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set14

Smaranda Grigorescu 20 questions

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Questions in this quiz (20)

  1. 1261. Regarding the initial non-progressive phase, it can be stated:
    1. AA. During early shock a variety of neurohumoral mechanisms come into play to maintain cardiac output and
      blood pressure
    2. BB. Decreased tension on the stretch receptors stimulate the autonomic nervous system
    3. CC. It includes a decreased urinary output due to decreased renal perfusion and ADH and aldosterone action
    4. D. General manifestations include progressive alteration of the conscience
    5. EE. It is characterized by tissue hypoperfusion and onset of an ever- widening cycle of circulatory and metabolic
      imbalance
    6. FF. Cardiac involvement includes progressive bradycardia and drop in arterial tension
    7. GG. It is resolved in a few hours or it progresses
    8. HH. It is the phase during which refex vascular compensatory mechanisms are activated in response to the initial
      insult and perfusion of vital organs is preserved
    9. II. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated in response to low renal perfusion
  2. 2262. Regarding the progressive phase, it can be stated:
    1. AA. It can manifest a drop in the arterial tension
    2. BB. It onsets a cycle of metabolic imbalances
    3. CC. The person may complain of thirst
    4. DD. The person is awake and anxious
    5. EE. It can be resolved in a few hours or it can progress
    6. FF. It onsets a cycle of circulatory imbalances
    7. GG. It includes a progressive alteration of the conscience
    8. HH. It includes a decreased urinary output due to decreased renal perfusion and ADH and aldosterone action
    9. II. It is characterized by tissue hypoperfusion
  3. 3263. About the lysosomal-mediated mechanisms, it can be stated:
    1. AA. It includes action of the complement
    2. BB. It onsets a cycle of circulatory imbalances
    3. CC. They are based on four major mechanisms
    4. DD. It includes a progressive alteration of the conscience
    5. EE. It includes formation of myocardial depressant factor
    6. FF. It is characterized by tissue hypoperfusion
    7. GG. It includes endothelial damage
    8. HH. It onsets a cycle of metabolic imbalances
    9. IJ. It includes platelet aggregation-microthrombi
  4. 4264. Regarding the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. It includes action of the complement
    2. BB. Insults typically result in release of numerous circulatory proinfammatory mediators from the injured tissue
    3. CC. It includes endothelial damage
    4. DD. It is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity
    5. EE. Anti-infammatory mediators are release in order to ensure that proinfammatory mediators are more destructive
    6. FF. Proinfammatory mediators are released locally as part of a complex defense mechanism to help promote wound
      healing and combat foreign organisms or antigens
    7. GG. It includes platelet aggregation-microthrombi
    8. HH. Depending on the severity of the insult, the local release may result in an uncontrolled systemic infammatory
      response
    9. IJ. Anti-infammatory mediators are release in order to ensure that proinfammatory mediators are not destructive
  5. 5265. Regarding the uncontrolled systemic infammatory response from mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction
    syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. It includes platelet aggregation-microthrombi
    2. BB. It includes excess production of oxidants
    3. CC. It onsets a cycle of circulatory imbalances
    4. DD. It includes activation of infammatory cells such as neutrophils
    5. EE. It includes activation of infammatory cells such as macrophages
    6. FF. It includes formation of myocardial depressant factor
    7. GG. It includes a massive release of proinfammatory mediators into systemic circulation
    8. HH. Depends on the severity of the insult
    9. II. It includes action of the complement
  6. 6266. Regarding the pathogenesis of shock in the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. In the liver fatty changes, severe perfusion defcits and sometimes central necrosis may occur
    2. BB. Clinicians are aware that shock doesn’t affect only one organ but it is the progressive impairment of many key organs
    3. CC. It includes excess production of oxidant
    4. DD. It includes activation of infammatory cells such as macrophages
    5. EE. It includes activation of infammatory cells such as neutrophils
    6. FF. It includes a massive release of proinfammatory mediators into systemic circulation
    7. GG. The liver is affected early and exhibits damage to the reticulo- endothelial system and cellular metabolism
    8. HI. The most affected organs include: heart, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys
    9. IJ. Pancreas injury leads to impaired hormonal control of carbohydrates metabolism and to the formation of myocardial
      depressant factors
  7. 7267. Regarding the pathogenesis of shock in the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. The kidneys may be severely affected in shock resulting in acid-base imbalance
    2. BB. The kidneys may be severely affected in shock causing the accumulation of nitrogenous metabolites and toxaemia
    3. CC. It is associated with direct cellular injury
    4. DD. The kidneys may be severely affected in shock resulting in anuria
    5. EE. The kidneys may be severely affected in shock resulting in oliguria
    6. FF. It is associated endothelial damage
    7. GG. It is associated with vasodilatation
    8. HH. It is multifactorial
    9. IJ. The kidneys may be severely affected in shock resulting in electrolyte disturbance
  8. 8268. Regarding the pathogenesis of shock in the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. It includes tachycardia
    2. BB. It includes pale and cool skin
    3. CC. It includes tachypnea
    4. DD. The damage to the lungs causes diminished exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and impaired regulation of
      circulating humoral substances such as prostaglandins
    5. EE. The lungs are rarely affected in pure hypovolemic shock
    6. FF. Shock lungs refer to changes that occur due to vascular collapse that can be caused by bacteria, sepsis or trauma
    7. GG. It includes normal blood pressure
    8. HI. Pulmonary lesions may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome
    9. IJ. Pulmonary lesions result from diffuse alveolar damage
  9. 9269. Regarding the pathogenesis of shock in the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, it can be stated:
    1. AA. The brain may develop the so called ischemic encephalopathy
    2. BB. The gastro-intestinal tract may present necrosis
    3. CC. The gastro-intestinal tract may present patchy mucosal hemorrhages
    4. DD. Anti-infammatory mediators are release in order to ensure that proinfammatory mediators are more destructive
    5. EE. The loss of adrenal corticolipids implies a reversion of the relatively inactive vacuolated cells to metabolically active
      cells that utilize stored lipids for synthesis of steroid
    6. FF. It includes action of the complement
    7. GG. Adrenal alterations refer to a depletion of lipids in the cortical cells in an early phase
    8. HH. It includes platelet aggregation-microthrombi
    9. II. It includes endothelial damage
  10. 10270. About shock, it can be stated
    1. AA. Rapid circulatory collapse leads to a progressive restauration of the normal values
    2. BB. Hypotension is an early sign of shock
    3. CC. Hypotension is a late sign of shock
    4. DD. Rapid circulatory collapse leads to impaired cellular metabolism and death
    5. EE. If compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, shock enters an irreversible phase
    6. FF. If compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, shock enters the reversible phase
    7. G. Hypotension indicates that the compensatory mechanisms are still working
    8. HH. Hypotension indicates failure of the compensatory mechanisms
    9. IJ. Shock initiates compensatory mechanisms that sustain the organism at borderline levels

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medium fizpat Quiz on set14, created by Smaranda Grigorescu on 25/01/2026.
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