Quiz
Exam #1
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Questions in this quiz (101)
1The early Greek idea that the sun is located in the center of the “Universe” as it was then envision is called the:
- AGeocentric universe concept
- BHeliocentric universe concept
2The Doppler Effect, as applied to light frequency, states that as a light source (distant sun) moves away from you, the light will become bluer and shift towards a higher frequency.
- ATrue
- BFalse
3Hubble’s proposal came to be known as the:
- AContracting universe theory
- BExpanding universe theory
- CStatic universe theory
4Which of the following is a terrestrial planet?
- ASaturn
- BJupiter
- CMars
- DNeptune
- EUranus
5Which planet does not orbit in the Sun’s ecliptic plane, and is thus believed to be an errant captured moon?
- AMars
- BUranus
- CNeptune
- DPluto
- EMercury
6The earth’s inner core is believed to be [blank_start]_____________[blank_end] based on density calculations and the velocity of seismic waves.
- Asolid
7The weak zone of detachment (“slippery zone”) on which the tectonic plates move is called the:
- ACrust
- BOuter core
- CLithosphere
- DLower mantle
- EAsthenosphere
8The base of the continental crust (crust-mantle boundary) is known as the:
- AMoho
- BLow-velocity zone
- CAsthenosphere
- DTransition zone
- EOphioloite zone
9The supercontinent that existed around 250 million years ago is called:
- AAtlantis
- BPangaea
- CTrans-EuroAmerica
- DValhalla
10The theory of plate tectonics was developed:
- AAs soon as coastal maps of the "New World" were revealed by Portuguese mariners
- BIn the 1800s
- CRight after WWI
- DDuring the 1930s
- EDuring the 1950s-60s
11Collectively, which type of crust is the youngest:
- AOceanic crust
- BContinental crust
12Who developed the theory of continental drift?
- AMick Jagger
- BAlfred Wegener
- CCJ Doppler
- DHarry Hess
- EDr. Evil
13Volcanic arcs mark sites of [blank_start]subduction.[blank_end]
- Asubduction.
- Btransform faulting
- Cseafloor spreading
14Mid-ocean ridges mark sites of [blank_start]seafloor spreading[blank_end].
- Aseafloor spreading
- Bsubduction
- Ctransform faulting
15The San Andreas fault in California is the product of [blank_start]transform faulting[blank_end].
- Atransform faulting
- Bseafloor spreading
- Csubduction
16Seamounts are:
- AThe deepest of all ocean trenches
- BThe axial trough of a mid-ocean spreading ridge
- CEcho-sounding oceanographic devices used by researchers to map the seafloor
- DAnother name for the deep, flat ocean floor
- EIsolated submarine mountains
17Heat flow from the Earth’s interior to the surface would be the greatest at a(n):
- ATrench
- BMid-ocean ridge
- CAbyssal plain
- DGuyot
- ETransform
18A useful way to measure the motion of tectonic plates through time is to measure the paleomagnetism (inclination and declination) of rocks like basalt. This works because the inclination of the Earth’s magnetic field changes as a function of [blank_start]latitude.[blank_end]
- Alatitude.
19Magnetic seafloor stripes are [blank_start]_____________[blank_end] to oceanic spreading ridges.
- Aparallel
- Bperpendicular
20The Earth’s current state of magnetic polarity is called the:
- AGauss normal chron
- BGilbert reverse chron
- CBrunhes normal chron
- DMatuyama reverse chron
21The age of seafloor crust gets [blank_start]older[blank_end] with greater distance from a mid-ocean spreading ridge.
- Aolder
- Byounger
22Continental crust is [blank_start]thicker[blank_end] than oceanic crust.
- Athicker
- Bthinner
23The eastern plate boundary of North America lies:
- AAlong the east coast, just offshore from Boston and New York
- BAlong the base of the continental shelf off the east coast
- CAt the Mid-Atlantic spreading ridge
- DOn the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean
24Which plate lies immediately west of the west coast of South America?
- ANazca
- BJuan de Fuca
- CFarallon
- DCaribbean
- EPacific
25The point on the surface of the earth directly above an earthquake is called the:
- AFocus
- BHypocenter
- CEpicenter
- DRupture point
- EGround zero
26What type of igneous rock forms at a mid-ocean spreading ridge?
- AGranite
- BRhyolite
- CAndesite
- DBasalt
27The “Wadati-Benioff zone” is associated with:
- AMid-ocean spreading ridges
- BTransform faults
- CSubduction zones
- DThe base of the crust
28Which of the following is not part of the definition of a mineral:
- AInorganic
- BNaturally occurring
- CSolid
- DDefinable chemical composition
- ERandom arrangement of atoms in the lattice
29If a mineral’s growth is uninhabited so that it displays well-formed crystal faces, then it is a(n) [blank_start]____________[blank_end] crystal.
