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PSC 1 - Chapter 2 Homework

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1 Psychology 001 (Exam 1) Quiz on PSC 1 - Chapter 2 Homework, created by Olivia Tait on 15/10/2015.
Olivia Tait
Quiz by Olivia Tait, updated more than 1 year ago
Olivia Tait
Created by Olivia Tait over 8 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which of the following statements are objective?
Answer
  • The man in the drugstore fell to the floor clutching his chest, and the other customers turned in his direction when he screamed.
  • When the dinner with her husband's parents was over, she was so anxious to leave and go home that she left her coat behind.
  • During the lecture, Daren stared at the ceiling for minutes at a time, took no notes, and looked at the clock 12 times.
  • John became more agitated with Sarah the more she talked about having her mother come to stay for a week.

Question 2

Question
Which of the following statements are inferences?
Answer
  • The man in the drugstore fell to the floor clutching his chest, and the other customers turned in his direction when he screamed.
  • When the dinner with her husband's parents was over, she was so anxious to leave and go home that she left her coat behind.
  • During the lecture, Daren stared at the ceiling for minutes at a time, took no notes, and looked at the clock 12 times.
  • John became more agitated with Sarah the more she talked about having her mother come to stay for a week.

Question 3

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Scientific procedures that involve systematically and objectively observing behavior in order to describe the relationships among behaviors and events.
Answer
  • descriptive research
  • random sample
  • theory
  • hypothesis

Question 4

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? A selected segment of the population used the represent the group that is being studied that closely matches the larger group on relevant characteristics
Answer
  • hypothesis
  • representative sample
  • convenience sample
  • descriptive research

Question 5

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Research approach that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other
Answer
  • theory
  • random sample
  • experimental method
  • correlational research

Question 6

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Process in which participants are selected from the larger group such that every member has an equal chance of being included in the study
Answer
  • random sample
  • correlational research
  • theory
  • convenience sample

Question 7

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables that often generates testable questions
Answer
  • theory
  • random sample
  • descriptive research
  • hypothesis

Question 8

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Research approach that demonstrates cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating a factor thought to produce change in a second factor
Answer
  • experimental method
  • theory
  • hypothesis
  • random sample

Question 9

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? Specific, testable question or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
Answer
  • hypothesis
  • descriptive research
  • experimental method
  • random sample

Question 10

Question
What is the appropriate term for this definition? A selected segment of the population that is chosen based on situational factors, such as access or cost
Answer
  • convenience sample
  • random sample
  • theory
  • hypothesis

Question 11

Question
Which of these events are correlational studies?
Answer
  • A researcher wants to know about how people carry large items, so she sets up a hidden camera on the main quad of a large university and videotapes people at various times throughout the day.
  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.
  • A psychologist is interested in whether males or females vary in aptitude for social situations. She gives both genders a standardized, self-report survey where they describe how well they handle a variety of social settings.
  • An animal behaviorist is interested in social behavior in monkeys. He has his research team code for the percentage of time that the monkeys engage in social grooming, mating, playing, and fighting

Question 12

Question
Which of these events are descriptive/observational studies?
Answer
  • A researcher wants to know about how people carry large items, so she sets up a hidden camera on the main quad of a large university and videotapes people at various times throughout the day.
  • A psychologist wonders about the effect of strong odors on rats' willingness to explore a novel space. She places rats in an unfamiliar box that either does or does not smell strongly of peppermint, and systematically records how much each rat moves about the box.
  • An animal behaviorist is interested in social behavior in monkeys. He has his research team code for the percentage of time that the monkeys engage in social grooming, mating, playing, and fighting
  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.

Question 13

Question
Which of these events are experimental studies?
Answer
  • A researcher wants to know if the presence or absence of plants increases worker productivity. In three different office buildings, he places large houseplants in half of the cubicles at random and has supervisors evaluate the productivity of all their workers.
  • A psychologist is interested in whether males or females vary in aptitude for social situations. She gives both genders a standardized, self-report survey where they describe how well they handle a variety of social settings.
  • A psychologist wonders about the effect of strong odors on rats' willingness to explore a novel space. She places rats in an unfamiliar box that either does or does not smell strongly of peppermint, and systematically records how much each rat moves about the box.
  • A researcher wants to know about the spending habits of high-income people, so he sends out a survey to CA residents asking their income and how much money they spent last month on food, luxuries, and entertainment.

Question 14

Question
"A college professor notices that the farther away students sit from the instructor, the worse their grades in the course seem to be." Which of the following statement(s) can possibly explain this phenomenon?
Answer
  • Unmotivated students may tend to sit in the back of the room. Unmotivated students may also tend to not study for exams,leading them to do poorly.
  • Students in the back of the room may not hear the lecture well, which may be associated with poor exam scores.
  • As they're doing poorly in the class, students may be discouraged and sit in the back of the room.

