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BIO 103: Lab Exam 2 Review
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Questions in this quiz (74)
1What does a gene code for?
- Aprotein
- Bcell
- Cvirus
- Dcarbohydrate
2If an organism is homozygous for a trait, what does it mean?
- A2 different alleles
- Bno alleles
- C2 identical alleles
- Dchanges the alleles
3What does a heterozygous genotype consist of?
- Ano alleles
- Bidentical alleles
- Cdifferent alleles
- Ddominant alleles
4Which allele is expressed in a heterozygous organism?
- Adominant
- Brecessive
- Cboth are equally expressed
- Dneither is expressed
5What is a phenotype?
- Athe genetic makeup of an organism
- Bthe physical appearance of an organism
- Ca type of gene
- Da type of protein
6What is represented by a punnet square?
- Agenetic makeup of a single parent
- Bphysical appearance of a single parent
- Cpossible genetic combinations from a genetic cross
- Dactual offspring produced by a cross
7If a tall (T) is dominant over short (t) what would be the phenotype of a Tt organism?
- Ashort
- Btall
- Cmedium
- Dvariable
8Which of the following is a function of the punnet square?
- Apredicting exact outcomes
- Bpredicting probable outcomes of genetic crosses
- Cdemonstrating physical characteristics
- Dshowing actual results of genetic tests
9In a dihybrid cross, how many squares would a punnet square have?
- A4
- B8
- C16
- D32
10What does the principle of independent assortment state?
- Aonly dominant traits assort independently
- Bgenes on different chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation
- Call genes are linked
- Drecessive genes assort together
11If B represents black eyes (dominant) and b represents red eye (recessive), what would be the genotype of a red eyed mouse?
- ABB
- BBb
- Cbb
- DbB
12What is the expected phenotype ratio of a monohybrid cross between Bb X bb?
- Aall black eyed
- B1 black eyed and 1 red eyed
- C3 black eyed and 1 red eyed
- Dall red eyed
13Which scenario represents a testcross?
- Acrossing two homozygous recessive individuals
- Bcrossing a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive
- Ccrossing a heterozygous with a homozygous recessive
- Dcrossing two heterozygous individuals
14In the genotype Tt, what does the 't' represent?
- Adominant
- Brecessive
- Cphenotype
- Dneither
15What is the probability of producing a 'T' allele gamete from a Tt parent?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
16Which of the following is a possible result from a cross of two heterozygous (Tt) pea plants?
- Att
- BTT
- Cboth tt and TT
- Dneither tt nor TT
17A punnet square helps genetic counselors determine the likelihood of a child inheriting what?
- Adisorder
- Bphysical strength
- Cintelligence
- Dskill
18In a typical monohybrid cross, how many trails are being studied?
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
19If two parents are carriers of a recessive allele (heterozygous), what is the chance of their child expressing the recessive trait?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
20What shape is used to represent males in a pedigree chart?
- Asquare
- Bcircle
- Ctriangle
- Drectangle
21What shape is used to represent females in a pedigree chart?
- Acircle
- Bsquare
- Ctriangle
- Drectangle
22In a pedigree, what does a horizontal line between a male and female represent?
- Amating
- Bsiblings
- Ccousins
- Dfriendship
23What do vertical lines in a pedigree chart generally indicate?
- Asiblings
- Bparents
- Cchildren of the couple above
- Dgrandparents
24How are generations typically indicated in a pedigree chart?
- Aroman numerals
- Bletters
- Csymbols
- Darabic numerals
25I f a trait is autosomal dominant, how many copies of the allele are necessary for the allele to be expressed?
- Aone or two
- Bnone
- Cthree
- Dfour
26What does an autosomal recessive trait require to be physically expressed?
- Ano copies of the allele
- Btwo copies of the allele
- Cone copy of the allele
- Dthree copies of the allele
27In a pedigree chart, how is an individual who expresses the trait typically shown?
- Awith a dot inside the shape
- Bshaded in
- Cwith a cross inside the shape
- Dnot shaded
28What are the chances of a child inheriting an autosomal dominant disorder if one parent is affected (homozygous dominant) and the other is not?
- A25%
- B50%
- C75%
- D100%
29For X-linked recessive disorders, what is true about male offspring of carrier females?
- Athey will definitely be carriers
- Bthey cannot inherit the disorder
- Cthey have a 50% chance of being affected
- Dthey will all be affected
30If a disease is autosomal recessive, what might be true about the parents of an affected child?
- Aboth parents must be affected
- Bboth parents are carriers of the disease
- Cneither parent can be a carrier
- Donly one parent must be affected
31What can a pedigree chart help determine about a family?
- Aeconomic status
- Binheritance patterns of genetic disorders
- Cpolitical affiliations
- Deducational level
32If a female in a pedigree chart is shaded and has an X-linked recessive disorder, what can be inferred?
- Ashe has one copy of the allele
- Bshe has two copies of the allele
- Cshe cannot pass on the disorder
- Dshe is not really affected
33Which generation in a pedigree is typically at the bottom if multiple generations are shown?
- Athe oldest
- Bthe youngest
- Cthe middle
- Drandom
34What information is not shown directly in a pedigree chart?
- Aindividual's name
- Bgender
- Crelationship between individuals
- Dwhich individuals express traits
35What kind of genetic disorder involves more than one gene?
- Asingle-gene
- Bmultifactorial
- Cautosomal
- DX-linked
36In X-linked disorders, who is more likely to be affected?
- Amales
- Bfemales
- Cboth equally
- Dcannot be determined
37What is a nucleotide composed of?
- Aa sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
- Bonly a sugar and a phosphate
- Conly a sugar and a nitrogenous base
- Donly a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
38what sugar is found in DNA?
