Quiz
Soils Final
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Questions in this quiz (61)
1which of the following does the soil provide to improve plant growth?
- APhysical support for plant roots
- Bmoderates temperature change
- CContains higher oxygen than found in the earth's atmosphere
- Dstores nutrients for the plant to use
2The least weathered horizon in a soil that forms in place would be a
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DO
3Which of the following statements would be true when comparing topsoil to subsoil
- Asubsoil is more fertile than topsoil
- Bsubsoil has a greater water holding capacity than topsoil
- CTopsoil tends to have more organic matter than subsoil
- Dtopsoil tends to contain the majority of the roots from the plant
4A soil particle that is described as follows would be called _____. "A soil particle that is smooth and is moldable or plastic and usually sticky when wet"
- ASand
- BSilt
- Cclay
- Dloam
5Which of the following statements about organic matter would be true
- AAs organic matter increases, soil color will darken
- BAs organic matter increases, soil structure decreases
- CAs organic matter decreases, soil texture will be changed
- DOrganic matter in KY is usually 1-3% in topsoil
6Organic matter will influence which of the following soil physical properties
- AStructure
- Btexture
- Ccolor
- Dorganism growth
7which of the following statements would be true of a soil in this area that has a grey color?
- AIt is waterlogged part of the year
- BIt contains reduced iron
- Cit contains oxidized iron
- Dit is a subsoil
8Soils that contain the mineral hematite would likely be which color if well oxidized
- ABlack/dark brown
- Btan
- Cred
- Dgrey
9The brightness or intensity of a color is referred to as it _________?
- AHue
- BValue
- Cchroma
- Dcolor
10In the Munsel soil color 2.5YR 4/3, the hue would be
- A2.5 YR
- B4
- C3
- D4/3
11The amount of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample is called soil _______.
- AStructure
- Bcolor
- Ctexture
- Dhorizon
12Which of the following parent materials are definitely found in KY?
- AResidual
- BGlacial
- CEolian
- DAlluvial
13Loess soils are an example of ________ parents material.
- AResidual
- Bglacial
- Ceolian
- Dalluvial
14Which of the following are roles of animals within the soil?
- AMixes the soil
- BBiochemically weathers the soil profile
- Cassists in nutrient recycling
- Dassists in aggregate stability
15In general, the ridge soils of this region come from _______ while the depression regions come from ________.
- AShale; Limestone
- BSandstone; limestone
- Cshale; sandstone
- Dlimestone; sandstone
16Which of the following statements about topography are true?
- ASouth-facing slopes in the northern hemisphere are warmer
- Bnorth-facing slopes in the northern hemisphere are warmer
- Cwater content will differ based on the aspect of the slope
- Dvegetation will differ based on the aspect of the slope
17A chronosequence is a group of soils that are similar in every soil forming factor except for ___.
- AParent material
- Bclimate
- Cbiota
- Dtime
18Which of the following parent materials involves deposition by some form of water
- Acolluvial
- Balluvium
- Clacustrine
- Dloess
19A ______ horizon is one that had the max amount of leaching or eluviation of clay, iron, or aluminum oxide
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DE
20A layer that forms approx. parallel to the soil surface is called a ___________.
- Aprofile
- Bhorizon
- Cstructure
- Dtexture
21If a soil horizon is listed as a BA horizon, which of the following statements would be true?
