Quiz
Contemporary Lab Skills - Tissue Culture and Centrifugation
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Questions in this quiz (70)
1Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?
- AMicroorganisms
- BAnimal
- CHuman
- DFungi
- EPlant
- FCells derived from tissues
2Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?
- AMicroorganisms
- BCells derived from tissues
- CAnimals
- DHumans
- EFungi
- FPlants
3Cells in a [blank_start]determined[blank_end] state remain the same after differentiating. [blank_start]Most[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Cells in a [blank_start]plastic[blank_end] state are changing, usually before they differentiate. [blank_start]Stem[blank_end] cells are in this state.- Adetermined
- Bplastic
- Cmobile
- Dstatic
- Eplastic
- Fdetermined
- Gmobile
- Hstatic
- IMost
- JStem
- KStem
- LMost
4List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive.
[blank_start]Level 4[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 3[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 2[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 1[blank_end]- ALevel 4
- BLevel 3
- CLevel 2
- DLevel 1
5Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.
- ALeast restrictive
- BWorried about contamination of the culture
- CMost restrictive
- DWorried about containment of culture agents
- EWorried about exposure of workers
- FNon-pathogenic
- GExtremely pathogenic
6Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.
- AMost restrictive
- BExtremely pathogenic
- CWorried about contamination of culture
- DWorried about containment of culture agents
- EWorried about exposure of workers
- FLeast restrictive
- GNon-pathogenic
7As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.
- ATrue
- BFalse
8Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.
- ATrue
- BFalse
9Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?
- ALevel 4
- BLevel 3
- CLevel 2
- DLevel 1
10Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.
- ATrue
- BFalse
11List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted.
[blank_start]Laminar flow hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
[blank_start]Containment hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
Front shield
Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation
[blank_start]Glove box[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange
[blank_start]Culture room[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange- ALaminar flow hood
- BContainment hood
- CGlove box
- DCulture room
- EAlternate Dimension
- FHand box
- GAir hood
- HAir conditioning vents
12The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to [blank_start]121[blank_end] degrees C at [blank_start]15[blank_end] psi for [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes.
- A121
- B115
- C21
- D15
- E15
- F21
- G115
- H121
- I15
- J10
- K20
- L25
- M30
14Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?
- ASyringe filters
- BVacuum filtration systems
- CAir filtration systems
- DUltraviolet (UV) irradiation
- EGravity filters
- FAutoclave
15Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?
- APenetrating
- BUsed for single-use, disposable items
- CPerformed by manufacturer
- DNon-penetrating
- EPerformed by worker
- FUsed for various lab practices
16Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?
- APenetrating
- BUsed for single-use, disposable items
- CPerformed by manufacturer
- DNon-penetrating
- EPerformed by worker
- FUsed for various lab practices
17Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Liquid media is also known as
- Abroth
- Bsoup
- Csmart water
19Which of the following are examples of liquid media?
- AC source
- BN source
- COsmotica
- DAgar dissolved in liquid media
20Which of the following are examples of solid media?
- AAgar dissolved in liquid media
- BC source
- CN source
- DOsmotica
21Culture Containers
[blank_start]Liquid Media[blank_end]:
tubes
flask
bottles
[blank_start]Solid Media[blank_end]:
plates
tubes
magenta boxes- ALiquid Media
- BSolid Media
22Which of these is an example of physical cell release?
- Ashaking
- Benzymatic
23Kelly attempted to cultivate individual bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with agar. However, when the culture had finished incubating, the colonies were in dense streaks throughout the plate with no colony isolation. Determine which step she most likely missed when streaking.
Kelly: "I collected a sample from the suspension using a rod, and made a streak on a side of the agar, making sure to save room for my other streaks. I immediately took my rod and ran it through the first streak once and dragging it over the agar into my second streak. I did the same thing for my third and fourth streaks."- AShe didn't sterilize her rod between streaks.
- BShe had "double-dipped," taking a sample from the suspension between each streak.
- CKelly did everything perfectly. There must have been something wrong with her equipment.
24Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments?
(Choose 3)- ADisinfectants
- BEthanol
- CIncinerator
- DFlame (Bunsen burner/alcohol lamp)
- EHeated glass beads
25Which of the following are valid incubation conditions?
- ATemperature
- BAgitation
- CAeration
- DLight/Dark
- EPressure
26Plants are usually incubated in __________ conditions.