Question 15

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. This study uses a(n) __________________ design.
Answer
  • experimental
  • correlational
  • descriptive/observational

Question 16

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. The independent variable in this study is ________.
Answer
  • word-pairs
  • memory
  • the placebo
  • marijuana (THC)
  • gender

Question 17

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. In this study, Group A is the [blank_start]experimental[blank_end] group and Group B is the [blank_start]control[blank_end] group.
Answer
  • experimental
  • control

Question 18

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. Participants ended up in either group A or group B on the basis of __________.
Answer
  • random assignment
  • random sampling
  • double-blind procedure
  • single-blind procedure

Question 19

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. The dependent variable is the study is _______, and was operationalized as ______________.
Answer
  • memory; the number of word-pairs participants could recall
  • the number of word-pairs participants could recall; memory
  • marijuana; which pill the participant took
  • which pill the participant took; marijuana

Question 20

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. This study's design helps minimize or eliminate which of the following problems?
Answer
  • experimenter expectancy effects
  • observer bias
  • selection bias
  • variability
  • response performance

Question 21

Question
Imagine you are a researcher interested in the effects of marijuana on memory. The study involves two groups, to which people are assigned by chance: Group A takes a pill that contains the active ingredient in cannabis, THC, while Group B are given a harmless placebo pill. Neither the people conducting the study nor the participants know who is getting the drug and who is not. After taking the pill, participants are given a long list of word pairs to learn. One hour later, they're given a memory test for the word pairs. If Group A was only tested in the morning and Group B was only tested in the afternoon, this would be a good example of ___________.
Answer
  • random assignment
  • a confound
  • an expectancy effect
  • a directionality problem

Question 22

Question
Which of these studies has a positive/direct correlation?
Answer
  • A government study reveals the more a mother smokes, the more her children are likely to exhibit behavioral problems.
  • A study on the effects of alcohol found that higher and higher doses of alcohol produced increasingly lower scores on a test of memory recall.
  • A psychologist discovers that the less control people feel they have over what happens in their work environment, the less productive they are.
  • A survey of adolescents being treated for eating disorders noted that those who watched the most TV during the week tended to receive the lowest ratings on a measure of general health.

Question 23

Question
Which of these studies has a negative/inverse correlation?
Answer
  • A government study reveals the more a mother smokes, the more her children are likely to exhibit behavioral problems.
  • A study on the effects of alcohol found that higher and higher doses of alcohol produced increasingly lower scores on a test of memory recall.
  • A psychologist discovers that the less control people feel they have over what happens in their work environment, the less productive they are.
  • A survey of adolescents being treated for eating disorders noted that those who watched the most TV during the week tended to receive the lowest ratings on a measure of general health.

Question 24

Question
A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear. When people wrote about a time they were socially rejected, they rated the teddy bear as highly desirable (Mean = 8.40, Standard Deviation = .60) whereas when people wrote about a time they went grocery shopping, their ratings of the teddy bear were more neutral (Mean = 4.79, Standard Deviation = .72). These are [blank_start]descriptive[blank_end] statistics. The mean is a measure of [blank_start]central tendency[blank_end] and the standard deviation is a measure of [blank_start]variability[blank_end]. This difference was statistically significant, t(120) = 11.20, p = .02. The t-test is an example of [blank_start]inferential[blank_end] statistics.
Answer
  • inferential
  • descriptive
  • variability
  • central tendency
  • descriptive
  • inferential
  • central tendency
  • variability

Question 25

Question
A researcher wondered if people have greater need of stuffed animals when they are feeling lonely. They assigned participants randomly to conditions where they either wrote about a recent time when they felt rejected by other people or about a recent time that they went grocery shopping. They then had participants take a product evaluation survey, where they rated the desirability of several products on a 9 point scale, with 1 as “not at all desirable”, 5 as “neutral”, and 9 as “highly desirable.” One of these products was a teddy bear. The results in the above study were statistically significant. What does this mean?
Answer
  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is practically important and meaningful.
  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is very likely to have occurred by chance.
  • The observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is not very likely to have occurred by chance.
  • It proves the observed effect (higher ratings of the teddy bear when socially rejected) is real.

Question 26

Question
the extent to which the study actually relates to the real world is [blank_start]external validity[blank_end] the extent to which a measure consistently yields the same result is [blank_start]reliability[blank_end] the extent to which a measure is free from errors [blank_start]accuracy[blank_end] the extent to which a measure actually relates to the research question [blank_start]validity[blank_end] the extent to which the study is free from confounds and systematic errors [blank_start]internal validity[blank_end]
Answer
  • internal validity
  • accuracy
  • external validity
  • reliability
  • validity
  • validity
  • reliability
  • accuracy
  • internal validity
  • external validity
  • accuracy
  • internal validity
  • validity
  • external validity
  • reliability
  • reliability
  • internal validity
  • accuracy
  • validity
  • external validity
  • external validity
  • internal validity
  • validity
  • accuracy
  • reliability

Question 27

Question
Dr. Buttercup wants to do a survey about how people's personality types relate to their favorite colors and hobbies. She wants to use horoscopes as a way of measuring personality because a person's horoscope never changes. (Horoscopes are based on birthdays.) Which statement is true?
Answer
  • Horoscopes are unreliable
  • Because horoscopes are highly reliable, they would be an appropriate and valid way to measure personality.
  • Although horoscopes may be reliable, they are not valid since research suggests horoscopes have no relation to personality.
  • Horoscopes cannot be measured accurately and should be avoided.
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