- AIt has more properties of the A horizon than the B horizon
- BIt has more properties of the B horizon than the A horizon
- CIt is a transitional horizon
- Dit has a lithological discontinuity
22which of the following statements would be true if a horizon was described as 2Btx1
- AIt has formed from a 2nd parent material
- Bit is a horizon that accumulated silicate clay
- Cit has a grey or gley color
- Dit is weakly developed
23Which soil structure is commonly found in the A horizon of the soil? (just one not a multiple select)
- AGranular
- Bsubangular blocky
- Cangular blocky
- Dprismatic
24List at least 4 of the 5 major functions of soils. Briefly describe this function
[blank_start]Growth medium[blank_end] - provides plants with a [blank_start]place to grow and get nutrients[blank_end]
[blank_start]Controls water movement[blank_end] - [blank_start]stores and supplies water[blank_end]
[blank_start]habitat for organisms[blank_end] - [blank_start]microorgs[blank_end] and others are [blank_start]given nutrients[blank_end]
[blank_start]recycles matter[blank_end] - lots of [blank_start]decomposition[blank_end]
[blank_start]engineering medium[blank_end] - can be used [blank_start]to build with or build on[blank_end]- AGrowth medium
- Bplace to grow and get nutrients
- CControls water movement
- Dstores and supplies water
- Ehabitat for organisms
- Fmicroorgs
- Ggiven nutrients
- Hrecycles matter
- Idecomposition
- Jengineering medium
- Kto build with or build on
25List 4 of the 5 soil forming factors
[blank_start]topography[blank_end], [blank_start]time[blank_end], [blank_start]parents materials[blank_end], [blank_start]climate[blank_end]- Atopography
- Btime
- Cparents materials
- Dclimate
26define the term soil
A [blank_start]naturally[blank_end] occurring, [blank_start]constantly changing[blank_end] entity that is [blank_start]formed[blank_end] by the [blank_start]five soil forming factors[blank_end]- Anaturally
- Bconstantly changing
- Cformed
- Dfive soil forming factors
27[blank_start]Eolian[blank_end] - transported by wind
[blank_start]colluvial[blank_end] - transported by gravity
[blank_start]residual[blank_end] - formed in place from rock
[blank_start]marine[blank_end] - deposited by oceans
[blank_start]alluvial[blank_end] - transported by rivers
[blank_start]glacial[blank_end] - deposited by ice
[blank_start]lacustrine[blank_end] deposited by a lake
[blank_start]organic[blank_end] - accumulated plant debris- AEolian
- Bcolluvial
- Cresidual
- Dmarine
- Ealluvial
- Fglacial
- Glucustrine
- Horganic
- Ieolian
- Jcolluvial
- Kresidual
- Lmarine
- Malluvial
- Nglacial
- Olacustrine
- Porganic
- Qalluvial
- Rlacustrine
- Sorgainc
- Tmarine
- Uresidual
- Vcolluvial
- Wlacustrine
- Xresidual
- Ycolluvial
- Zmarine
- AAeolian
- ABorganic
- ACalluvial
- ADresidual
- AEeolian
- AForganic
- AGlacustrine
- AHglacial
- AIorganic
- AJresidual
- AKeolian
- ALlacustrine
- AMlacustrine
- ANalluvial
- AOmarine
- APglacial
- AQeolian
- ARresidual
- ASorganic
- ATmarine
- AUeolian
- AVlacustrine
- AWglacial
- AXresidual
28[blank_start]Mollic[blank_end] - Mineral surface horizon that is dark, thick, soft, and has a base saturation of >50% at the surface
[blank_start]Umbric[blank_end] - Mineral surface horizon that is dark, thick, soft and has a base saturation of <50% at the surface
[blank_start]Ochric[blank_end] - Mineral deposit that is close to being called a default
[blank_start]Argillic[blank_end] - Accumulation of high-activity silicate clays that moved downward or formed in place
[blank_start]Albic[blank_end] - Lightly colored eluvial horizon that is low in clay, and Fe or Al oxides
[blank_start]Fragipan[blank_end] - A dense impermeable layer- AMollic
- BUmbric
- COchric
- DArgillic
- EAlbic
- FFragipan
- GUmbric
- HMollic
- IOchric
- JArgillic
- KAlbic
- LFragipan
- MOchric
- NMollic
- OUmbric
- PArgillic
- QAlbic
- RFragipan
- SArgillic
- TMollic
- UUmbric
- VOchric
- WAlbic
- XFragipan
- YAlbic
- ZMollic
- AAUmbric
- ABOchric
- ACArgillic
- ADFragipan
- AEFragipan
- AFMollic
- AGUmbric
- AHOchric
- AIArgillic
- AJAlbic
29Sandy soils usually have which of the following?
- AMore total pore space
- BMore macropore space
- CMore micropore space
- Dhave a higher bulk density in natural conditions than clayey soils
30Which of the following are types of channel erosion
- Asheet
- Binternal
- CGully
- Drills
31In the USLE equation, the factor that is called the soil erodibility factor is
- AR
- BK
- CC
- DP
32The presence of soil sealing or crusting would lead to a(n) _____________in infiltration rate.
- Aincrease
- Bdecrease
- Cwould have no effect
33Tillage that leaves at least 30% residue at the soil surface is called
- AConventional tillage
- BConservation tillage
- CNo-till
- DAll would meet that criteria
34Having crop residues on the soil surface accomplishes which of the following?
- AProtects the soil from raindrop imapact
- BAllows new seeds to be planted easier
- Cslows runoff across the soil
- Dlessens erosion rates overall
35Which of the following statements would be true?
