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Applied Linguistics 2003

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Ros Agnieszka
Quiz by Ros Agnieszka, updated more than 1 year ago
Ros Agnieszka
Created by Ros Agnieszka almost 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
1. The stages of acquisition through which a learner passes in acquiring specific grammatical features such as negatives or interrogatives are referred to as
Answer
  • A order of development
  • B route of development
  • C sequence of development
  • D interlanguage

Question 2

Question
2. Which of the following is likely to appear first in the acquisition of L1 English negatives?
Answer
  • A *There no squirrel
  • B *Not a teddy bear
  • C *I not crying
  • D *No one didn’t come

Question 3

Question
3. Which of the following morphemes is likely to appear last in the acquisition of L1 English?
Answer
  • A Articles (a/the)
  • B Past irregular (went)
  • C Possessive (-‘s)
  • D Past regular (-ed)

Question 4

Question
4. Which of the following morphemes is most likely to appear first in the ‘natural order’ proposed by Krashen for L2 acquisition of English?
Answer
  • A Articles (a/the)
  • B Past irregular (went)
  • C Possessive (-‘s)
  • D Past regular (-ed)

Question 5

Question
5. According to the Critical Period Hypothesis L2 competence can only be achieved if learning
Answer
  • A commences before puberty
  • B is focused on communication
  • C takes place in the L2 setting
  • D is reinforced by formal instruction

Question 6

Question
6. Corder (1974) distinguishes three types of error according to their systematicity. Systematic errors occur when the learner
Answer
  • A is unaware of a rule in L2
  • B has discovered a wrong rule
  • C knows the correct L2 rule but uses it inconsistently
  • D knows the correct L2 rule but uses it consistently

Question 7

Question
7. One of the psycholinguistic sources of performance errors, which leads to mistakes, can be
Answer
  • A overgeneralization
  • B learning strategies
  • C communication strategies
  • D L1 transfer

Question 8

Question
8. According to Richards (1971) developmental errors occur when the learner
Answer
  • A uses elements from L1 in using L2
  • B faces processing problems
  • C has problems with complete application of rules
  • D attempts to build up hypotheses about the L2

Question 9

Question
9. Krashen (1981) claims that ‘acquired knowledge’ can only be developed when the learner
Answer
  • A is involved in formal pracctising in L2
  • B focuses on message conveyance
  • C is involved in functional practicing in L2
  • D monitors the output

Question 10

Question
10. According to most studies of learners’ errors, which of the following statements is true? (1) Transfer errors are more common in adult learners than in child learners (2) Transfer errors are more common at the lexical level of L2 than at the grammatical level.
Answer
  • A (1)
  • B (2)
  • C (1) and (2)
  • D neither (1) nor (2)

Question 11

Question
11. Selinker (1972) identified five principal cognitive processes responsible for L2 acquisition. Which of the following is not one of those mental processes?
Answer
  • A language transfer
  • B overgeneralisation
  • C transfer of training
  • D simplification

Question 12

Question
12. Which theory of SLA focuses mainly on relationship between input and L2 knowledge?
Answer
  • A The Competition Model
  • B Operating Principles Model
  • C The Variable Competence Model
  • D The Multidimentional Model

Question 13

Question
13. According to Bialystok’s view of L2 learning implicit knowledge is developed through exposure to communicative language use and is facilitated by the strategy of
Answer
  • A formal practicing
  • B inferencing
  • C functional practicing
  • D monitoring

Question 14

Question
14. Central to this model is the idea of form-function mapping. Any one form (e.g. word order) may realize a number of functions (e.g. agent). The learner’s task is to discover the particularmappings that characterize the target language. The theory is referred to as
Answer
  • A The Competition Model
  • B Operating Principles Model
  • C The Variable Competence Model
  • D The Multidimensional Model

Question 15

Question
15. Conscious application of rules in order to understand or produce the second language is described as the strategy of
Answer
  • A deduction
  • B induciton
  • C inferencing
  • D resourcing

