Quiz
RDA2 - Qualitative Research
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Questions in this quiz (111)
1What does the term 'epistemology' mean ?
- AThe theory or philosophy of knowledge, what we can know, and how we can know it, what counts as knowledge
- BReports experiences, meanings and the reality of participants
- CExamines the ways in which events, realities, meanings and experiences are the effects of a range of discourses operating within society
- DMeaning and experience are socially produced and reproduced, rather than inhering within individuals
2What does ontology mean?
- AThe theory/philosophy of being and the world, or the nature of reality. How things truly are
- BThe theory or philosophy of knowledge, what we can know, and how we can know it, what counts as knowledge
- CExamines the ways in which events, realities, meanings and experiences are the effects of a range of discourses operating within society
3What are the three broad epistemological frameworks underpinning qualitative research?
- APositivism, Critical Realism, Social Constructionism
- BPositivism, Social Constructionism, Contextualism
- CCritical Realism, Contextualism, Essentialism
- DCritical Realism, Essentialism, Social Constructionism
4What does critical realism mean?
- AAssumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experiences and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests
- BSees the truth as revealed through observation and experimentation
- CA framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and if we observe it properly, we can discover the reality of the world
- DSees the world as produced through language, representation and other social processes, rather than discovered.
5What does positivism mean?
- ASees the truth as revealed through observation and experimentation
- BSees the world as produced through language, representation and other social processes, rather than discovered.
- CA framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and if we observe it properly, we can discover the reality of the world
- DAssumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experiences and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests
6What does social constructionism mean?
- AAssumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experiences and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests
- BA framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and if we observe it properly, we can discover the reality of the world
- CSees the world as produced through language, representation and other social processes, rather than discovered.
- DExamines the ways in which events, realities, meanings and experiences are the effects of a range of discourses operating within society
7What type of knowledge does qualitative research aim to generate?
- AMeaning and understanding
- BStatistics and numbers
- CUnderstanding peoples perspectives
8Which of the following are methods of data collection in qualitative research?
- AInterviews and focus groups
- BDiaries
- CStory completion tasks and vignettes
- DObservation
9Which of the following are types of data analysis in qualitative research?
- AThematic Analysis
- BInterpretative-Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
- CDiscourse Analysis
- DNarrative Analysis
- EGrounded Theory
- FConversation Analysis
10What does qualitative research use to guide studies?
- AHypotheses
- BResearch Questions
- CAims and objectives
11What does reflexivity mean?
- AThe researcher in producing knowledge and the process of critically reflecting on the content and the process of the knowledge we produce
- BThe researcher focuses on meanings that lie under the data surface
- CAnalysis is shaped by researchers theoretical assumptions, disciplinary knowledge, research training, prior research experiences and personal and political standpoints.
12Which of the following are sources of secondary or naturally occurring data?
- AMedia - newspapers, magazines ect
- BInternet
- COfficial Documents
- DInformation Leaflets
13Qualitative research do not have hypothesis
- ATrue - they are testing a theory
- BFalse - they are not testing a theory
14Research questions cannot change throughout the research process
- ATrue
- BFalse
15What are the aims of a research question?
- ADescribe
- BPredict
- CExplain
16What does ontology mean?
- AConcerned with the nature of knowledge and different methods of gaining knowledge
- BConcerned with what is true or real and the nature of reality.
17What does epistemology mean?
- AConcerned with the nature of knowledge and different methods of gaining knowledge
- BConcerned with what is true or real and the nature of reality
18What do realists believe?
- AThere is some correspondence between the world and how it is represented / talked about.
- BHow we see the world is constructed and that what is real for us is what has become customary for any particular human society in history.
19What do relativists believe?
- AThat how we see the world is constructed and that what is real for us is what has become customary for any particular human society in history.
- BThere is some correspondence between the world and how it is represented / talked about.
20Which of the following does this describe: Interest in understanding ‘truth’, but acknowledgement that there is no single truth / reality
- AContextualism
- BEmpiricist
- CConstructionist
21What does subjective refer to?
- AA particular point of view
- BA view that fits the group best
- CThe view of the many
22Which of the following does this describe: a section in reports that serves to inform the reader about the authors standpoint, interests and experiences that could influence data
- AReflexivity
- BEpistemology
- COntology
23Which of the following is not a method of sampling?