- Aanhedral
- Beuhedral
30Based on Mohs scale of hardness, the softest mineral is:
- AGypsum
- BTalc
- CCalcite
- DFluorite
- EMuscovite
31Which mineral will “fizz” with a drop of hydrochloric acid?
- AFeldspar
- BCalcite
- CQuartz
- DMuscovite
- EFluorite
32The basic building block of the rock-forming minerals is the:
- ASilicon-oxygen tetrahedron
- BSilicon-oxygen tri-hedron
- CSingle atoms of silicon and oxygen joined by a covalent bond
- DMagnesium-iron unit cell
- EMagnesium-iron cubic lattice
33Which word below best describes covalent bonding:
- ATransfer of valence-electrons
- BSharing of valence electrons
- CComplete mingling of all electrons
34Montana’s Yogo sapphire is an example of:
- ATopaz
- BCornflower blue quartz
- CCornflower blue diamond
- DCorundum
- EAmethyst
35Igneous rocks that crystallize within the Earth, not on the surface, are called:
- AExtrusive
- BIntrusive
- CPyroclastic
- DVolcanic
- EBasaltic
36When a solid rock contains some volatiles (water and/or CO2), its melting temperature is [blank_start]lowered.[blank_end]
- Alowered.
- Bincreased
37Which of the following rocks would be described as “mafic”?
- APeridotite
- BGranite
- CAndesite
- DRhyolite
- EBasalt
38The first mineral to crystallize in a magma chamber as temperature drops is:
- AQuartz
- BPyroxene
- COlivine
- DBiotite
- ENa-rich feldspar
39A chunk of country rock that falls into a magma chamber, but is big enough to not melt completely, is called:
- AA pluton
- BA volatile
- CA pegmatite
- DA xenolith
- EA tuff
40Lone Mountain (Big Sky) Montana is an example of a:
- AStock
- BBatholith
- CChristmas tree laccolith
- DMushroom laccolith
- EDike complex
41In the past, Yellowstone has erupted which type of igneous rock?
- AAndesite
- BPeridotite
- CDiorite
- DKomatiite
- ERhyolite
42The Sierra Nevada Range of California represents which type of intrusive igneous rock body?
- AStock
- BBatholith
- CLaccolith
- DDike
- ESpreading ridge
43Quartz has which type of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron arrangement:
- ASingle chain
- BDouble chain
- CIsolated tetrahedron
- DTwo-dimensional sheet
- EThree dimensional framework
44As temperature rises and a rock begins to progressively melt, the silica content of the remaining magma generally [blank_start]____________[blank_end] through time.
- Aincreases
- Bdecreases
45The Judith Mountains of Montana are an example of:
- AA sill
- BA batholith
- CA cluster of laccoliths
- DDikes
- EVolcanic necks
46The lithosphere consists of the:
- ACrust and entire mantle
- BMantle rock only
- CCrust only
- DOnly rocky continents, not ocean basins
- ECrust and upper mantle
47The percentage of silica in a typical rhyolite is around:
- A50%
- B60%
- C70%
- D90%
- EWay less than 50%
48Magma that tends to be explosive is generally:
- ARich in iron and magnesium
- BRich in silica and volatiles (gasses)
- CExtremely hot and runny
- DViscous
- EB and D
49An example of a concordant igneous intrusion is a:
- ADike
- BVolcanic rock
- CBatholith
- DStock
- EStill
50With decreasing temperature, which of the following is the correct sequence of mineral crystallization on the discontinuous side of Bowen’s Reaction Series?
- AOlivine-biotite-quartz-pyroxene
- BOlivine-pyroxene-amphibole-quartz-biotite
- CBiotite-pyroxene-amphibole-olivine-quartz
- DQuartz-biotite-pyroxene-amphibole-olivine
- EOlivine-pyroxene-amphibole-biotite-Quartz
51With decreasing temperature, which of the following is the correct sequence of mineral crystallization on the discontinuous side of Bowen’s Reaction Series?
- AOlivine-biotite-quartz-pyroxene
- BOlivine-pyroxene-amphibole-quartz-biotite
- CBiotite-pyroxene-amphibole-olivine-quartz
- DQuartz-biotite-pyroxene-amphibole-olivine
- EOlivine-pyroxene-amphibole-biotite-Quartz
52Our solar system is part of what galaxy?
- AMilky Way
- BAndromeda
- CFord
- DNeptune
- ERenaissance
53The four planets closest to the sun are referred to as the [blank_start]terrestrial[blank_end] planets.
- Aterrestrial
- Binner sanctum
- Ccentral orbit
- Dgiant
- Esolarian
54What is a light year?
- A365 days of sunlight
- BThe number of hours light is visible on the Earth during one year
- CThe time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun
- DThe distance light travels in one year
- EA measure of the quantity of heat the Earth receives from the sun in one year
55What was the first element to form after the Big Bang?
