BIO 465 - CH 8

1. 1Which of the following statements about the plasticity of synapses in the mammalian CNS is false?

   1. AA variety of molecular mechanisms are involved in the different forms of synaptic plasticity.
   2. BCalcium ions play a central role in at least some forms of synaptic plasticity.
   3. CThe hallmark of both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity is that they always increase the strength of synaptic connections.
   4. DThe efficacy of synapses can be adjusted by modulated the amount of neurotransmitter that is released.
   5. EChanges in synaptic efficacy can occur over time scales ranging from milliseconds to years.
2. 2Firing an action potential in an axon initially causes a 10 mV depolarization (EPSP) in a postsynaptic neuron, but after giving a certain stimulus to the axon, firing it causes an 8 mV depolarization, after each action potential. This phenomenon is called....

   1. Aenhancement.
   2. Bdepression.
   3. Caugmentation.
   4. Dpotentiation.
   5. Efacilitation.
3. 3After firing a short burst of action potentials in an axon, researchers observe a larger EPSP in the postsynaptic cell, and this effect seems to last a few tens of milliseconds. This is most likely due to the presynaptic terminal having....

   1. Alowered calcium.
   2. Breduced sodium.
   3. Cextra magnesium.
   4. Dextra calcium.
   5. Eextra sodium.
4. 4Which of the following would not be a plausible mechanism explaining synaptic depression?

   1. AEnhancement of presynaptic sodium currents.
   2. BActivation of presynaptic potassium channels.
   3. CInhibited of presynaptic calcium channels.
   4. DDepletion of docked synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal.
   5. EDelayed replenishment of vesicles to the reserve pool.
5. 5Which of the following statements about long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia is false?

   1. AThe gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia can be enhanced by pairing a noxious stimulus with a mild touch.
   2. BThe efficacy of transmission at many synapses depends upon their history of synaptic activity.
   3. CThe tracking of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy is difficult in mammalian systems because of the complexity of mammalian brains.
   4. DGill withdrawal behavior in Aplysia can be altered for days or weeks by means of repeated pairings of shocks and touches.
   5. EAssociative learning in the Aplysia gill withdrawal reflex is relatively independent of the timing or the order in which different stimuli are applied.
6. 6Which of the following mechanisms contributes to the long-term enhancement of the gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia but is not involved in the short-term enhancement of the reflex?

   1. APhosphorylation of CREB
   2. BActivation of G-protein-coupled receptors by serotonin
   3. CActivation of adenylyl cyclase
   4. DActivation of protein kinase A
   5. EDecreased opening of potassium channels during presynaptic action potentials.
7. 7Learning and memory processes in the fruit fly Drosophila show strinking molecular overlap with analogous processes in Aplysia, in terms of their using all of the following except...

   1. ACREB gene regulation.
   2. Badenylyl cyclase.
   3. Cphosphodiesterase.
   4. Dadenylyl cyclase activating pathways.
   5. Eallosteric modulation of GABA receptors.
8. 8Which of the following was not an important factor in the discoveries made from the genetic analysis of learning and memory in fruit flies?

   1. AThe ability to behaviorally assay large numbers of animals.
   2. BDevelopment of an assay that was sensitive to learning and memory deficits.
   3. CThe ability to discriminate learning deficits from sensory and motor deficits.
   4. DDevelopment of novel apparatus to perform the behavioral assays.
   5. EAll of the above were important.
9. 9Which of the following is not part of the hippocampus?

   1. AArea CA1
   2. BArea CA3
   3. CArea MT
   4. DDentate gyrus
   5. ENone of the above; all are part of the hippocampus
10. 10Which of the following is the band of hippocampal dendrites that receives inputs from the Schaeffer collaterals?

    1. AMossy fibers
    2. BStratum radiatum
    3. CCA3 region
    4. DPerforant path
    5. ECA1 region

11. 11Which of the following statements about LPT is false?