- AConvenience sampling
- BSnowball sampling
- CHomogenous sampling
- DStratification
- EMinimum hetronormity
24What is a qualitative survey?
- AA series of open ended questions
- BStand alone method or can be used along side other methods
25Which of the following are reasons to choose a survey?
- ACan be used to pilot something out first
- BLittle pre-existing research on topic
- CMore practical than an interview if there are a small number of questions
- DAnonymity in relation to sensitive subjects
26Which of the following is not a strength of qualitative surveys?
- AUseful for collecting individual views, opinions and experiences
- BCollects data from lots of participants quickly
- CData has more depth to them
- DCan access geographically dispersed participants
27Which of the following is not a weakness of qualitative surveys?
- ALess anonymous than other methods
- BThreatening for participants with low literacy skills
- CLess organic than interviews and focus groups
- DSensitive information might not be revealed
28Which of the following does this describe: typically used when there are thought to be barriers to verbal or written self-report
- AObservation
- BVignette
- CStory-completion task
29Which of the following is not a strength of story completion tasks?
- AUseful for sensitive and morally complex topics
- BAn indirect way of accessing people's views and perspectives
- CCan access assumptions and hidden meanings
- DData is more transparent than self report data
30Which of the following is not a weakness of story completion tasks?
- AData can be less transparent and harder to analyse than self report data
- BThere is a gap between story and reality
- CArtificial
- DCan't collect data from as many participants
31Which of the following does this describe: stimulations of real events depicting hypothetical situations, often involving a dilemma
- AVignettes
- BStory completion tasks
- CFocus groups
32Which of the following is not a strength of vignettes?
- ANon-personal and so less threatening
- BProvide a way of asking questions that are both concrete and distanced from personal experience
- CA way to access assumptions and ‘hidden’ meanings
- DData is more transparent than self-report methods
33Which of the following is not a weakness of vignettes?
- ALess accessible to people with low literacy skills
- BGap between vignette and reality
- CData is less transparent and harder to analyse than self report methods
- DDoes not allow exploration of peoples personal opinions
34Which of the following is the correct name for the beginning sentences in vignettes?
- AStory stem
- BStory scenario
- CStory cue
35Which of the following are the correct definitions of the types of interviews?
- AStructured: All questions predetermined by researcher
Unstructured:A list of themes / topics with focus on conversational flow
Semi structured: A list of questions that the researcher uses as a basis for discussing the topic - BStructured: A list of questions that the researcher uses as a basis for discussing the topic
Unstructured:All questions predetermined by researcher
Semi structured: A list of themes / topics with focus on conversational flow - CStructured: A list of themes / topics with focus on conversational flow
Unstructured: A list of questions that the researcher uses as a basis for discussing the topic
Semi structured: All questions predetermined by researcher
- AStructured: All questions predetermined by researcher
36Which of the following research methods is this the aim of: get participants to speak about their thoughts, feelings, experiences of the world and how they account for/explain particular phenomena
- AInterviews
- BVignettes
- CStory-completion tasks
37What does the term dual relationships mean in interviewing?
- AInterviewing people you know
- BInterviewing strangers at the same time
- CInterviewing two people who know each other
- DInterviewing across difference
38Which of the following describe focus groups?
- AA moderate, unstructured discussion focused around a topic
- BParticipants interact with each other and the moderator
- CCollective discussion
39What is an essentialist approach to focus groups?
- AUnderlying assumption of the existence of ‘reality’ or ‘truth’ that can be accessed through a focus group
- BUnderlying assumption that focus groups cannot provide a ‘transparent window on reality’
40What is a constructionist approach to focus groups?
- AUnderlying assumption that focus groups cannot provide a ‘transparent window on reality’
- BUnderlying assumption of the existence of ‘reality’ or ‘truth’ that can be accessed through a focus group
41Which of the following is not a strength of focus groups?
- AGood for gathering new knowledge about under-explored issues
- BReduces the power and control of the researcher
- CGather diverse opinions and experiences at the same time
- DAllows in depth follow up of individuals views or experiences
42Which of the following is not a weakness of focus groups?
