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Chapter 6: Infant Studies

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Theories of Cognitive Development
Grace Hernandez-Jackson
Quiz by Grace Hernandez-Jackson, updated 7 months ago
Grace Hernandez-Jackson
Created by Grace Hernandez-Jackson 7 months ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Assimilation, taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows, is acoordining to which theorist?
Answer
  • Chandler Bing
  • Jean Piaget
  • Erik Erikson
  • Sigmund Freud

Question 2

Question
What is accommodation (according to Piaget)?
Answer
  • The process by which children recognize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage
  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge
  • Taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows

Question 3

Question
What is equilibration (according to Piaget)?
Answer
  • Taking info that is compatible with what one already knows
  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge
  • The process by which children reorganize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage

Question 4

Question
Sensorimotor, the [blank_start]first[blank_end] of Piaget's four stages of development, lasts from birth to about 2 years, in which infants progress from responding reflexively to using symbols.
Answer
  • first
  • second
  • third
  • fourth

Question 5

Question
Preoperational is defined as what?
Answer
  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically
  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions
  • The theory that Rachel and Ross were on a break

Question 6

Question
What is concrete operational?
Answer
  • The opposite of preoperational
  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspects of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects
  • Something characterized by the emergence of logical operations such as conservation, reversibility or classification, allowing logical reasoning
  • Operational that is concrete

Question 7

Question
The formal operational stage is characterized by what?
Answer
  • The emergence of logical thinking processes, particularly the ability to understand theories and abstract ideas and predict possible outcomes of hypothetical problems
  • Not using your frontal lobe to make decisions properly
  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's POV

Question 8

Question
[blank_start]Egocentrism[blank_end] is the difficulty in seeing the world from another's perspective, typical of children in piaget's preoperational stage
Answer
  • Egocentrism

Question 9

Question
What is the phenomenon in which preschool children attribute life and lifelike properties to inanimate objects?
Answer
  • Egocentrism
  • Animism
  • Marcel, Ross' monkey
  • Centration

Question 10

Question
What is centration?
Answer
  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions
  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically
  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's point of view; typical of children in Piaget's preoperational stage
  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

Question 11

Question
Object [blank_start]permanence[blank_end] is the understanding, acquired in infancy, that objects exist independently of oneself.
Answer
  • permanence

Question 12

Question
Constructivism is the view associated with [blank_start]Piaget[blank_end] that children are active participants in their own development who systematically construct ever-more-sophisticated understanding of their worlds.
Answer
  • Piaget
  • Erikson
  • Freud
  • Watson

Question 13

Question
The sociocultural perspective is the view that children's cognitive development can only be understood by considering the cultural contexts in which they develop. Which theorist is associated with this?
Answer
  • Ross Geller
  • B.F Skinner
  • Lev Vygotsky
  • Ivan Pavlov

Question 14

Question
According to Vygotsky, mutual, shared understanding among people who are participating in an activity together is called what?
Answer
  • Intersubjectivity
  • Guided participation
  • Sociocultural perspective

Question 15

Question
Structured interactions between a child and another more knowledgeable person are thought to promote cognitive growth. This is called guided participation and is thought to be by Piaget.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
The [blank_start]zone[blank_end] of proximal development is the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone. Like putting a bed sheet on the bed (not really).
Answer
  • zone
  • theory

Question 17

Question
Brain break: How many times did Ross Geller get married?
Answer
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Question 18

Question
What is scaffolding?
Answer
  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software
  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself
  • The process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal that would be beyond his unassisted efforts.

Question 19

Question
Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for what? Of these options, how many apply?
Answer
  • Communication
  • Self-guidance
  • Self-regulation
  • "Little Harmonica"

Question 20

Question
What is inner speech?
Answer
  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself
  • Speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior

Question 21

Question
Information-processing [blank_start]theory[blank_end] is the view that human connection consists of mental hardware and mental software
Answer
  • theory
  • disorder
  • perspective
  • process

Question 22

Question
What is the component of the information-processing system analogous to a computer's operating system that coordinates the activities of the system called?
Answer
  • Inhibitory processes
  • Scaffolding
  • Central executive

Question 23

Question
Inhibitory [blank_start]processes[blank_end] are cognitive processes that relate to the control of thought, conduct, and emotions during goal-directed behavior.
Answer
  • processes
  • theory
  • perspective
  • system

Question 24

Question
What is executive functioning?
Answer
  • Cognitive activities that require virtually no effort
  • The difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone
  • A mechanism of growth that includes inhibitory processes, planning, and cognitive flexibility
  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software

Question 25

Question
Core-knowledge [blank_start]theories[blank_end] are the view that infants are born with a rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated based on children's experiences.
Answer
  • theories
  • hypothesis
  • processes

Question 26

Question
What are automatic processes?
Answer
  • When Phoebe got pregnant for her brother,
  • Cognitive processes are cognitive activities that require virtually no effort
  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity
  • Limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world

Question 27

Question
What is it called when there is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose that is applied to children's naive theories of living things?
Answer
  • Automatic processes
  • A theory of mind
  • Theological explanations

Question 28

Question
What is essentialism?
Answer
  • When children believe that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity
  • When Ross and Phoebe kissed (was that a fever dream???)
  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity

Question 29

Question
The theory of mind is a naive understanding of the relations between mind and behavior – between ages of [blank_start]2 and 5[blank_end]
Answer
  • 2 and 5
  • 7 and 9
  • 12 and 15

Question 30

Question
[blank_start]Sensory[blank_end] memory is where info is held, no longer than a few seconds, briefly in a raw, unanalyzed form
Answer
  • Sensory
  • Working
  • Long-term

Question 31

Question
[blank_start]Working[blank_end] memory is the size of ongoing cognitive activity
Answer
  • Working
  • Sensory
  • Long-term

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Long-term[blank_end] memory is limitless. permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world.
Answer
  • Sensory
  • Long-term
  • Working
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