- Aerosion rates would be less in a coarse-textured soil
- Berosion rates would be greater in a coarse-textured soil
- Cerosion rates would be less in a fine-textured soil
- Derosion rates would be greater in a fine-textured soil
36The greater the amount of vegetation on the soil the __________ erosion that will occur
- Agreater
- Bequal
- Clesser
- Dvegetation does not influence erosion losses
37which of the following would be influenced by erosion
- Ayield potential
- Bwater holding capacity
- Corganic matter content
- Dincreases infiltration rate
38Which of the following reasons explain why productivity is lost due to erosion
- Areduced topsoil depth
- Breduced distance to restrictive layer
- Creduced rooting zone depth
- Dloss of sandy materials
39Which of the following are potential problems created by sediment losses
- Adecreased water quality
- Bclogging of waterways
- Closs of aquatic habitat
- Dloss of plant nutrients
40The _______ potential is the attraction of water for solutes or salts
- AMatric
- BOsmotic
- CGravitational
- DPressure
41The __________ potential is only seen at high elevations
- AMatric
- BOsmotic
- CGravitational
- DPressure
42The matric potential moves water from ______ to ______ SWP and from ______ to ______ soil
- AHigh;low - wet;dry
- Blow;high - wet;dry
- Chigh;low - dry;wet
- Dlow;high - dry;wet
43The osmotic potential is only significant here when we add water through irrigation
- ATrue
- BFalse
44Water in the _______ pore space moves and drains in response to gravity only
- AMacro
- BMicro
- CNeither A nor B
- Dboth A and B
45At field capacity, which statements are true about soil water pores?
- Aall macropores are filled
- Ball macropores are drained
- Call micropores are filled
- Dall micropores are drained
46Water found at a SWP of 0 to -33 that freely drains in response to gravity is called
- Aavailable
- Bgravitational
- Cpressure
- Dmatric
47At permanent wilting point, which soil holds the largest volume of total water
- Asand
- Bsilt
- Cclay
- Dall would be equal
48As organic matter content increases in a soil, the water holding capacity of that soil will ______
- Aincrease
- Bdecrease
- Cremain unchanged
49Stronger soil structure will lead to ______ water holding capacity of a soil
- Aincreased
- Bdecreased
- Cno change
50Unsaturated water flow in soils is controlled by the ____ potential
- AMatric
- BOsmotic
- CGravitational
- DPressure
51Saturated flow in soil is controlled by the _______ potential
- AMatric
- BOsmotic
- CGravitational
- DPressure
52Movement of water through the soil profile is called _______
- AInfiltration
- Bpercolation
- Cgravitational
- Ddeep
53Which of the following influence the rate of infiltration
- ASoil texture
- BSoil structure
- Corganic matter content
- Damount of water already in the soil
54Which potential is responsible for the "wicking" of water from the saturated zone to the unsaturated zone in the soil
- AMatric
- BOsmotic
- CGravitational
- DPressure
55Most water uptake in plants occurs by _______ absorption
- APassive
- BActive
56Which of the following are general properties of the water molecule
- AIt's a polar molecule
- Bit's able to dissolve salts
- CHas N bonds
- Dhas a high specific heat
57The more negative the soil water potential, the __________ tightly water is held by the soil
- Amore
- Bless
58The highest rate of percolation would occur in which one of the following soil settings
- Asandy texture, good structure
- Bsilty texture, poor structure
- Cclay loam texture, poor structure
- Dclay loam textures, good structure
59Name three benefits of using conservation tillage
[blank_start]less labor needed[blank_end], [blank_start]less compaction of soil[blank_end], [blank_start]machinery wont degrade as fast[blank_end]- Aless labor needed
- Bless compaction of soil
- Cmachinery wont degrade as fast
60A soil loss of 4.3 tons/acre/year is not sustainable because while it may not seem like much the [blank_start]loss[blank_end] is at a much [blank_start]greater rate[blank_end] than the [blank_start]restoration[blank_end]. Soils takes hundreds of years [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to [blank_start]form[blank_end] than to [blank_start]erode[blank_end]
- Aloss
- Bgreater rate
- Crestoration
- Dlonger
- Eform
- Ferode
61List the 3 principles of erosion control. List the practice that would aid for each
[blank_start]reducing water impact[blank_end] - [blank_start]cover crops[blank_end]
[blank_start]decreasing water runoff[blank_end] - [blank_start]conservation[blank_end] tillage (more soil residue slows velocity)
[blank_start]increasing soil residue[blank_end] - adding [blank_start]organic matter[blank_end]- Areducing water impact
- Bdecreasing water runoff
- Cincreasing soil residue
- Dcover crops
- Econservation
- Forganic matter
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- Description
- Quiz on Soils Final, created by Ella Haley on 09/12/2021.
- Author
- Ella Haley
- Language
- English
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