- ADoes not allow for in depth follow up of individual views or experiences
- BThe presence of other people may lead to social desirability from participants
- CCan easily get off topic and is hard to bring back to topic
- DReduces the power and control of the researcher
43In what circumstances should deception take place?
- AIn all studies to get an accurate response from participants
- BWhen the researchers objectives provides justification for deceiving participants
- CIn no circumstances
- DWhen there is information the participant cannot know about the study at any point
44Debriefing should happen if there is additional information that participants must know to decide whether their consent still stands
- ATrue
- BFalse
45What does this describe: using participant codes (not birthdays or initials) or pseudonyms to ensure it cannot be traced back to them
- AConfidentiality
- BAnonymity
- CData protection
46What does this describe: – if published participants contribution must not be recognisable as theirs
- AConfidentiality
- BAnonymity
- CData protection
47What does this describe: All consent forms / audio recordings / hard copy data / electronic data / demographic information should be stored securely and participants should know who will have access to these records
- AConfidentiality
- BAnonymity
- CData protection
48What are the six phases of thematic analysis?
- AFamiliarisation
- BInitial coding
- CSearching for themes
- DReviewing themes
- EDefining and name themes
- FProducing report
- GAnalyse codes
- HReflexive
49Which of the following can thematic analysis be used to analyse?
- AInterviews
- BFocus groups
- CQualitative surveys
- DDiaries
50Which of the following does this describe: ‘reality’ exists independently of human ways of knowing about it
- ARealist
- BRelativist
- CCritical realist
51Which of the following does this describe: ‘reality’ is entirely dependant on human interpretation and knowledge
- ARealist
- BRelativist
- CCritical realist
52Which of the following does this describe: a real and knowable world that sits behind the subjective and socially-located knowledge a research can access – always looking at it through a particular lens
- ARealist
- BRelativist
- CCritical realist
53Which of the following does this describe: analysis grounded in the data, rather than existing theories and concepts
- AInductive ta
- BDeductive ta
- CSemantic ta
- DLatent ta
54What does the following describe: views data through a theoretical lens so that existing theoretical concepts inform coding and theme development and analysis moves beyond the obvious meanings in the data
- AInductive ta
- BDeductive ta
- CSemantic ta
- DLatent ta
55What does the following describe: focuses on the surface meaning of the data, the things that are explicitly stated
- AInductive ta
- BDeductive ta
- CSemantic ta
- DLatent ta
56What does the following describe: focuses on meanings that lie under the data surface
- AInductive ta
- BDeductive ta
- CSemantic ta
- DLatent ta
57What does this describe: analysis that aims primarily to summarize and describe patterned meaning in the data
- ADescriptive ta
- BInterpretative ta
- CLatent ta
- DDeductive ta
58What does the following describe: goes beyond description, to decipher the deeper meanings in the data and interpret their importance
- ADescriptive ta
- BInterpretative ta
- CLatent ta
- DSemantic ta
59What does IPA stand for?
- AInterpretive Phenomenological Analysis
- BInterpretive Phenomenon Analysis
- CInductive Phenomenological Analysis
- DInductive Phenomenon Analysis
60What is IPA?
- AInterested in personal perception or account of an experience
- BInterested about the social construction of 'reality'
- CInterested in the reality that is out there waiting to be accessed
- DInterested in the experiences of a particular group
61How many participant numbers does IPA usually use?
- ASmall - 1-8
- BMedium - 15-40
- C1 participant
- DAny number of participants
62Which are the correct definitions of ontology and epistemology?
- AOntology - perspectives on the nature of reality
Epistemology - relationship between the knower and the known - BOntology - relationship between the knower and the known
Epistemology - perspectives on the nature of reality
- AOntology - perspectives on the nature of reality
63Which of the following is not an epistemological framework?
- APositivism
- BPost positivism
- CContextualism
- DConstructionism
- ECriticalist
64A stronger realist position describes ..
- APositivism
- BPost-positivism
- CContextualism
- DConstructionism
65Still in search for ‘objective’ realities but do accept that their ‘values’ play a role in theorising and findings describes ..
- APositivism
- BPost-positivism
- CConstructionism
- DContextualism
66Move away from controlling interacting variables to exploring relationship between individual and context describes ..