Question 16

Question
16. ”The Boeing 747 or jumbo, as it is called, is a very large jet, manufactured or made by an American company, a firm in USA.” This sentence illustrates the process of foreigner talk
Answer
  • A expansion
  • B simplification
  • C elaboration
  • D regularization

Question 17

Question
17. English is primarily a right-branching language (i.e. nouns are post-modified) while Chinese is left-branching. Which of the following hypotheses is true (according to Schachter 1974)? (1) Chinese learners of L2 English may avoid using relative clauses. (2) Chinese learners of L2 English may overproduce simple sentences.
Answer
  • A (1)
  • B (2)
  • C (1) and (2)
  • D neither (1) nor (2)

Question 18

Question
18. In the hierarchy of learning difficulties (Stockwell et al. 1965) the greatest difficulty is predicted to arise in case of which forms in L1 and L2?
Answer
  • A new (o - - o)
  • B coalesced (x_y --> x)
  • C absent (x - - o)
  • D split (x --> x_y)

Question 19

Question
19. Formal instruction can only promote language acquisition if the interlanguage is close to the point when the structure to be taught is acquired in the natural setting, when the learner is ‘ready’ to acquire it. This is the conclusion proposed by which theory?
Answer
  • A The teachability hypothesis
  • B The variability hypothesis
  • C The interference hypothesis
  • D The selective attention hypothesis

Question 20

Question
20. According to which theory instruction does not enable learners to fully acquire what is taught when it is taught, but prepares the way for its subsequent acquisition?
Answer
  • A The teachability hypothesis
  • B The variability hypothesis
  • C The interface hypothesis
  • D The selective attention hypothesis

Question 21

Question
21. The use of a rule belonging to an earlier stage of development is referred to as
Answer
  • A avoidance
  • B formulaic speech
  • C backsliding
  • D discourse repair

Question 22

Question
22. Chunks of language that are stored as complete or partially analysed units are called
Answer
  • A formulas
  • B developmental patterns
  • C prototypes
  • D vertical constructions

Question 23

Question
23. The process by which learners utilise discourse to help them construct structures that lie outside their competence is described as
Answer
  • A backsliding
  • B restructuring
  • C scaffolding
  • D hypothesis-testing

Question 24

Question
24. Which theory of language acquisition accepts the notion of ‘poverty of stimulus’?
Answer
  • A Behaviourist
  • B Mentalist
  • C Contrastive Analysis
  • D Neurofunctional

Question 25

Question
25. Consciousness-raising is a type of formal instruction designed to make a learner aware of
Answer
  • A the culture of the L2 speech group
  • B conscious learning strategies use
  • C specific linguistic features
  • D the process of controlled memorisation

Question 26

Question
26. Hypothesis formation consists basically of the two procedures:
Answer
  • A transfer and overgeneralisation
  • B receptive and prooductive processing
  • C formal and functional practice
  • D simplification and inferencing

Question 27

Question
27. Which theory explains SLA in terms of the degree of social and psychological distance between a learner and the target language group?
Answer
  • A Accommodation Model
  • B Discourse Theory
  • C The Prototypicality Theory
  • D Neuroofuntional Theory

Question 28

Question
28. Studies of variability in interlanguage are based on
Answer
  • A homogeneous competence
  • B linguistic competence
  • C heterogeneous competence
  • D socio-pragmatic competence

Question 29

Question
29. Studies of systematic variability in interlanguage are focused on the role of
Answer
  • A individual learner differences
  • B linguistic and situational context
  • C input modifications
  • D performance errors

Question 30

Question
30. The term interlanguage is also described as
Answer
  • A communicative competence
  • B transitional competence
  • C idiosyncratic competence
  • D approximative competence

Question 31

Question
31. In this process learners replace their native language with L2, fail to develop full competence in L1 or lose what they have acquired in L1. This type of bilingualism is called
Answer
  • A monolingualism
  • B additive
  • C semilingualism
  • D subtractive

Question 32

Question
32. The process by which speakers make their speech similar to their interlocutors’ speech is referred to as
Answer
  • A accumultration
  • B assimilation
  • C accommodation
  • D convergence