- AIron
- BHydrogen
- CUranium
- DHelium
- ELead
56The theory that states that nebulae can collapse due to gravity and eventually form stars is known as the [blank_start]nebular[blank_end] theory.
- Anebular
- Bcollapsing
- Cstellar
- Dblack hole
- Egravitational
57A stream of charged particles that escapes from the sun and flow through space is called:
- AA solar stream
- BThe jet stream
- CThe solar wind
- DAn electric slide
- EAn electric wind
58What are the two most common gases found in the Earth's atmosphere?
- ANitrogen and oxygen
- BOxygen and carbon dioxide
- CNitrogen and argon
- DArgon and oxygen
- ECarbon dioxide and water vapor
59The Earth's [blank_start]magnetosphere[blank_end] protects us from electrically charged particles of the solar wind.
- Amagnetosphere
- Batmosphere
- Ccryosphere
- Dhydrosphere
- Eheliosphere
60Which is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
- AUpper mantle
- BInner core
- CLower mantle
- DContinental crust
- EOceanic crust
61Earth's glaciers would be considered part of the:
- AHydrosphere
- BGeosphere
- CAtmosphere
- DBiosphere
62Earth's hottest layer is its [blank_start]core[blank_end].
- Acore
63Condensation theory address:
- AHow the universe formed
- BHow early stars formed
- CHow the solar system formed
- DHow Earth differentiated
64What is one piece of evidence that Wegener used to prove continental drift?
- AMatching rock units on the east and west coasts of South America
- BEvidence of glaciers in Canada
- CMatching fossils in East and West Africa
- DEvidence of coal swamps in the northeast United States
- EMatching magnetic stripes in the sea floor
65Why was Wegener's hypothesis not widely accepted at the time he proposed it?
- AMatching fossils on separate continents were common
- BMost scientists in North America distrusted German scientists
- CNone of the continents appeared to have a geographic fit
- DWegener could not sufficiently explain the forces that moved the continents
- EThere were no matching magnetic stripes on the seafloor
66A lithospheric plate is defined as:
- AA rigid plate-like portion of the uppermost crust separated by asthenosphere
- BThe uppermost portion of the lithosphere
- CA portion of the lithosphere separated from other portions of the lithosphere by a plate boundary
- DThe crust plus the upper portion of the mantle
- EA limited portion of the lithospheric mantle
67What features would you expect to see at a convergent boundary?
- AMid-ocean ridges and the formation of new lithospheric plate material
- BSubduction zones and colliding lithospheric plates
- CSeafloor-spreading plates sliding alongside one another
- DHot-spot tracks of volcanic islands
- ETransverse fracture zones forming new crust
68What features would you expect to see at a divergent boundary?
- AAccretionary prisms and continental arcs
- BSide-by-side movement and destruction of lithospheric plates
- CHot-spot tracks of volcanic islands
- DMid-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading
- EThe highest types of mountains in the world, such as the Himalayas
69The youngest rocks and thinnest sediments on the seafloor can be found:
- AAdjacent to subduction zones
- BAt mid-can ridges
- COn the continental shelf
- DIn the abyssal plain
- ENear oceanic trenches
70A successful rift occurs when:
- AVolcanic islands emerge above sea level
- BMid-ocean ridges are subjected at a plate boundary
- CA rift stretches until a new collision mountain is formed
- DA rift stretches until a continent breaks apart and a mid-ocean ridge is formed
- EA rift ceases before it splits a continent
71Hot spots:
- AAre locations thought to be at the top of mantle plumes, where volcanoes form
- BAre almost always associated with plate boundaries
- CForm as the result of melting that occurs at subduction zones
- DCannot be explained by plate tectonics
- EAre found primarily along continental boundaries
72Paleomagnetism is:
- AAn ancient form of seismology used to detect earthquakes
- BA magnetic anomaly that allows scientists to locate the geographic poles of the Earth
- CThe place on the Earth where the magnetic field lines point straight down
- DA concept used by Wegener to prove continental drift
- EThe record of past magnetism that can be detected in the Earth's rocks
73The pattern of marine magnetic anomalies on the seafloor is evidence of:
- ASeafloor spreading
- BThe depth of the seafloor
- CSubduction zones
- DThe types of microfossils found on the seafloor
- EThe latent heat of the seafloor
74Which of the following is required for a material to be considered a mineral?
- ASolid
- BHomogenous
- CHas a crystalline structure
- DNaturally occurring
- EAll of the above
75An inorganic solid that does not have a crystal structure is called a(n):
- AGlass
- BPrecipitate
- CTetrahedra
- DOre
- EPolymorph
76If a mineral grows without being inhibited by its surroundings, what type of crystal will it become?