- APositivism
- BPost-positivism
- CContextualism
- DConstructionism
67What did Saussure argue?
- AMeaning doesn't reside in words or things but is produced within a language, in the relationships between words
- BMeaning resides in words and things, it is not produced within a language or in the relationship between words
68What does Foucault suggest?
- AWords aren't just labels for things out there in the world. Instead objects are constructed and regulated in discourse and discourses are therefore about power
- BWords are just for labelling things out there in the world. Objects are not just constructed and regulated in discourse.
69What does Derrida suggest?
- AText is a site of violence where binary opposites – man/women, black/white, etc – are constructed. But only one of these terms is privileged, seen as ‘normal’ or ‘ideal’.
- BWords aren’t just labels for things out there in the world. Objects are constructed and regulated in discourse and discourses are therefore about power
70What type of analysis is about analysing talk and text to explore things like experiences and versions of reality?
- AThematic analysis
- BDiscourse analysis
- CInterpretative phenomenological analysis
- DConversation analysis
71Which of the following is not an aim of discourse analysis?
- ATo explore how particular topics, issues, objects etc. are discursively constructed in a particular set of accounts
- BTo find an objective truth ‘behind’ the text
- CTo map out the multiple, often contradictory, constructions of a particular object and the relationships between these constructions
- DTo analyse the functions of resources articulated in text
72What does construction in discourse analysis mean?
- AAway from attention to psychological interiority of participants
- BObjects of study constructed in multiple ways
- CThe socio-political significance of making things mean
73What does variation mean in discourse analysis?
- AAway from attention to psychology interiority of participants
- BObjects of study constructed in multiple ways
- CMaking things mean in a social-political way
74What type of analysis is often a to and fro process, rather than a linear progression from one stage to the next
- ADiscourse analysis
- BThematic analysis
- CInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis
- DConversation analysis
75What type of discourse analysis is concerned with how things are discursively constructed and the power relations and politics of these constructions
- ACritical and Foucauldian da
- BDiscursive psychology da
76What type of discourse analysis is concerned with rhetorical aspects of talk and what is done in talk and how it is done?
- ACritical and Foucauldian da
- BDiscursive psychology da
77Which of the following are discourse analytical approaches
- AFocus on talk/text as object of their analysis
- BTake a critical epistemology
- CAlways other possible ‘versions of reality’
- DLocate their analysis in macro and/or micro contexts
78Why is the criticism 'not using representative samples' in qualitative research not necessarily valid?
- AWould not be able to analyse in depth a statistically significant sample
- BLooking for consistency would impair foci on processes of change and discursive variability
79Which of the following are criticisms of qualitative approaches?
- ANot using representative samples
- BNot developing reliable measures
- CNot producing replicable outcomes
- DNot presenting objective findings
80Which of the following are clarifying criteria in qualitative research?
- APositivist criteria should be adopted for qualitative research
- BDistinct criteria should be established
- CAll predetermined criteria should be rejected
81Which of the following are characteristics of good qualitative research?
- AA. Sensitivity to context
- BB. Commitment and rigour
- CC. Transparency and coherence
- DD. Impact and importance
- EAll of the above
- FOnly A and C
82Which of the following rules and exceptions does this describe: Identify existing research and locate the current study in relation to it
- AGrounding
- BCoherence
- CAccessibility
83Which of the following rules and exceptions does this describe: The argument ideally moves from point to point to arrive at conclusions
- AGrounding
- BCoherence
- CAccessibility
84Which of the following rules and exceptions does this describe: In the presentation of the research
- AGrounding
- BCoherence
- CAccessibility
85There is no such thing as a perfect method
- ATrue
- BFalse
86What is at the centre of participatory approaches and methods?
- APower
- BPeople
- CEthics
- DQ
87What are the three faces of power?
- AVisible power
- BHidden power
- CInvisible power
- DObvious power
88The three faces of power:
First face - [blank_start]visible[blank_end] power
Second face - [blank_start]hidden[blank_end] power
Third face - [blank_start]invisible[blank_end] power- Avisible
- Bhidden
- Cinvisible
- Dinvisible
- Ehidden
- Fvisible
- Ginvisible
- Hvisible
- Ihidden
89Which of the following describes participatory?
