertical than when he is in the horizontal position
- Ein foot veins is higher when walking than when standing still
95The second heart sound differs from the first heart sound in that it is
- Arelated to turbelence set up by valve closure
- Blonger lasting than the first sound
- Chigher in frequency
- Doccasionally in split
- Eheard when the ventricles are contracting
96Pulmonary vascular resistance is
- Ais equal to that offered by the systemic circuit
- Bdecreased when alveolar oxygen pressure fails
- Cexpressed in units of volume flow per unit time per unit pressure gradients
- Ddecreased during exercise
- Eregulated reflexvely by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves
97Veins:
- Acontain most of the blood volume
- Bhave a histaminergic vasodilator innervation
- Creceive nutrition from vas vasorum arising from their lumen
- Drespond to distension by dilation of their smooth muscle
- Edo not contain valves
98In the heart:
- Athe left atrial wall is about three times thicker than the right atrial wall
- Bsystolic contraction normally begins in the left atrium
- Cexcitation spreads directly from atrial muscle cells to ventricular muscle cells
- Datrial and ventricular muscle contracts simultaneously in systole
- Ethe contracting ventricles shorten from apex to base
99When measuring blood pressure by the auscultatory method:
- Athe sounds that are heard are generated in the heart
- Bthe cuff pressure at which the first sounds are heard indicate systolic pressure
- Cthe cuff pressure at which the loudest sounds are heard indicate diastolic pressure
- Dsystolic pressure estimations tend to be lower than those made by the palpatory method
- Ewider cuff's are required for smaller arms
100The absolute refractory period in the ventricles:
- Ais the period when the ventricles are completely still excitable
- Bcorresponds to the period of ventricular depolarization
- Ccorresponds approximately to the period of ventricular relaxation
- Dis shorter than the corresponding period in atrial muscle
- Edecreases during parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
101Vascular resistance:
- Aincreases by 50 per cent When the vascular radius is halved
- Bis related to the thickness of the wall of the vessel
- Cis related to the vessel’s length
- Dis affected by blood Hb concentration
- Eis greater in the capillary bed than in the arteriolar bed
102Sympathetic drive to the heart is increased:
- Ain exercise
- Bin relaxed position
- Cin normotension
- Dwhen parasympathetic drive is decreased
- Eduring a vasovagal attack
103Hyperaemia in skeletal muscle during exercise is normally associated with:
- Arelease of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone in the exercising muscles
- Bcapillary dilation due to relaxation of capillary smooth muscle
- Ca fall in arterial pressure
- Dreflex vasoconstriction in other vascular beds
- Ean increase in venous pressure
104Sinuatrial node cells are:
- Afound in both atria
- Binnervated by the somatic nerves
- Cunable to generate impulses when completely denervated
- Dconnected to the AV node by fine bundles of purkinje tissue
- Eable to generate impulses because their membrane potential is unstable
105The first heart sound corresponds in time with:
- Aclosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
- Bthe P wave of the electrocardiogram
- Ca decline in atrial pressure
- Da rise in ventricular pressure
- Ethe A wave in central venous pressure
106The velocity of blood flow:
- Ain capillaries is low because they offer high resistance to flow
- Bin veins is greater than in venules
- Ccan fall to zero in the ascending aorta during systole
- Dis lower towards the centre of large blood vessels than at the periphery
- Ein the circulation falls as the haematocrit falls
107The strength of contraction of left ventricular muscle increases when:
- Aend-diastolic ventricular filling pressure
- Bserum potassium levels rise
- Cblood calcium levels fall
- Dblood magnesium levels fall
- Eperipheral resistance is decreased
108During isometric ventricular contraction:
- Athe entry and exit valves of the ventricle are closed
- Bpressure in the aorta rises
- Cpressure in the atria falls
- Dleft coronary blood flow is going up
- Ethe rate of rise in pressure is greater in the right than in the left ventricle
109Cardiac output:
- Ais normally expressed as the output of one ventricle in liters/minute
- Bis about 2.0 l at rest
- Cis about 10.0 l at rest
- Drises in a cold environment
- Edoes not increase in exercise following denervatlon of the heart