- AAnhedral
- BLead
- CPolygonal
- DDiamond
- EEuhedral
77The color to the powdered form of a mineral is referred to as:
- AHardness
- BStreak
- CLuster
- DCleavage
- ESpecific gravity
78The tendency of minerals to break along planes of weak atomic bonds to produce flat surfaces is referred to as:
- ALuster
- BFracture
- CCleavage
- DCrystal faces
- EElasticity
79Which group of minerals accounts for the largest proportion of the rocks in the crust and mantle?
- ASilicates
- BSulfates
- CHalides
- DSulfides
- EOxides
80Minerals that have been cut and polished and are particularly beautiful or valuable are referred to as:
- AGold mines
- BGems
- CTetrahedra
- DKimberlites
- ECrystals
81Which of the following is a type of silica-oxygen tetrahedra linkage in silicate minerals?
- ASingle chains
- BThree-dimensional framework
- CDouble chains
- DIsolated tetrahedra
- EAll of the above
- FNone of the above
82Which of the following rock types forms when molten rock crystallizes?
- AIgneous
- BSedimentary
- CAggregate
- DOutcrop
83Which type of rock will show the type of layering we refer to as foliation?
- AIgneous
- BSedimentary
- CMetamorphic
- DClastic
84A thin section of rock can be examined to see:
- ALayering
- BVery small grains
- CStreak
- DCrystal form
85What is the name of the volcano that erupted in 79 C.E., destroying the city of Pompeii?
- AMt. Pele
- BMt. Rushmore
- CMt. St. Helens
- DMt. Fuji
- EMt. Vesuvius
86The melting associated with the addition of carbon dioxide or water to rocks is referred to as [blank_start]pressure melting[blank_end].
- Apressure melting
- Bdecompression melting
- Cflux melting
- Dsubduction of volatiles
- Epressure addition
87A magma high in silica is called:
- AMagic
- BMagma
- CGranite
- DBasalt
- EFelsic
88When gas bubbles remain trapped in a magma or lava even after the melt freezes, the resulting holes in the rock are called:
- ACorpuscles
- BVesicles
- CCrystals
- DAerosols
- EFoci
89The sequence of crystallization of minerals as a magma cools is known as Bowen's [blank_start]reaction series[blank_end].
- Areaction series
90Rock produced by solidifying of magma underground is referred to as:
- AExtrusive igneous rock
- BRocky crystallizations
- CIntrusive igneous rock
- DBowen's crystallized rock
- EWall rock formations
91Hot mafic lava can be described best as [blank_start]low[blank_end] silica and [blank_start]low[blank_end] viscosity.
- Alow; high
- Bhigh; high
- Cmedium; medium
- Dlow; low
- Ehigh; low
- Flow; high
- Ghigh; high
- Hmedium; medium
- Ilow; low
- Jhigh; low
92A crystalline igneous rock with crystals too small to see without magnification is said to have a(n) [blank_start]aphanitic[blank_end] texture.
- Aaphanitic
- Bporphyritic
- Cphaneritic
- Dphenocrystic
- Efragmental
93A pyroclastic flow is a:
- ASlow volcanic flow
- BSubsurface volcanic flow
- CHigh-altitude volcanic event
- DGround-hugging, scalding avalanche of volcanic ash and gas
- EVolcanic explosion under an ice sheet
94An eruption that emits low viscosity lava fountains of mafic lava that can flow long distances is referred to as a(n) [blank_start]effusive[blank_end] eruption.
- Aeffusive
- Bexplosive
- CStrombolian
- Depidermal
- EPinion
95Hot, thin, runny mafic lava flows that have low silica content typically crystallize to produce:
- ARhyolite
- BAndesite
- CBasalt
- DGranite
- ELimestone
96Large volcanoes that have a low, broad shape and are made of successive flows of low viscosity lava are called:
- AStratovolcanoes
- BShield volcanoes
- CCinder cones
- DIgnimbites
- EComposite volcanoes
97Yellowstone is a classic example of which type of volcanism?
- AContinental rift
- BMid-ocean ridge
- CConvergent volcanic arc
- DContinental hot spot
- EIsland arc
98A large circular depression created by the collapse of a volcano into its drained magma chamber is called a:
- ACaldera
- BFlank vent
- CCrater
- DFissure
- EConduit
99If a volcano has erupted within the last 10,000 years but is not currently erupting, geologists refer to it as:
- AActive
- BExtinct
- CDormant
- DRecurring
- ERhyolitic
100What type of volcano is likely to be found near a convergent zone?
- AHot spot
- BCone
- CStratovolcano
- DFissure eruption
101What type(s) of changes do we monitor for in assessing how likely a volcano is to erupt?
- AGas emission
- BEarthquakes
- CGround-shape changes
- DChanges in heat flow
- EAll of the above
- FNone of the above
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- Chapters 1-4
- Author
- Savannah Moore
- Language
- English
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