CMB 405 Exam 1 Material

1. 1In cell theory, all [blank_start]living organisms[blank_end] consist of one or more [blank_start]cells[blank_end]

   1. Aliving organisms
   2. Bcells
2. 2In cell theory, the cell is the [blank_start]basic unit[blank_end] structure for all organisms

   1. Abasic unit
3. 3All cells arise from only [blank_start]pre-existing cells[blank_end] (basic unit of reproduction)

   1. Apre-existing cells
4. 4Cells can [blank_start]reproduce[blank_end] by themselves ([blank_start]mitosis[blank_end] and [blank_start]meiosis[blank_end])

   1. Areproduce
   2. Bmitosis
   3. Cmeiosis
5. 5Cells are [blank_start]complex[blank_end], and have many types and [blank_start]functions[blank_end]

   1. A/complex
   2. Bfunctions
6. 6Cells have [blank_start]organelles[blank_end], with substructure and function.

   1. Aorganelles
7. 7Cells have [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]intracellular[blank_end] organization

   1. Aextracellular
   2. Bintracellular
8. 8An important property of cells is that they contain [blank_start]genetic information[blank_end] and the means to use it

   1. Agenetic information
9. 9Cells can acquire and utilize [blank_start]energy[blank_end] through anabolism and catabolism ([blank_start]metabolism[blank_end])

   1. Aenergy
   2. Bmetabolism
10. 10Cells respond to [blank_start]stimuli[blank_end]

    1. Astimuli

11. 11Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are distinguished by their [blank_start]size[blank_end] and type of [blank_start]organelles[blank_end]

    1. Asize
    2. Borganelles
12. 12[blank_start]Prokaryotes[blank_end] are all bacteria, which arose ~3.7 billion years ago

    1. AProkaryotes
13. 13 [blank_start]Eukaryotes[blank_end] include protists, animals, plants, and fungus

    1. AEukaryotes
14. 14[blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end] protists include diatoms, protozoans, and most algae

    1. AUnicellular
15. 15[blank_start]Multicellular[blank_end] protists include algae, slime molds, and kelp, for example

    1. AMulticellular
16. 16Prokaryotes divide
    by [blank_start]binary fission[blank_end], while eukaryotes divide via [blank_start]mitosis[blank_end]

    1. Abinary fission
    2. Bmitosis
17. 17Prokaryote DNA is [blank_start]circular[blank_end], while eukaryote DNA is [blank_start]linear[blank_end] and packaged with [blank_start]histones[blank_end]

    1. Acircular
    2. Blinear
    3. Chistones
18. 18[blank_start]Prokaryotes[blank_end] have an outer membrane, while [blank_start]eukaryotes[blank_end] have a membrane and intracellular organelles

    1. AProkaryotes
    2. Beukaryotes
19. 19Plant cells are [blank_start]eukaryotes[blank_end], generate energy through [blank_start]chloroplasts[blank_end], have a [blank_start]cell wall[blank_end], large [blank_start]vacuoles[blank_end], and store energy in [blank_start]starch[blank_end]

    1. Aeukaryotes
    2. Bchloroplasts
    3. Ccell wall
    4. Dvacuoles
    5. Estarch
20. 20[blank_start]Viruses[blank_end] are neither prokaryote or eukaryote, and must enter other cells to replicate/survive

    1. AViruses
21. 21The [blank_start]endosymbiont[blank_end] theory states that organelles in eukaryotic cells (mitochondria and chloroplasts) evolved from smaller [blank_start]prokaryotic[blank_end] cells

    1. Aendosymbiont
    2. Bprokaryotic
22. 22The endosymbiotic theory proposed that [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] and [blank_start]chloroplasts[blank_end] were once free-living bacteria

    1. Amitochondria
    2. Bchloroplasts
23. 23[blank_start]Carbohydrates[blank_end] are simple sugars and sugar polymers

    1. ACarbohydrates
24. 24[blank_start]Lipids[blank_end] are a diverse group of nonpolar, water [blank_start]insoluble[blank_end] molecules where electrical charges are evenly distributed

    1. ALipids
    2. Binsoluble
25. 25Proteins are polymers of [blank_start]amino acids[blank_end] and form a diverse group of macromolecules

    1. Aamino acids
26. 26Nucleic acids are polymers of [blank_start]nucleotides[blank_end] that store and transmit [blank_start]genetic information[blank_end]

    1. Anucleotides
    2. Bgenetic information
27. 27Carbohydrates serve as [blank_start]energy[blank_end] [blank_start]storage[blank_end] molecules

    1. Aenergy
    2. Bstorage
28. 28[blank_start]Glycosidic[blank_end] bonds are C - O - C links between sugars

    1. AGlycosidic
29. 29[blank_start]Disaccharides[blank_end] are used as a source of readily available energy

    1. ADisaccharides
30. 30[blank_start]Oligosaccharides[blank_end] are found bound to cell surface proteins and lipids, and may be used for [blank_start]cell[blank_end] [blank_start]recognition[blank_end]

    1. AOligosaccharides
    2. Bcell
    3. Crecognition
31. 31[blank_start]Polysaccharides[blank_end] are polymers of sugars joined by glycosidic bonds