- ALight/Dark
- BAgitation
- CAeration
- DTemperature
27Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses
[blank_start]Long-term storage[blank_end]
-80 degrees C (freezer)
-177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen)
[blank_start]Glycerol stocks[blank_end]
50% glycerol
Prevents cell death
[blank_start]Freeze/thaw cycles[blank_end]
Cell death
Scrape surface- ALong-term storage
- BGlycerol stocks
- CFreeze/thaw cycles
28Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed [blank_start]off-site[blank_end] waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed [blank_start]on-site[blank_end].
- Aoff-site
- Bon-site
- Con-site
- Doff-site
29Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture?
(Choose 3)- AThe whole plant is regenerated from isolated cells or tissue
- BHigh regeneration frequency
- CCells amendable to transformation
- DLow regeneration frequency
- ECells unamendable to transformation
- FThe plant is regenerated from a seed
30Match the medium/ingredient with its description
[blank_start]Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium[blank_end]:
-plant tissue culture
[blank_start]Auxins[blank_end]:
-Required for Somatic embryo induction, Callus culture, & plantlet regeneration
-stimulates cell division/clumping, embryoid budding/clump formation, & root initiation
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
[blank_start]Cytokinins[blank_end]:
-typically required for callus culture
-sometimes promotes required for somatic embryogenesis
-promotes plantlet regeneration
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE- AMurashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium
- BAuxins
- CCytokinins
31[blank_start]Substantial[blank_end] amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at [blank_start]low[blank_end] concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.
- ASubstantial
- BMinimal
- Clow
- Dhigh
32[blank_start]Higher[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]lower[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield roots.
[blank_start]Lower[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield shoots.
Other combinations yields [blank_start]callus[blank_end].- AHigher
- BLower
- Clower
- Dhigher
- ELower
- FHigher
- Ghigher
- Hlower
- Icallus
- Jnothing
- Kwhole plant growth
33What is centrifugation typically used for?
- Aseparation of particles in a solution
- Bconverting a substance from a solid to liquid phase
- Csanitizing a solution
- Dactivating a chemical reaction
34Separation is based on:
- Acentrifugal force applied
- BSolute-solvent interactions
- Cpotential energy of the solution
- Dweight of the solute
35Centrifugal force is expressed as...
- Amultiples of gravitational force (g-force)
- BSuper spy guinea pigs (g-force)
- Cnewtons
- Ddynes
36Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use:
Bigger particles (Cells)
[blank_start]Low-speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Micro-centrifuge[blank_end]
[blank_start]HIgh-Speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Ultra-Centrifuge[blank_end]
Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)- ALow-speed
- BMicro-centrifuge
- CHIgh-Speed
- DUltra-Centrifuge
37Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why?
(Choose 3)- AHigh-Speed
- BUltra-Centrifuge
- CThe high speed of the centrifuge causes enough heat to become a hazard.
- DThe types of particles that are separated using these types of centrifuge always require refrigeration
- EMicro-Centrifuge
- FLow-speed
- GThe centrifuge is just too cool B-)
38The motion of particles during centrifugation is calculated using ___________.
- AStoke's equation
- Bthe Centrifugal Force equation
- CBarney's equation
39Stoke's equation uses which of the following to calculate the motion of particles during centrifugation?
- Abuoyancy
- Bmolecular interactions
- Call selected upon a spherical particle
- Dall selected upon a liquid solvent
- Esedimentation
40Select all that apply to sedimentation constants
- Aconstant for a given medium and particle
- Bconstant for only the given medium
- Cconstant for only the given particle
- Dderived from stoke's equations
- Eexpressed seconds (s)
- Fexpressed in Svedbergs (S)
- Gis related to molecular weight
411 Svedberg (S) = ______ seconds (s)
- A10^-13
- B10^13
- C10^-3
- D10^3
- E103
- F300
42Which of the following will calculate centrifugal force?
- ARCF = (w^2)r/g
- BRCF = 11.18r/(rpm*1000)^2
- CRCF = 11.18(w^2)r/g
- DRCF = (r^2)w/g
- ERCF = (w^2)r/(rpm*1000)^2
43label the abbreviations with their meaning in following equations for Centrifugal force.
RCF = (w^2)r/g
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm/1000)^@2
RCF = [blank_start]relative centrifugal force[blank_end]
w = [blank_start]angular velocity[blank_end]
g = [blank_start]gravitational force[blank_end]
r = [blank_start]radial distance[blank_end] of particle from axis of rotation
rpm = [blank_start]revolutions per minute[blank_end]- Arelative centrifugal force
- Brevolving centrifugal force
- Cangular velocity
- Dcentrifugal velocity
- Eangular force
- Fgravitational force
- Gradial distance
- Hradial circumference
- Irevolutions per minute
- Jradial force of motion
44When centrifuging, equivalent masses MUST lay opposite each other in the rotor. This is more critical at lower g-forces because the lower speed allows for greater imbalance.
