Unit 19

1. 1The kidneys are located:

   1. Aanterior to the thoracic vertebrae T1-T2
   2. Bbetween the anterior abdominal wall and the peritoneum
   3. Chypogastric region
   4. Dretroperitoneal
   5. Eright and left upper quadrants
2. 2Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

   1. Aclearing excess white blood cells into the urine
   2. Bcontrolling the concentration (osmolarity) of blood
   3. Cexcreting large proteins into the urine
   4. Dproduction of aldosterone
   5. Esecretion of glucose from the blood into the filtrate
3. 3Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

   1. Aclearing excess white blood cells into the urine
   2. Bexcreting large proteins into the urine
   3. Cproduction of aldosterone
   4. Dproduction of calcitriol and erythropoietin
   5. Esecretion of glucose from the blood into the filtrate
4. 4Which structure of the urinary system is indidcated by number 4?

   1. Arenal artery
   2. Brenal vein
   3. Cright kidney
   4. Dureter
   5. Eurethra
   6. Furinary bladder
5. 5Which structure of the urinary system is indicated by number 5?

   1. Arenal artery
   2. Brenal vein
   3. Cright kidney
   4. Dureter
   5. Eurethra
   6. Furinary bladder
6. 6Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

   1. Aclearing excess white blood cells into the urine
   2. Bexcreting ammonia, urea, bilirubin, and other wastes into the urine
   3. Cexcreting large proteins into the urine
   4. Dproduction of aldosterone
   5. Esecretion of glucose from the blood into the filtrate
7. 7The deepest region of the internal kidney contains the renal pyramids. What is this region called?

   1. Aadipose capsule
   2. Brenal capsule
   3. Crenal cortex
   4. Drenal fascia
   5. Erenal medulla
8. 8Identify number 11 in this graphic of the internal structure of the kidney:

   1. Amajor calyx
   2. Bminor calyx
   3. Cnephron
   4. Drenal artery
   5. Erenal vein
9. 9The most superficial layer of the kidney anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall. What is the name of this structure?

   1. Aadipose capsule
   2. Brenal capsule
   3. Crenal cortex
   4. Drenal fascia
   5. Erenal medulla
10. 10The functional unit of the kidney is the:

    1. Acollecting tubules
    2. Bmedulla
    3. Cnephron
    4. Drenal capsule
    5. Erenal cortex

11. 11Identify number 6 in this graphic of the internal structure of the kidney:

    1. Arenal (fibrous) capsule
    2. Brenal column
    3. Crenal medulla
    4. Drenal papilla
    5. Erenal pelvis
    6. Frenal pyramid in renal medulla
12. 12What is the middle layer of the external kidney that helps protect the kidney and maintain its position?

    1. Aadipose capsule
    2. Brenal capsule
    3. Crenal cortex
    4. Drenal fascia
    5. Erenal medula
13. 13The two components of the renal corpuscle are:

    1. Aafferent and efferent arterioles
    2. Bascending and descending loops of henle
    3. Cglomerular capsule and renal tubules
    4. Dglomerulus and glomerular capsule
    5. Erenal tubules and glomerulus
14. 14Identify number 1 in this graphic of the nephron

    1. Aafferent arteriole
    2. Bcollecting duct
    3. Cdistal convoluted tubule
    4. Dglomerular (bowman's) capsule
    5. Eproximal convoluted tubule
15. 15Identify number 5 in this graphic of the nephron

    1. Aafferent arteriole
    2. Bcollecting duct
    3. Cdistal convoluted tubule
    4. Drenal corpuscle
    5. Eproximal convoluted tubule
16. 16Fluid in the glomerular capsule is called:

    1. Ablood
    2. Bfiltrate
    3. Cplasma
    4. Dserum
    5. Eurine
17. 17Glucose in the blood passes through the glomerular filtrate. Glucose is then returned from the filtrate to the blood. This process is called:

    1. Aglomerular filtration
    2. Bglomerular reabsorption
    3. Ctubular filtration
    4. Dtubular reabsorption
    5. Etubular secretion
18. 18The filtering unit of the renal corpuscle in the:

