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Chapter 4: Endocrine system

Emilyn Yapp 20 questions

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Questions in this quiz (20)

  1. 12 major types of communication:

    1. [blank_start]Neural[blank_end] communication
    -[blank_start]electrical[blank_end] / [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] signaling
    -between [blank_start]neurons[blank_end] and [blank_start]target cells[blank_end]
    -via [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end]
    -[blank_start]short[blank_end] distance
    -[blank_start]fast[blank_end] response time
    -[blank_start]internal[blank_end] and [blank_start]external[blank_end] environment targeted

    2. [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end] communication
    -[blank_start]chemical[blank_end] signaling
    -between [blank_start]blood[blank_end] / [blank_start]lymph[blank_end] and [blank_start]target cells[blank_end]
    -via [blank_start]hormones[blank_end]
    -[blank_start]long[blank_end] distance
    -[blank_start]slow[blank_end] response time
    -[blank_start]internal[blank_end] environment targeted
    1. ANeural
    2. Belectrical
    3. Cchemical
    4. Dneurons
    5. Etarget cells
    6. Fneurotransmitters
    7. Gshort
    8. Hfast
    9. Iinternal
    10. Jexternal
    11. KEndocrine
    12. Lchemical
    13. Mblood
    14. Nlymph
    15. Otarget cells
    16. Phormones
    17. Qlong
    18. Rslow
    19. Sinternal
  2. 23 types of hormone secretions:

    1. [blank_start]Humoral[blank_end] stimuli
    -control of hormone release in response to changes in [blank_start]ECF[blank_end]
    -responds to [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] changes (ion, nutrients) in the [blank_start]extracellular fluid[blank_end] (ECF)
    -eg. changes in [blank_start]blood glucose level[blank_end]

    2. [blank_start]Hormonal[blank_end] stimuli
    -the release of [blank_start]hormones[blank_end] in response to another [blank_start]hormone[blank_end]
    -eg. hormones released by [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end] stimulates [blank_start]gonads[blank_end] to release hormones

    3. [blank_start]Neural[blank_end] stimuli
    -signals by nervous system ([blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] nerves) release hormones (adrenaline/cortisol)
    -eg. [blank_start]fight-or-flight[blank_end] response

    4. [blank_start]Feedback[blank_end] mechanism
    -controls hormone levels by [blank_start]stimulating[blank_end] or [blank_start]halting[blank_end] production of more hormones
    -eg. when estrogen level is [blank_start]moderate[blank_end], [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback mechanism [blank_start]halts[blank_end] release of more estrogen
    1. AHumoral
    2. BHormonal
    3. CNeural
    4. DECF
    5. Echemical
    6. Fextracellular fluid
    7. Gblood glucose level
    8. Hhormone
    9. Ihormones
    10. Janterior pituitary gland
    11. Kgonads
    12. Lsympathetic
    13. Mfight-or-flight
    14. NFeedback
    15. Ostimulating
    16. Phalting
    17. Qmoderate
    18. R-ve
    19. Shalts
  3. 3[blank_start]Circulating[blank_end] hormones
    - circulate in blood throughout whole body

    [blank_start]Local[blank_end] hormones
    -[blank_start]paracrine[blank_end] - act on neighbouring cells (eg. [blank_start]gastrin[blank_end])
    -[blank_start]autocrine[blank_end] - act on the same cell that secreted them
    1. ACirculating
    2. BLocal
    3. Cparacrine
    4. Dgastrin
    5. Eautocrine
  4. 4HPA Axis
    -b[blank_start]lood pressure[blank_end]
    -s[blank_start]tress response[blank_end]
    -d[blank_start]igestion[blank_end]
    -s[blank_start]exuality[blank_end]

    STRESS comes
    1. activates [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] to activate [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] response (vaso[blank_start]constriction[blank_end] in d[blank_start]igestive[blank_end] and e[blank_start]ndocrine[blank_end] system / vaso[blank_start]dilation[blank_end] in m[blank_start]uscles[blank_end] for release of [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end] for [blank_start]fight or flight[blank_end] response) and [blank_start]HPA[blank_end] axis
    2. [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] releases [blank_start]corticotropin releasing hormone[blank_end] (CRH) via [blank_start]hypopheseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]CRH[blank_end] binds to [blank_start]corticotrophs[blank_end] on anterior pituitary gland
    4. stimulates the release of [blank_start]andrenocorticotropic hormone[blank_end] (ACTH) to [blank_start]adrenal glands[blank_end]
    5. pituitary gland has [blank_start]fenestrated[blank_end] capillaries (holes) that allow hormones to move in and out
    6. [blank_start]adrenal glands[blank_end] secrete [blank_start]cortisol[blank_end] until stress is removed
    1. Alood pressure
    2. Btress response
    3. Cigestion
    4. Dexuality
    5. Ehypothalamus
    6. Fsympathetic
    7. Gconstriction
    8. Higestive
    9. Indocrine
    10. Jdilation
    11. Kuscles
    12. Ladrenaline
    13. Mfight or flight
    14. NHPA
    15. Ohypothalamus
    16. Pcorticotropin releasing hormone
    17. Qhypopheseal portal vein
    18. Ranterior pituitary gland
    19. SCRH
    20. Tcorticotrophs
    21. Uandrenocorticotropic hormone
    22. Vadrenal glands
    23. Wfenestrated
    24. Xadrenal glands
    25. Ycortisol
  5. 5Adrenal gland is consists of [blank_start]cortex[blank_end] and [blank_start]medulla[blank_end].