- ATrue
- BFalse
45Why must centrifuges be balanced before use?
- Aprevent "walking" centrifuges
- Bprevent spindle damage
- Cprevent "flying" rotors
- DTrick question: a centrifuge will auto-balance
46This is a [blank_start]fixed-angle[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
- Afixed-angle
- Bswinging bucket
- Cvertical
- Dcontinuous flow
- EExcellent
- FPoor
- GGood
- HPoor
- IExcellent
- JGood
- KGood
- LExcellent
- MPoor
47This is a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Inefficient[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
- Aswinging bucket
- Bfixed-angle
- Cvertical
- Dcontinuous flow
- EInefficient
- FGood
- GAdequate
- HGood
- IInefficient
- JAdequate
- KAdequate
- LInefficient
- MGood
48This is a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
- Avertical
- Bfixed-angle
- Cswinging bucket
- Dcontinuous flow
- EPoor
- FGood
- GExcellent
- HGood
- IExcellent
- JPoor
- KExcellent
- LPoor
- MGood
49This is a [blank_start]continuous flow[blank_end] rotors.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
- Acontinuous flow
- Bfixed-angle
- Cvertical
- Dswinging bucket
- EPoor
- FExcellent
- GAdequate
- HExcellent
- IPoor
- JAdequate
- KAdequate
- LPoor
- MExcellent
50Centrifugal rotors are rated for [blank_start]maximum operating speed[blank_end]. The rating is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end] based on [blank_start]construction materials[blank_end] and [blank_start]design[blank_end].
- Amaximum operating speed
- Bsize
- Caverage operating speed
- Duser satisfaction
- Ethe manufacturer
- Fa scientific commitee
- Gconstruction materials
- Hheight
- Imaximum number of samples
- Jdesign
- Kradius
- Lbalance
51De-rating is the reduction in maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end] after a period of use. The de-rating schedule is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end]. It prolongs the useful life of the rotor, albeit at a lower maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end].
- Aspeed
- Btime
- Cfrequency
- Dthe manufacturer
- Ethe user
- Fa scientific committee
- Gspeed
- Hfrequency
- Itime
52The picture depicts [blank_start]pelleting[blank_end], which happens when using a [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor to centrifuge until the particles sediment to the bottom of the tube.
- Apelleting
- Brate zonal centrifugation
- Cisopycnic centrifugation
- Dfixed angle
- Evertical
- Fswinging bucket
- Gcontinuous flow
53[blank_start]Differential pelleting[blank_end] happens after repeating centrifugation at higher RCFs. The pellets sediment to the bottom based on size and mass
([blank_start]Nuclei[blank_end] > [blank_start]Chloroplast[blank_end] > [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end])- ADifferential pelleting
- BRate zonal centrifugation
- CIsopycnic centrifugation
- Dpelleting
- ENuclei
- FChloroplast
- GMitochondria
- HChloroplast
- INuclei
- JMitochondria
- KMitochondria
- LNuclei
- MChloroplast
54This is [blank_start]rate zonal centrifugation[blank_end], which separates particles based on mass and shape. The sample is stabilized by a [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] gradient so that sedimentations happen in layers (sedimentation constants proportional to [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end]).
A [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor is used for analytical purposes and small-scale preps, while a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is used for larger particles.
- Arate zonal centrifugation
- Bpelleting
- Cdifferential pelleting
- Disopycnic centrifugation
- Esucrose
- Fglucose
- Gmolecular weight
- Hsize
- Idensity
- Jswinging bucket
- Kvertical
- Lfixed angle
- Mcontinuous flow
- Nvertical
- Ofixed angle
- Pswinging bucket
- Qcontinuous flow
55This is [blank_start]isopycnic centrifugation[blank_end], or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In this kind of centrifugation, migration stops when particle [blank_start]density[blank_end] equals medium [blank_start]density[blank_end].
For this kind of centrifugation, a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is fast and produces high resolution. A [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor produces a high resolution, and a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor has a high capacity.