Question 33

Question
33. Which of the following distinctions refers to the two kinds of learning ability?
Answer
  • A BICS/CALP
  • B linguistic intuition
  • C intelligence
  • D language processing capacity

Question 34

Question
34. According to Oller (1978) the general factor of language proficiency is identical with
Answer
  • A FL aptitude
  • B linguistic intuition
  • C intelligence
  • D language processing capacity

Question 35

Question
35. Errors that arise in learner language due to the nature of formal instruction are called
Answer
  • A global errors
  • B induced errors
  • C overt errors
  • D intralingual errors

Question 36

Question
36. Learners use communication strategies in order to
Answer
  • A form L2 hypothesis
  • B internalise L2 knowledge
  • C employ existing L2 knowledge
  • D compensate for inadequate L2 knowledge

Question 37

Question
37. The process of carrying over previous knowledge or performance to subsequent learning situations is described as
Answer
  • A transfer
  • B matrix reactivation
  • C interference
  • D parallel distribution

Question 38

Question
38. The vernacular is the style in which
Answer
  • A learner uses the most complex linguistic forms
  • B the learner uses the least complex linguistic forms
  • C maximum attention is given to monitoring speech
  • D minimum attention is given to monitoring speech

Question 39

Question
39. Language used by native speakers while communicating with L2 learners is referred to as
Answer
  • A caretaker talk
  • B foreigner talk
  • C modified discourse
  • D native style

Question 40

Question
40. Language used by non-native speakers while communicating with other L2 learners in a FL classroom is referred to as
Answer
  • A classroom interaction
  • B idiosyncratic dialect
  • C interlanguage
  • D peer talk

Question 41

Question
41. Formulaic speech utterances that are partly unanalysed and have open slots are called
Answer
  • A indicatiors
  • B scripts
  • C patterns
  • D variants

Question 42

Question
42. Learners who feel disconnected from their own speech group and the L2 group experience
Answer
  • A anomie
  • B divergence
  • C anxiety
  • D inhibition

Question 43

Question
43. The core grammar of every language consists of rules that
Answer
  • A are constrained by Universal Grammar
  • B have been taken from other languages
  • C are not constrained by Universal Grammar
  • D are derived from the history of the language

Question 44

Question
44. Learners who rely on other people, need the teacher’s directions and explanations, like structured learning environment (Willing 1987) are said to prefer
Answer
  • A concrete learning style
  • B authority-oriented learning style
  • C analytic learnng style
  • D commmunicative learning

Question 45

Question
45. Learners who prefer FL teaching methods based on active experience, e.g. hands-on learning as in building models (Willing 1987), are said to be
Answer
  • A extroverted learners
  • B kinaestetic learners
  • C emphatetic learners
  • D tactile learner

Question 46

Question
46. Motivation that derives from the learner’s inherent interest in the learning task is called
Answer
  • A integrative
  • B intrinsic
  • C instrumental
  • D resultative

Question 47

Question
47. In the study of individual learner differences ‘a permanent predisposition to be anxious’ (Scovel 1978) is defined as
Answer
  • A debilitating anxiety
  • B sitation-specific anxiety
  • C state anxiety
  • D trait anxiety

Question 48

Question
48. Ellis (1994:612), claims that learner-centred formal instruction concentrates mainly on
Answer
  • A learner-instruction matching
  • B strategy learning
  • C selected aspects of language (e.g. grammar)
  • D developing communicative competence

Question 49

Question
49. Focus on forms refers to instruction that
Answer
  • A aims at teaching integrated skills
  • B is basedon communicative syllabus
  • C isolates linguistic forms to teach them one at a time
  • D combines a focus on form and a focus on meaning

Question 50

Question
50. The ‘zero option’ advocates
Answer
  • A providing learners with adequate input containging examples from which they can infer the rule
  • B providing learners with linguistic rules, but in isolation from the context in which they are used
  • C teaching the language, not about the language (no difficult grammatical terms or definitions)
  • D abandoning any type formal teaching presented in a deductive, inductive, or functional way
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