    Cortex:
    -has [blank_start]3[blank_end] layers
    -[blank_start]synthesize[blank_end] and [blank_start]secrete[blank_end] steroid hormones upon demand
    -c[blank_start]ortisol[blank_end], a[blank_start]ndrogens[blank_end], a[blank_start]ldosterone[blank_end]

    Medulla:
    -has [blank_start]1[blank_end] layer
    -stores hormones in [blank_start]secretory granules[blank_end]
    -[blank_start]catecholamines[blank_end] (epinephrine or norepinephrine)
    1. Acortex
    2. Bmedulla
    3. C3
    4. Dsynthesize
    5. Esecrete
    6. Fortisol
    7. Gndrogens
    8. Hldosterone
    9. I1
    10. Jsecretory granules
    11. Kcatecholamines
  6. 6-[blank_start]high[blank_end] stress
    -[blank_start]high[blank_end] production of cortisol
    -[blank_start]high[blank_end] availability of glucose
    -for [blank_start]cellular[blank_end] use (muscles and tissues have energy to respond)
    -to facilitate [blank_start]fight or flight[blank_end] response

    Cortisol
    -surpresses [blank_start]metabolic[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]immune[blank_end] and [blank_start]digestive[blank_end] system
    -resulting in further availabilty of [blank_start]glucose[blank_end]

    Why do you still feel the tress even after the examination is over?
    Because the stress hormones are released into the blood stream and "[blank_start]linger[blank_end]" in the body for days before it is broken down by the [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end]

    What could be the effects of prolonged stress on your body functions?
    [blank_start]Chronic[blank_end] disturbances in h[blank_start]omeostasis[blank_end]. May lead to chronic diseases.
    -cortisol causes disfunction in the brain
    -synaptic [blank_start]pruning[blank_end]
    1. Ahigh
    2. Bhigh
    3. Chigh
    4. Dcellular
    5. Efight or flight
    6. Fmetabolic
    7. Gimmune
    8. Hdigestive
    9. Iglucose
    10. Jlinger
    11. Kenzymes
    12. LChronic
    13. Momeostasis
    14. Npruning
  7. 7D - [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end]
    O - [blank_start]oxytocin[blank_end]
    S - [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end]
    E - [blank_start]endorphine[blank_end]
    1. Adopamine
    2. Boxytocin
    3. Cserotonin
    4. Dendorphine
  8. 8HPT Axis
    -[blank_start]metabolism[blank_end]
    -[blank_start]growth[blank_end] and [blank_start]development[blank_end]
    -[blank_start]catecolamine[blank_end] (epinephrine, norepineprine, dopamine) effect

    Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones , leads to [blank_start]low[blank_end] metabolic rate
    1. secretion of [blank_start]thyrotropin releasing hormones[blank_end] (TRH) via [blank_start]hypophyseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
    2. binds to [blank_start]thyrotrophs[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
    3. releases [blank_start]thyroid stimulating hormones[blank_end] to [blank_start]thyroid glands[blank_end]
    4. [blank_start]thyroid glands[blank_end] release [blank_start]thyroid hormones[blank_end], [blank_start]T3[blank_end] and [blank_start]T4[blank_end]
    5. until normal blood thyroid levels and metabolic rate are achieved

    When blood with [blank_start]low[blank_end] temperature flows through hypothalamus, stimulates HPT axis
    1. hypothalamus secretes [blank_start]thyrotropin releasing hormones[blank_end] (TRH) via [blank_start]hypopheseal veins[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
    2. binds to [blank_start]thyrotrophs[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
    3. stimulates secretion of [blank_start]thyroid stimulating hormone[blank_end] to [blank_start]thyroid gland[blank_end]
    4. releases [blank_start]thyroid hormone[blank_end], T4?
    5. enter the cells to increase [blank_start]enzyme synthesis[blank_end]
    6. increases [blank_start]glucose metabolism[blank_end]
    7. more [blank_start]ATP[blank_end] generated
    8. more [blank_start]heat[blank_end] produced
    1. Ametabolism
    2. Bgrowth
    3. Cdevelopment
    4. Dcatecolamine
    5. Elow
    6. Fthyrotropin releasing hormones
    7. Ghypophyseal portal vein
    8. Hanterior pituitary gland
    9. Ithyrotrophs
    10. Janterior pituitary glands
    11. Kthyroid stimulating hormones
    12. Lthyroid glands
    13. Mthyroid glands
    14. Nthyroid hormones
    15. OT3
    16. PT4
    17. Qlow
    18. Rthyrotropin releasing hormones
    19. Shypopheseal portal veins
    20. Tanterior pituitary glands
    21. Uthyrotrophs
    22. Vanterior pituitary glands
    23. Wthyroid stimulating hormone
    24. Xthyroid gland
    25. Ythyroid hormone
    26. Zenzyme synthesis
    27. AAglucose metabolism
    28. ABATP
    29. ACheat
  9. 9[blank_start]Hypophyseal[blank_end] portal system
    -system of b[blank_start]lood vessels[blank_end]
    -connecting [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] with [blank_start]anterior pituitary[blank_end]
    -functions to transport and exchange [blank_start]hormones[blank_end] between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
    1. AHypophyseal
    2. Blood vessels
    3. Chypothalamus
    4. Danterior pituitary
    5. Ehormones
  10. 10T3 hormone:
    -h[blank_start]eart function[blank_end]
    -b[blank_start]rain function[blank_end]
    -d[blank_start]igestion[blank_end]

    T4:
    -m[blank_start]etabolism[blank_end]
    -m[blank_start]ood[blank_end]
    -b[blank_start]ody temperature[blank_end]
    1. Aeart function
    2. Brain function
    3. Cigestion
    4. Detabolism
    5. Eood
    6. Fody temperature

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Description
Year 1 Human Physiology Quiz on Chapter 4: Endocrine system, created by Emilyn Yapp on 23/02/2022.
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