- AWe work with people who we believe are capable of investigating their own social realities
- BWe try to make sense of , or interpret what we see and hear
- CWe are engaged in the search for ‘truth’ and ‘facts’
90Which of the following does this describe: involve the participants/community the research is about as active members of the research, even as co-researchers
- AParticipatory
- BPositivism
- CPostmodernism
- DPurposive
91Which of the following should participatory methods do?
- ADiffuse power
- BBe accessible
- CPromote community perspectives
- DGive the community total control
92Interviews are likely to tick participatory boxes on their own
- ATrue
- BFalse
93Should a qualitative research question be focused or unfocused?
- AFocused
- BUnfocused
94Which of the following does this describe: a position which assumes the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experiences and research
- ARealism
- BRelativism
- COntology
- DEpistemology
95Which of the following does this describe: a theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities rather than a single knowable reality
- ARealism
- BRelativism
- CEpistemology
- DOntology
96Which of the following does this describe: theoretical framework that rejects a single ultimate truth, it sees the world and what we know of it as produced through language, representation and other social processes
- ASocial constructionism
- BContextualism
- CPositivism
- DRealism
97Which of the following does this describe: peoples sense of themselves, their ways of being in and relating to the world
- ASubjectivity
- BIntegrity
- CSocial constructionism
- DPositivism
98Which of the following does this describe: concerned with critical reflection on the research, both as process and as practice. Acknowledges the role of the researcher in the production of knowledge
- AReflexivity
- BSubjectivity
- CRelativism
- DContextualism
99Which of the following does this describe: involves selecting participants or data based on the basis that they will have certain characteristics or experiences
- APurposive sampling
- BPositioning sampling
- CRelativist sampling
100What does this describe: the process of examining data, identifying and noting aspects that relate to your RQ
- ACoding
- BAnalysing
- CConstructing
- DEvaluating
101What does this describe: using two or more data sources, methods or researchers to try to gain a fuller or multi-faceted understanding of a topic
- ATriangulation
- BTransparency
- CCredibility
- DCoherence
102Is this big or small q research: the use of quali methods of data collection within a positivist or essentialist paradigm
- ASmall q
- BBig q
103Is this big or small q research: the application of quali methods of data collection and analysis within a quali paradigm, rather than a positivist one
- ABig q
- BSmall q
104A defining feature of Big Q research is:
- AA tendency to use mixed methods designs
- BThe conversion of qualitative data to numerical data
- CA recognition that there are multiple versions of reality
- DA focus on testing theory
105The aim of a social constructionist approach is to...
- AFocus on the way in which people talk about the world
- BObtain knowledge about the world
- CGather information about how phenomena are experienced by individuals
- DStudy social and psychological processes
106A homogenous focus group is where:
- AThe participants share key features
- BThe group is pre-existing and made up of friends
- CThe participants have a stake in the subject matter
- DThe participants do not have any particular commitment in relation to the subject matter
107Which one of these is NOT true of qualitative surveys?
- AThey are useful for collecting individual views, opinions and experiences
- BThe data collected is often as deep as data collected via face-to-face methods of data collection
- CThey are well suited to researching sensitive topics
- DYou can analyse the data using thematic analysis, IPA, and pattern based forms of discourse analysis
108Which of the following is typically NOT part of phenomenological research?
- AExploring the experiential world of participants
- BInvestigating material and social structures and their impact on experience
- CAttending to the multiplicity of perspectives of the same event
- DForegrounding subjectivity
109A discourse is best defined as...
- Atalk and text
- Ba social practice
- Ca socially and historically specific way of making meaning
- Dall of these
110In participatory research, which of the following is NOT on Roger Hart’s ladder of young people’s participation?
- AConsulted and informed
- BDecoration
- CTokenism
- DVisible power
111Qualitative research engages with concerns over validity in a number of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?
- AParticipants are free to question and correct the researcher’s assumptions
- BResearchers can control for extraneous variables by using standardized questionnaires
- CResearchers can obtain feedback on their study’s findings from participants
- DThe practice of reflexivity ensures that the researcher continuously reviews their role in the research
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- Quiz on RDA2 - Qualitative Research, created by Tina M on 01/05/2020.
- Author
- Tina M
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- English
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- Created on 1 May 2020 · updated on 6 May 2020
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