    1. Adistal convoluted tubule
    2. Bglomerular capsule
    3. Cglomerulus
    4. Dnephron loop (loop of henle)
    5. Eproximal convoluted tubule
19. 19An obstruction in the proximal convoluted tubule decreases glomerular filtration rate because:

    1. Ablood hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus decreases when blood can't flow through the tubule
    2. Bcapsular hydrostatic pressure decreases due to leakage of more filtrate into the peritubular space
    3. Ccapsular hydrostatic pressure increases, which decreases net filtration pressure
    4. Dosmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule increases due to leakage of more proteins into the filtrate
    5. Erelease of renin decreases as fluid flow to the macula densa decreases
20. 20Which factor contributes to the efficiency of glomerular filtration? incorrect

    1. Apositive charges on the basement membrane
    2. Breduced permeability of water in the glomerular capillary
    3. Crelatively high blood pressure in the glomerulus
    4. Drelatively low blood pressure in the glomerulus
    5. Erelatively small diameter of the afferent arteriole
21. 21If the glomerular filtration rate is too high, macula densa cells ____ the release of ____ resulting in____ of the afferent arteriole

    1. Adecrease, epinephrine, vasoconstriction
    2. Bdecrease, nitric oxide, vasoconstriction
    3. Cincrease, epinephrine, vasoconstriction
    4. Dincrease, nitric oxide, vasodilation
    5. Eincrease, noradrenaline, vasoconstriction
22. 22If there were an obstruction in the renal artery, one might see:

    1. Aa decrease in the glomerular filtration rate
    2. Ban increase in the capsular hydrostatic pressure
    3. Can increase in the glomerular filtration rate
    4. Dno change in the glomerular filtration rate
23. 23Sarah conner is born with a narrowing of her right ureter causing a blockage of urine draining from the kidney. What effect, if any, will this have on her glomerular filtration rate?

    1. Aa subsequent increase in capsular hydrostatic pressure would cause a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate
    2. Bblood oncotic pressure would decrease causing a subsequent increase in the glomerular filtration rate
    3. Cglomerular filtration would be increased
    4. Dthere would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate
24. 24Under stress, sympathetic nerves to the kidneys release ____ which causes ____ of the afferent arteriole

    1. Aacetylcholine, vasodilation
    2. Bnitric oxide, vasoconstriction
    3. Cnitric oxide, vasodilation
    4. Dnorepinephrine, vasoconstriction
    5. Enorepinephrine, vasodilation
25. 25The process of tubular secretion involves

    1. Aadjusting blood pH by moving sodium ions back to the peritubular fluid
    2. Bmoving substances from the bloodstream to the glomerular filtrate
    3. Cosmotic control of waer
    4. Dremoving wastes by size
    5. Etransporting substances from the glomerular filtrate to the bloodstream
26. 26To adjust blood pH, which ion is actively secreted by the renal tubule cell into the filtrate

    1. Abicarboante ions
    2. Bcalcium ions
    3. Cchloride ions
    4. Dhydrogen ions
    5. Esodium ions
27. 27In a healthy patient, what percentage of glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

    1. A25%
    2. B50%
    3. C75%
    4. D100%
    5. Enone of the glucose is reabsorbed
28. 28Facultative reabsorption is:

    1. Aresponsible for the fate of about 80-90% of the water in the filtrate
    2. Bprimarily a function ofthe proximal convoluted tubule
    3. Cwater reabsorption under the influence of oxytocin
    4. Dwater follows solutes without hormonal influence
    5. Ewater is reabsorbed under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADHw
29. 29Which applies to obligatory reabsorption?

    1. Ait is affected by oxytocin
    2. Bit is directly controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    3. Cit is directly controlled by PTH
    4. Dit occurs in the glomerulus
    5. Eit is responsible for the fate of about 80-90% of the water in the filtrate
30. 30Which structure is impermeable to water?