110In the brachial artery:
- APulse waves travel at the same velocity as blood
- BPulse pressure falls with decreasing elasticity of the wall
- CPressure rises markedly when the artery is occluded distally
- DPressure falls when the arm is raised above head level
- EPulse pressures have a smaller amplitude than aortic pulse pressures
111Arterioles offer more resistance to flow than other vessels since they have:
- Athicker muscular walls
- Bricher sympathetic innervation
- Csmaller internal diameters
- Da smaller total cross-sectional area
- Ea greater pressure drop along their length
112In the denervated heart, left ventricular stroke work increases when:
- Athe end-diastolic length of the ventricular fibres increase
- Bperipheral resistance decreases
- Cblood volume falls
- Dright ventricular output decreases
- Ethe veins dilate
113With increasing distance from the heart, arterial:
- Awalls contain relatively more smooth muscle than elastic tissue
- Bflow has a greater tendency to be turbulent
- Cmean pressure tends to decrease slightly
- Dpulse pressure tends to increase slightly
- EpO2 falls appreciably
114In the estimation of cardiac output using the Fick principle:
- Apulmonary blood flow is measured
- Bthe pO2 of arterial and mixed venous blood are measured
- Coxygen uptake is estimated from alveolar pO2 measurements
- Dpulmonary arterial blood is sampled to measure the oxygen in venous blood
- Epulmonary venous blood is sampled to measure the oxygen in arterial blood
115Systemic hypertension may be caused by:
- Ahypoxia due to chronic respiratory failure
- Bexcessive secretion of aldosterone
- Cexcessive secretion of insulin
- Dmyocardial thickening (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle
- Ethe rapid cardiac action of ventricular fibrillation
116Peripheral differs from central circulatory failure in that:
- Ahypovolaemia is unusual
- Bit leads to underperfusion of the tissues
- Ccardiac output is usually normal
- Dcentral venous pressure is high
- Eventricular function is usually normal
117In atrial fibrillation:
- Athe electrocardlagram shows no evidence of atrial activity
- Bventricular rate is lower than atrial rate
- Crespiratory sinus arrhythmia can usually be seen
- Dthe ventricular rate is higher than atrial rate
- Ethe QRS complexes have an abnormal configuration
118Pain due to poor coronary blood flow (angina) may be relieved by:
- ACutting the parasympathetic nerve trunks supplying the heart
- BInfecting CaCl2
- CProviding the patient with a cold environment
- Dβ-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs
- EDrugs causing peripheral vasodilation
119Aortic valve incompetence may cause:
- Aincrease in arterial pulse pressure
- Bsystolic murmurs in the aortic valve area
- Chypertrophy of right ventricular muscle
- Ddecreased myocardial blood flow
- Eright ventricular failure
120Ventricular extrasystoles:
- Aare usually associated with a normal QRS complex
- Bfrom the same focus have similar QRS complexes
- Cusually occur following a compensatory pause
- Dcan‘t be detected by ECG
- Eindicate serious heart disease
121Pulmonary embolism (blood clots impacting in lung blood vessels) usually decreases:
- Apulmonary vascular resistance
- Bleft atrial pressure
- Cright atrial pressure
- Dventilation to perfusion ratios in the affected lung
- EpO2 in pulmonary venous blood
122Hardening of the arterial walls tends to raise:
- AArterial compliance
- BSystolic arterial pressure
- CDiastolic arterial pressure
- DPeripheral resistance
- EThe frequency of breathing
123Left ventricular failure tends to cause an increase in:
- Aright atrial pressure
- BIeft ventricular ejection fraction
- Cpulmonary capillary pressure
- Dlung compliance
- Epulmonary oedema when the patient stands up
124In otherwise healthy people, local tissue death follows obstruction of:
- Aan internal carotid artery
- Ba renal artery
- Ca femoral artery
- Da brachial artery
- Ethe hepatic portal vein
125The part of the circulation pumping blood to and from the lungs is known as the _____ circulation.
- Asystemic
- Bpulmonary
- Ccoronary
- Drespiratory
- Ehepatic
126The plateau phase of the action potential in contractile myocardiocytes is due to:
- Athe slow movement of Na+ across the cell membrane
- Bthe influx of Ca2+
- Cthe increased membrane permeability to K+
- Dthe increased membrane permeability to Na+
- Ea decrease in Ca2+ diffusing across membrane
127The valve between the right ventricle and the vessel that leaves it is the _____ valve.