    1. APolysaccharides
32. 32[blank_start]Glycogen[blank_end] is an animal product made of branched glucose polymers

    1. AGlycogen
33. 33[blank_start]Starch[blank_end] is a plant product made of both branched and unbranched glucose polymers

    1. AStarch
34. 34[blank_start]Cellulose[blank_end] is a structural polysaccharide found in plants and made of [blank_start]unbranched[blank_end] sugar polymers

    1. ACellulose
    2. Bunbranched
35. 35[blank_start]Chitin[blank_end] is a structural polysaccharide and a component of [blank_start]invertebrate[blank_end] exoskeleton

    1. AChitin
    2. Binvertebrate
36. 36[blank_start]Glycosaminoglycans[blank_end] are structural polysaccharides composed of two different sugars and found in extracellular space

    1. AGlycosaminoglycans
37. 37Fats are a type of [blank_start]lipid[blank_end] made of [blank_start]glycerol[blank_end] and linked by three [blank_start]ester[blank_end] [blank_start]bonds[blank_end] to three [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] [blank_start]acids[blank_end]

    1. Alipid
    2. Bglycerol
    3. Cester
    4. Dbonds
    5. Efatty
    6. Facids
38. 38[blank_start]Saturated[blank_end] fats lack C = C double bonds and are [blank_start]solid[blank_end] at room temperature

    1. ASaturated
    2. Bsolid
39. 39[blank_start]Unsaturated[blank_end] fatty acids have one or more C = C double bonds and are [blank_start]liquid[blank_end] at room temperature

    1. AUnsaturated
    2. Bliquid
40. 40[blank_start]Steroids[blank_end] are four-ringed animal lipids that have been implicated in atherosclerosis

    1. ASteroids
41. 41Phospholipids are [blank_start]amphipathic[blank_end] lipids that are a major component of [blank_start]cell[blank_end] [blank_start]membranes[blank_end]

    1. Aamphipathic
    2. Bcell
    3. Cmembranes
42. 42[blank_start]Nucleotides[blank_end] are connected by 3-5' [blank_start]phosphodiester[blank_end] bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3' carbon of the next

    1. ANucleotides
    2. Bphosphodiester
43. 43In membrane energetics, synthetic work is the result of changes in [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] [blank_start]bonds[blank_end]

    1. Achemical
    2. Bbonds
44. 44[blank_start]Biosynthesis[blank_end] is the building of complex molecules from simple ones

    1. ABiosynthesis
45. 45In membrane energetics, [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] work is the change in location or orientation in cells

    1. Amechanical
46. 46In membrane energetics, [blank_start]concentration[blank_end] work is the moving of molecules across a membrane against a [blank_start]concentration[blank_end] [blank_start]gradient[blank_end]

    1. Aconcentration
    2. Bconcentration
    3. Cgradient
47. 47[blank_start]Simple[blank_end] [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end] is a type of passive transport that occurs spontaneously

    1. ASimple
    2. Bdiffusion
48. 48In membrane energetics, electrical work is the moving of [blank_start]ions[blank_end] across a membrane against an [blank_start]electrochemical[blank_end] gradient

    1. Aions
    2. Belectrochemical
49. 49[blank_start]Homeotherms[blank_end] or organisms that can maintain a stable body temperature and can regulate temperature independent of the environment temperature

    1. AHomeotherms
50. 50[blank_start]Poikilotherms[blank_end] are organisms that are unable to maintain a stable body temperature independent of the environment

    1. APoikilotherms
51. 51One form of energy that drives changes in cells is [blank_start]bioluminescence[blank_end], or the reaction of ATP with specific [blank_start]luminescent[blank_end] compounds

    1. Abioluminescence
    2. Bluminescent
52. 52The [blank_start]cell[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] is a thin layer that forms the outer boundary of a cell or of an internal cell compartment

    1. Acell
    2. Bmembrane
53. 53The [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] membrane encloses the whole cell

    1. Aplasma
54. 54[blank_start]Nuclear[blank_end] and [blank_start]cytoplasmic[blank_end] membranes enclose the nucleus and other organelles inside a cell

    1. ANuclear
    2. Bcytoplasmic
55. 55Functions of Membranes (1) [blank_start]Compartmentalize[blank_end]. Membranes define [blank_start]boundaries[blank_end], serve as [blank_start]permeability[blank_end] [blank_start]barriers[blank_end], and allow specialized activites

    1. ACompartmentalize
    2. Bboundaries
    3. Cpermeability
    4. Dbarriers
56. 56Functions of Membranes (2) [blank_start]Enzyme[blank_end] [blank_start]Localization[blank_end]. Organizes [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end] for effective interaction. Specific [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] have specific functions.

    1. AEnzyme
    2. BLocalization
    3. Cenzymes
    4. Dproteins

Description

Undergraduate Cellular and Molecular Biology Quiz on CMB 405 Exam 1 Material, created by Abigail Milkins on 08/01/2024.

Author

Abigail Milkins

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Created on 8 Jan 2024 · updated on 29 Jan 2024

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cellular and molecular biologyundergraduate

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