- Aisopycnic centrifugation
- Bpelleting
- Crate zonal centrifugation
- Ddifferential pelleting
- Edensity
- Fheat energy
- Gdensity
- Hheat energy
- Ivertical
- Jswinging bucket
- Kfixed angle
- Lcontinuous flow
- Mfixed angle
- Nvertical
- Oswinging bucket
- Pswinging bucket
- Qvertical
- Rfixed angle
56Label as it applies to the pictured centrifugation ([blank_start]isopycnic[blank_end]):
Typical gradients:
[blank_start]CsCl[blank_end] (most common)
[blank_start]Percoll[blank_end] (common)
[blank_start]Ca2SO4[blank_end] (occasionally)
Typical starting density = [blank_start]1.55[blank_end] CsCl/mL
Density or buoyant density (p) in CsCl
Protens = [blank_start]1.3[blank_end]
dsDNA = [blank_start]1.6-1.7[blank_end]
RNA = [blank_start]1.75-1.8[blank_end]
p is used to separate and characterize [blank_start]DNA[blank_end]
p = 1.660 + 0.098*(G + C)
where (G + C) = [blank_start]mole[blank_end] fraction
- Aisopycnic
- Bfixed angle
- Ccontinuous flow
- Dswinging bucket
- ECsCl
- FPercoll
- GCa2SO4
- HPercoll
- ICa2SO4
- JCsCl
- KCa2SO4
- LCsCl
- MPercoll
- N1.55
- O1.15
- P5.11
- Q5.51
- R1.3
- S1.16
- T1.8
- U1.6-1.7
- V1.3-1.6
- W1.75-1.8
- X1.75-1.8
- Y1.3-1.6
- Z1.6-1.7
- AADNA
- ABRNA
- ACChloroplasts
- ADmole
- AEdensity
57In plants, G + C (the mole fraction) may be too similar to separate and characterize DNA using isopycnic centrifugation. In this case, one would have to isolate the organelles to get the DNA.
- ATrue
- BFalse
58Label with the corresponding type of gradient
- ALinear Gradient
- BConcave Gradient
- CConvex Gradient
- DStep Gradient
59Which of the following are continuous density gradients?
- ALinear
- BConcave
- CConvex
- DStep
60Which type of gradient is the most common?
- ALinear
- BConcave
- CConvex
- DStep
61Which of the following would likely show a step gradient after centrifugation?
- ACells
- BOrganelles
- CChlorophyll
- DDNA
62The picture depicts a [blank_start]gradient maker[blank_end]: a [blank_start]two[blank_end]-chambered apparatus that controls the mixing of two solutions to form a gradient.
- Agradient maker
- BHamilton machine
- Cgradient chamber
- Dtwo
- Ethree
- Ffour
63Which of the following are self-forming gradients?
- ACsCl
- BCsSO4
- CPercoll
- DChlorophyll
- EHemoglobin
- FFibrinogen
64The method used to separate the supernatant from pellet with minimal cross-contamination depends on ____________.
- Athe position of the pellet
- Bthe viscosity of the supernatant
- Cthe type of container used
- Dthe density of the supernatant
- Ethe molecular weight of the pellet
65Which of these are methods of removing a supernatant?
- APour method
- BPipet method
- CPropagation method
- DResuspension method
- ESedimentation method
66Which of these are resuspension methods?
- AInversion
- BShaking
- CVortexing
- DPipet
- EPour
- FChaos
67Which of these are methods of recovering bands?
- APipet method
- BSyringe method
- CDrip method
- DFloat method
- EPour method
- FVortex method
68One way of concentrating samples is through [blank_start]precipitation[blank_end], where one centrifuges to pellet and collects the precipitate. Then one resuspends the pellet in the buffer to the desired concentration.
[blank_start]Nucleic Acids[blank_end]
- Ethanol
- Isopropanol
[blank_start]Proteins[blank_end]
- Acetone
- Ammonium sulfate
- Isopropanol
- Trichloroacetic acid- Aprecipitation
- Bspin collumns
- CNucleic Acids
- DProteins
- EProteins
- FNucleic Acids
69One way of concentrating samples is [blank_start]spin columns[blank_end], where one centrifuges a tube with 2 chambers with a [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end] cut off membrane separating the compartments. Before centrifugation, the upper chamber contains a [blank_start]dilute[blank_end] sample. The lower chamber collects the [blank_start]filtrate[blank_end] during centrifugation, while the lip surrounding the membrane collects the [blank_start]concentrated sample[blank_end] in the upper chamber.
- Aspin columns
- Bprecipitation
- Cmolecular weight
- Ddensity
- Esize selection
- Ffiltrate
- Gconcentrated sample
- Hconcentrated sample
- Ifiltrate
- Jdilute
- Kconcentrated
70To recover samples from small-volume solutions, pulse-spin the tube to accumulate liquid at the ____________ of the tube.
- Atop
- Bbottom
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- Study quiz for exam 1 in Contemporary Lab Skills
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- Jo O'Bar
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