- Adeoxyribose
- Bribose
- Cglucose
- Dfructose
39Which of the following is not a base in DNA?
- Aadenine
- Bguanine
- Cthymine
- Duracil
40What base does adenine pair with in DNA?
- Athymine
- Bguanine
- Ccytosine
- Duracil
41WHich part of the DNA molecule forms its backbone?
- Anitrogenous base
- Bsugar-phosphate
- Chydrogen bonds
- Dnucleotides
42DNA replication is considered:
- Asemi-conservative
- Bconservative
43During DNA replication, what are the steps of the ladder made of?
- Asugar and phosphate
- Bnucleotides
- Cnitrogenous bases
- Dhydrogen bonds
44What type of bond holds the DNA bases together?
- Aionic bond
- Bhydrogen bond
- Ccovalent bond
- Dmetallic bond
45what enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA helix during replication?
- Aligase
- Bpolymerase
- Chelicase
- Dgyrase
46What is the result of DNA replication?
- Atwo completely new DNA molecules
- Btwo DNA molecules, each containing one old and one new strand
- Cone old DNA molecule and one new DNA molecule
- Dfour new DNA strands
47Which molecule is not a part of RNA?
- Aadenine
- Bguanine
- Cthymine
- Duracil
48What sugar does RNA contain?
- Adeoxyribose
- Bribose
- Cglucose
- Dsucrose
49RNA is usually:
- Asingle-stranded
- Bdouble-stranded
- Ctriple-stranded
- Dquadruple-stranded
50Which of the following is not a type of RNA?
- AmRNA
- BtRNA
- CrRNA
- DpRNA
51What is the process called when DNA is copied to mRNA?
- Atranslation
- Btranscription
- Creplication
- Dtransduction
52Where does transcription occur in the cell?
- Acytoplasm
- Bnucleus
- Cmitochondria
- Dribosome
53What enzyme builds the mRNA strand during transcription?
- ADNA polymerase
- BRNA ligase
- CRNA polymerase
- Dhelicase
54Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
- AmRNA
- BrRNA
- CtRNA
- DDNA
55What is a codon?
- Atype of mutation
- BDNA repair enzyme
- Csequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for an amino acid
- Dsequence of amino acids that forms a protein
56What does mRNA do?
- Amakes proteins
- Bcarries amino acids
- Ccarries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
- Dreplicates DNA
57During transcription, what does the DNA code determine?
- Athe structure of the DNA polymerase
- Bthe sequence of mRNA
- Cthe location of the ribosome
- Dthe replication rate of DNA
58What role does mRNA have in protein synthesis?
- Ato carry amino acids to the ribosomes
- Bto provide the template for ordering amino acids
- Cto catalyzed peptide bond formation
- Dto degrade excess protein
59Which molecule interprets the genetic code in mRNA?
- ArRNA
- BDNA
- CtRNA
- DmRNA itself
60Where does mRNA travel after being transcribed in the nucleus?
- Ait stays in the nucleus
- Bit moves to the mitochondria
- Cit travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- Dit's immediately degraded
61What is the first step of translation in protein synthesis?
- AtRNA binding to mRNA
- BmRNA binding to the ribosome
- Cactivation of DNA
- Ddirect synthesis of amino acids
62What is primarily coded by the sequence of a gene?
- Athe lifespan of a cell
- Bthe DNA replication timing
- Cthe sequence of amino acids in a protein
- Dthe location of cellular organelles
63In the genetic code, what does each codon specify?
- Aa specific tRNA molecule
- Ba specific amino acid
- Ca specific DNA base
- Da specific type of cell
64What ensures the correct alignment of mRNA and tRNA during translation?
- Athe flexibility of DNA
- Bthe structure of the ribosome
- Cthe size of mRNA
- Dthe number of chromosomes
65What is the main function of the ribosome during protein synthesis?
- Ato break down used proteins
- Bto synthesize mRNA
- Cto facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins
- Dto transport proteins out of the cell
66How is the start of a new gene signaled on the mRNA molecule?
- Aby a specific folding pattern in the mRNA
- Bby a start codon (AUG)
- Cby the attachment of a ribosome
- Dby the presence of a poly-A tail
67Which event directly follows transcription in the cell nucleus?
- ADNA replication
- BmRNA processing
- Cprotein synthesis
- Dcellular division
68What happens to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?
- Ait is condensed into chromosomes
- Bit is paired with ribosomal subunits
- Cit undergoes splicing to remove introns
- Dit replicates to ensure backup copies
69What is typically found at the end of a gene sequence on mRNA?
- Aan enhancer sequence
- Ba stop codon
- Ca ribosome binding site
- Dan origin of replication
70What is the significance of the genetic code being "universal"?
- Ait means that all organisms have identical DNA
- Bit means that the same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms
- Cit indicates that all organisms reproduce identically
- Dit shows that genetic mutations do not affect organisms
71How many nucleotides form a codon?
- A1
- B2
- C3
- D4
72What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
- Athe sequence of sugar in DNA
- Bthe type of ribosome in the cell
- Cthe sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
- Dthe lipid composition of the cell membrane
73Which process effectively decides which genes are expressed in a cell's phenotype?
- ADNA replication
- Bgene transcription
- Cprotein degradation
- Dnucleotide synthesis
74What is the consequence of a mutation that changes an mRNA codon to a stop codon prematurely?
- Aa longer protein is made
- Bthe protein is not affected
- Ca truncated protein is produced
- Dthe mRNA is more stable
Information
- Description
- all of the questions we went over on monday for lab exam 2
- Author
- Chloe Peebles
- Language
- English
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