- Atricuspid AV
- Bbicuspid AV
- Cmitral
- Dpulmonary semilunar
- Eaortic semilunar
128If the connections between the parasympathetic division of the ANS and the heart were cut, then
- Aheart rate would decrease
- Bstroke volume would decrease
- Ccardiac output would decrease
- Dheart rate would increase
- Eheart activity would remain unchanged
129Fenestrated capillaries:
- Ahave pores in their walls
- Bare located in most tissue
- Cpermit only one-way exchange of materials
- Dhave a layer of smooth muscle in their walls
- Eare found in the liver and kidneys
130Absolute refractory period in the heart:
- Acorresponds to the duration of relaxation
- Blasts till half of cardiac contraction
- Cshorter than refractory period in skeletal muscle
- Dlasts till cardiac contraction
- Elast only 10 ms
131First heart sound occurs during the period of:
- Aisometric relaxation
- Bisotonic relaxation
- Cisovolumetric contraction
- Disovolumetric relaxation
132Which of these vessels does not have sympathetic control:
- Acerebral
- Bsplanchnic
- Ccardiac
- Dcutaneous
- Emuscle
133Blood brain barrier is made up of:
- Aastrocytes
- Boligodendrocytes
- Coligodendroglia
- Dmicroglia
- Eothers
134Positive bathmotropic effect on heart is produced by:
- Astimulation of vagus nerve
- Bstimulation of sympathetic nerves
- Catropin
- Dsectioning of vagus
- EK+
135Which of the following conducting systems has the slowest conducting velocity:
- ASA node
- BAtrial muscle
- CPurkinje fibres
- DAV node
- EHiss bundle
136In heart, within physiological limits the force of contraction is directly proportional to the:
- APacemaker activity
- BAV nodal delay
- CInitial length of the cardiac muscle
- DRespiratory rate
- EST-segment
137The diacrotic notch on aortic pressure curve is caused by:
- Aclosure of mitral valve
- Bclosure of tricuspid valve
- Cclosure of atrial valve
- Dclosure of pulmonary valve
- Eopening the atrial valve
138The PR interval of ECG corresponds to:
- Aventricular repolarization
- Batrial repolarization and conduction through AV node
- Crepolarization of AV node and bundle of His
- Ddepolarization of SA node
139Increased vagal tone causes:
- Ahypertension
- Btachycardia
- Cbradycardia
- Dincrease in cardiac output
- Eincrease in stroke volume
140Which of the following is not increased during exercise;
- Astroke volume
- Btotal peripheral resistance
- Csystolic BP
- Dheart rate
- Emuscle blood flow
141Which of the following takes longest time to return to normal after 1L of blood is removed from a normal individual:
- Anumber of RBC in peripheral blood
- Bplasma volume
- Crenin secretion
- Dblood pressure
- Enumber of WBC in peripheral blood
142In a patient with mitral stenosis one would expect to hear:
- Acontinuous murmur
- Ba systolic murmur loudest over the base of heart
- Ca diastolic murmur loudest over the apex of heart
- Da diastolic murmur loudest over the base of heart
- Esystolic murmur over the apex of heart
143The ‘S' wave in ECG is below isoelectric line because of:
- Arepolarization of ventricles
- Bchange in direction of the impulse when the base of the ventricles are getting depolarised
- Cdepolarisation of apex of heart
- Drepolarisation of apex of heart
- Edepolarisation of atria
144Lymph flow from the foot is:
- Aincreased when an individual rises from the supine to standing position
- Bincreased by massaging the foot
- Cincreased when capillary permeability is decreased
- Ddecreased by exercise
- Edecreased by massaging the foot
145The "T" wave in ECG is above the isoelectric line because of:
- Adepolarisation of ventricles
- Bdepolarisation of bundle of His
- Cchange in the direction of repolarisation from the wave of depolarization of the ventricles
- Drepolarisation of purkinje fibres
- Edepolarisation of atria
146Restoration of the blood volume after haemorrhage is aided by:
- Acontraction of venous reservoirs
- Ba fall in capillary pressure in certain vascular beds
- Carteriolar vasodilation
- Dmobilization of intracellular fluid into the circulation
- Ein increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins
Information
- Description
- Quiz on Cardiovascular Syste, created by x x on 31/01/2020.
- Author
- x x
- Language
- English
- Views
- 0
- Tags
- Rating
- No ratings yet Rate this quiz