    1. AIf one synapse (A) is very strongly stimulated (sufficient to cause LTP), and another nearby synapse (B) on the same dendrite is weakly stimulated at the same time, then the second synapse (B) will also show LTP.
    2. BThe requirement for coincident pre- and post-synaptic activity was predicted by Donald Hebb in 1949.
    3. CHippocampal LTP was first reported by Bliss and Lomo about 1970.
    4. DIf one synapse (A) is very strongly stimulated (sufficient to cause LTP), and a nearby synapse (B) on the same cell is weakly stimulated a few seconds later, then the second synapse (B) will also show LTP.
    5. ELTP involves an enhancement in synaptic efficacy that can last for hours, days, weeks, or even longer.
12. 12The type of receptor that is critical for the induction of hippocampal LTP, by virtue of its admitting calcium into a dendritic spine, is called a(n)....

    1. ANMDA receptor.
    2. Bglycine receptor.
    3. Cnoradrenergic GPCR.
    4. DAMPA receptor.
    5. Echolinergic GPCR.
13. 13The key aspect of receptor gating in the associative induction of hippocampal LTP is that...

    1. AAll of the above are key aspects of LTP induction.
    2. Bthe AMPA receptor allows calcium into the cell only after the NMDA receptor is activated.
    3. Cboth the NMDA and AMPA channels must be open in order for the cell to depolarize.
    4. Dall glutamate receptors open automatically whenever glutamate is in the synaptic cleft.
    5. Ethe NMDA receptor acts as a molecular coincidence detector.
14. 14Which statement about the mechanisms underlying hippocampal LTP induction is false?

    1. ACalcium may trigger the release of a retrograde messenger that enhances transmitter release from the presynaptic termal.
    2. BCalcium decreases a resting leak current of sodium so that the postsynaptic cell is closer to threshold and therefore fires more easily.
    3. CAn influx of calcium triggers two or more intracellular processes in the postsynaptic dendritic spine.
    4. DCalcium may activate CaM kinase II in such a way that it switches to a long-term 'on' state.
    5. ECalcium may activate a signaling cascade that causes the insertion of glutamate receptors into the postsynaptic membrane.
15. 15Silent synapses are 'silent' because they...

    1. Ahave no presynaptic terminal.
    2. Bhave AMPA receptors but no NMDA receptors.
    3. Chave NMDA receptors but no AMPA receptors.
    4. Dlack voltage-gated sodium channels.
    5. Eare continuously inhibited and so cannot be activated.
16. 16Which of the following mechanisms used in hippocampal LTD is not part of the hippocampal LTP mechanism?

    1. AHistory-dependent modification of synaptic efficacy.
    2. BNMDA receptor activation.
    3. CCalcium influx.
    4. DCalcium-dependent activation of protein phosphates.
    5. EAll of the above are used in both LTD and LTP.
17. 17The targets of the phosphatases activated during hippocampal LTD are....

    1. Asynaptic vesicle regulatory proteins.
    2. Bpostsynaptic signaling pathways.
    3. Cvoltage-gated ion channels.
    4. Dligand-gated ion channels.
    5. Eunknown.
18. 18Cerebellar LTD depends upon...

    1. Asynergist actions of sodium and IP3 on internal calcium release channels.
    2. Bactivation of AMPA receptors by voltage-gated ion channels.
    3. Csynergistic actions of calcium and IP3 on internal calcium release channels.
    4. Dbinding of IP3 to clathrin to activate endocytosis.
    5. Ecalcium-dependent insertion of GABA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane.
19. 19Which of the following observations would demonstrate the spike timing-dependent plasticity of synapses?

    1. AA rhythmic pattern of spike-EPSP-spike-EPSP, at 40 ms intervals, produces maximal LTP.
    2. BLTD occurs whenever an action potential follows an EPSP.
    3. CLTP occurs whenever an action potential precedes an EPSP.
    4. DSwitching the relative timing of action potential and EPSP by as little as 20 ms can switch the response from LTD to LTP, or visa-versa.
    5. EWhether or not LTP occurs depends on the specific temporal pattern of action potentials.
20. 20In the context of neuropathological activity, the phenomenon of kindling refers to....

    1. Athe ability to induce LTP in the amygdala and other brain regions in live animals.
    2. Bsmall burns made in cortex by an electrical stimulating electrode.
    3. Cchaotic patterns of neural activity resembling the flame of a candle.
    4. Dthe phenomenon whereby a single, strong electrical pulse can evoke a full-blown seizure.
    5. Ethe ability of daily administration of a weak, low-amplitude train of electrical pulses to gradually evoke larger and larger behavioral responses.

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BIO 465 Quiz on BIO 465 - CH 8, created by Olivia Feagles on 10/03/2015.

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