Flashcards
PA WEEK 4: Assessment of Children
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1In general, what do you need to consider when testing children?1. Establish and maintain rapport with children
2. Use effective listening and interviewing techniques appropriate for interviewing parents, children, and teachers
3. Evaluate the psychometric properties of tests
4. Select an appropriate assessment battery
5. Administer and score tests and other assessment tools by following standardised procedures
6. Observe and evaluate behaviour
7. Perform informal assessments
8. Interpret assessment results
9. Use assessment findings to develop effective interventions
10. Communicate assessment findings effectively both orally and in writing
11. Adhere to ethical standards
12. Read and interpret research in clinical and psychoeducational assessment - 2What are the differences between assessing adults and children?Vulnerable population
Practitioner should be highly competent
Rapport is essential
Check that tests are validated and normed for the age group
Observing behaviour and interactions with others, at school is very important to guide clinical judgement, less advanced language skills
sensitivity in interpretation and communication - 3Why do we assess children?guide diagnosis
determine eligibility
monitor progress - 4What are the three major externalising disorders in childhood?Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - 5What is externalising behaviour?consists of disruptive behaviour in the home or school
- 6What is internalising behaviour?consists of negative, problematic behaviours directed toward the self
- 7What are the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder?Negativistic, hostile and defiant behaviour > = 6 months
>= 4 of the following signs:
ANGRY / IRRITABLE MOOD
- Often loses temper
- Often touchy or easily annoyed
- Often angry or resentful
ARGUMENTATIVE / DEFIANT BEHAVIOUR
- Often argues with adults
- Often actively defies or refuses to comply with adults or with rules
- Often deliberately annoys people
- Often blames others for mistakes or misbehaviours
VINDICTIVENESS
- Often spiteful or vindictive - 8What are the symptoms of conduct disorder?Repetitive and persistent violations of the basic rights of others or age-appropriate societal norms or rules
> = 12 months of at least 3 of 15 criteria AND > = 1 in past 6 months:
•Aggression to people and animals
•Destruction of property
•Deceitfulness or theft
•Serious Violations of Rules - 9What are the symptoms of ADHD?Either 1 or 2.
> = 6 symptoms for > = 6 months, maladaptive and age-inappropriate,
before 12, across settings
1. Inattention (eg. poor
attention to detail, careless, sustaining attention, appears not to listen, fails to finish work)
2. Hyperactivity (fidgets, leaves seat, runs/climbs, “on the go”, talks x’sly, can’t play quietly);
impulsivity (blurts out answers, difficulty waiting, interrupts conversations) - 10What is the prevalence of ADHD?3-5% prevalence
3:1 boys to girls - 11What are the four common co-morbidities of ADHD?Oppositional defiant disorder
Conduct Disorders
Learning Disorders
Mood and anxiety disorders - 12What is ADHD?A group of chronic disorders that begin in childhood and can persist into adulthood
Common problems are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
It affects self-esteem, personal relationships, and performance at school or work - 13What are the treatments for ADHD?Psychostimulant drugs
counselling
special classroom accommodations
family and community support - 14What are the types of anxiety disorders? Separation anxiety disorder (SAD)
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
Panic disorder
Specific phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social phobia & selective mutism)
Anxiety states due to a medical disorder or drugs
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Acute stress disorder - 15What are the features of anxiety disorders?Anxiety
Intense negative emotion (apprehension, uncertainty) and fear (perceived danger)
Perceived threats/risk of harm to self or others
Hyper-arousal
Avoidance behaviour
Interpersonal constriction - 16What are the developmental features (or differences in children) of anxiety disorders?Wider range of symptoms
concern about harm to attachment figures - 17What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in childhood?Most common disorder in childhood
6 – 12% (overall prevalence)
1 in 6 have AD or sub-clinical features
girls > boys; particularly in adolescents - 18What are the most common anxiety disorders for children under 13?Separation anxiety disorder
simple phobias
mutism - 19What are the most common anxiety disorders in adolescents?Generalised anxiety disorder
panic disorder
social phobia - 20What are the common co-morbidities and risks for anxiety disorder?depression
ADHD
childhood anxiety is a risk factor for adult anxiety - 21What are some of the main genogram symbols?
- 22What are some formal (standardised) methods of assessment?Uni-dimensional (eg. Depression, anxiety scales), multi-dimensional scales (eg. CBCL; SBS; PIY)
Multiple informants
Mental status examination
Projective tests (semi-structured drawings, CAT/TAT, Rorschach)
Specialised structured interviews (DISC)
Behavioural recording techniques in natural settings (high frequency;
aggression, social withdrawal, participation) eg. interval recording, narrative recording, event recording - 23What are some informal (unstandardised) methods of assessment?Interviewing
Free drawings, wishes, dreams, play, etc. - 24What are the similarities between parent, child and adolescent interviews?Use observations
open questions
focus is the child and family
confidentiality discussed
interest, concern, empathy - 25What are the differences between parent, child and adolescent interviews?Initial anxieties need to be addressed in the child interviews
The clinician may have anxieties about a child interview
high level of rapport
balance of leading and following the child
the goal of getting to know the child to help them
child might need more prompting and checking in around emotions
ask about how they feel about the referral and their problems
find out about school, home, social, self and other
may use play equipment and structured, free, or semi-structured play
may use drawing - 26What are the major types of projective tests used for children?Three wishes
Children's apperception test (animal cards)
Thematic apperception test (human cards) - 27How useful are the projective tests for children?can provide another source of information
can show child's cognitive biases
can reveal child's perspective on the relationships in the family
not useful as a personality test, not reliable
interpretations are subjective
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- University Honours in Psychology (PA) Flashcards on PA WEEK 4: Assessment of Children, created by jfielke on 04/10/2015.
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