    1. Acollecting ducts
    2. Bdescending limb of the nephron loop
    3. Cdistal convoluted tubule
    4. Dproximal convoluted tubule
    5. Ethick ascending limb of the nephron loop
31. 31Glomerular filtrate becomes progressively more concentrated as it flows:

    1. Adown the descending loop of henle
    2. Bdown the ureters
    3. Cdown the urethra
    4. Dup the collecting ducts
    5. Eup the ascending loop of henle
32. 32which of the following is involved in countercurrent exchange but not countercurrent multiplication? incorrect

    1. Aascending limb of the nephron loop
    2. Bdescending limb of the nephron loop
    3. Cinterstitial space
    4. Dvasa recta
33. 33The countercurrent mechanism creates the medullary concentration gradient, but ____ determines whether or not water is facultatively reabsorbed in the collecting ducts

    1. Aantidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    2. Baldosterone
    3. Cangiotensin II
    4. Drenin
34. 34Which of the following forms the external urethral sphincter?

    1. Abundles of skeletal muscle fibers
    2. Bbundles of smooth muscle fibers
    3. Cthe detrusor muscle
    4. Dtransitional epithelium
35. 35Identify the structure in the diagram labeled #1

    1. Abladder
    2. Bprostae
    3. Cpubic symphtsis
    4. Drectum
    5. Eureter
    6. Furethra
    7. Guterus
36. 36Which of the following is a primary difference between the male and female urethra?

    1. Afacilitates urine excretion
    2. Bforms part of the trigone
    3. Cthree regions
    4. Dtransports urine from the bladder
37. 37Which of the following directly contributes to the flow of urine through the ureters? incorrect

    1. Abladder secretions
    2. Bglomerular
    3. Cgravity
    4. Dlying on ones side
38. 38The distal end of the ureter attaches to the:

    1. Abladder
    2. Brenal hilus
    3. Cperitoneum
    4. Dprostate
    5. Eurethra
39. 39high levels of BUN and creatinine in the plasm are likely indicators of: incorrect

    1. Aa decreased basal metabolic rate
    2. Ba decreased glomerular filtration rate
    3. Ca reabsorption deficiency
    4. Da urinary tract infection
40. 40The presence of which of the following in the urine would indicate a possible increase in the glomerular membrane permeability? incorrect

    1. ABUN
    2. Bcalcium
    3. Cglucose
    4. Dred blood cells
    5. Esodium
41. 41The average volume of voided urine per day is:

    1. A1-2 liters
    2. B3-4 liters
    3. C4-6 liters
    4. D180 liters
42. 42Which of the following physical characteristics would likely match a urine sample collected in the afternoon hours from a patient that consumed large volumes of water?

    1. Aincreased odor
    2. Bdecreased pH
    3. Cdecreased temperature
    4. Dincreased specific gravity
    5. Eincreased volume
43. 43The majority of daily water loss is through the ____ system

    1. Adigestive
    2. Bintegumentary
    3. Clymphatic
    4. Drespiratory
    5. Eurinary
44. 44The majority of water gained by the body is:

    1. Aexhaled
    2. Bingested
    3. Cinhaled
    4. Daspirated
    5. Esynthesized
45. 45Excess water consumption and absorption might result in:

    1. Acellular shrinking
    2. Bcellular swelling
    3. Cincrease blood osmolarity
    4. Dincreased sodium concentration
46. 46Dehydration resukts from decreased:

    1. Asweating
    2. Burination
    3. Cwater input
    4. Dwater output
47. 47A bufer increases the pH of an acidic solution by:

    1. Abinding to H+
    2. Bbinding to K+
    3. Cbinding to Na+
    4. Dbinding to CH-
48. 48The respiratory system controls the blood pH regulating the level of:

    1. Acalcium
    2. BCO2
    3. CO2
    4. Dsodium
49. 49Of the following list, which is a cation that has a higher concentration extracellularly compared to intrcellularly incorrect

    1. ACa++
    2. BCI-
    3. CK+
    4. DMg++
50. 50Hyperventilation results in:

    1. Achloride loss
    2. Bchloride gain
    3. CCO2 loss
    4. DCO2 retention

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Quiz on Unit 19, created by Lauren Johansen on 28/04/2022.

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