Quiz
Emergencies (421-450)
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Questions in this quiz (30)
1Which of these is not one of the first aid measures to follow in case of a severe cut?
- ARinse the cut with water at room temperature
- BApply pressure with a sterile gauze, bandage or clean cloth
- CIf blood soaks through the bandage, place another bandage on top of the first
- DLower the injured part to stop bleeding
- EElevate the injured part to stop bleeding
2Which of these options is the best way to control a nose bleed?
- AMake the person sit down leaning forward and squeeze nostrils together
- BMake the person sit down leaning backward and pinch top of the nose
- CMake the person sit down leaning backward and squeeze nostrils together
- DMake the person lie down and squeeze nostrils together
- EMake the person lie down and pinch top of the nose
3Which one of the following findings should prompt immediate management during the primary survey?
- Adistended abdomen
- BGlasgow Coma Scale Score of 12
- Cpulse rate of 120 beats per minute
- Drespiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
- Eclose pneumothorax
4Which one of the following statements concerning massive hemothorax is TRUE?
- Ait is usually caused by blunt thoracic trauma
- Bit is commonly confused with a pneumothorax
- Cthe initial draining of 1,000 mL of blood after chest tube insertion requires immediate thoracotomy
- Dthe condition should be suspected in situations associated with shock and unilateral absent breath sounds
- Ethe diagnosis should be confirmed by upright, plain chest roentgenograms prior to treatment
5Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
- Awhen respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change
- Bwhen the heart rate is 40 to 60/min and respirations increase
- Cwhen circulatory distress in adults occur
- Dwhen blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increase
- Ewhen an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly
6Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest?
- Awhen respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change
- Bwhen the heart rate is 40 to 60/min and respirations increase
- Cwhen circulatory distress in adults occur
- Dwhen blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increase
- Ewhen an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly
7Why are ventilations delivered to a pediatric arrest person before seeking assistence in single-rescuer scenarios?
- AChest compressions are not performed in children
- B911 response times are generally slow
- CThe parents are often nearby
- DMost pediatric cardiac arrests are due to respiratory arrest
- EThe use of an AED is contraindicated in pediatrics
8With 2:1 AV block, the PR interval:
- Ais absent
- Bshortens
- Clengthens
- Dit is normal
- Eremains constant
9With regard to adult BLS:
- Aon finding an unresponsive patient, two breaths should be given before calling for help
- Bif the patient is not breathing normally, they should be placed in the recovery position
- Cchest compressions should be given before any rescue breaths
- Dit should be continued until the patient shows signs of life
- Efatigue when performing chest compressions occurs after 5 min
10With regard to age groups for specific guidelines:
- Athe term newborn refers to a neonate immediately after delivery
- Ba neonate is a child within 1 week of age
- Can infant is a child under 1 year of age
- Da child refers to children between 1 year and 8 years
- Eadult guidelines are applicable to individuals aged over 18 years
11With regard to amiodarone:
- Ahypotension results from histamine release
- Bshould be administered if the patient remains in VF after the second shock
- Cmay cause optic neuritis with prolonged use
- Dthe initial adult dose is 300 mg IV
- Eprecipitates with adrenaline
12With regard to cardiac arrest:
- AThe commonest cause in adults is ischaemic heart disease
- BHome defibrillators for high-risk patients double survival rates
- CPaediatric cardiac arrest is usually due to a final common pathway causing hypoxaemia
- DSudden cardiac death accounts for about 15% of all deaths in Western countries
- EBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) doubles the survival rate
13With regard to chest compression depth in children:
- Athe chest can be compressed to one-half of the resting anterior-posterior chest diameter without causing damage to intrathoracic organs
- Bunlike in adults, good-quality CPR in children is rarely associated with rib fractures
- Cit is often too deep
- Din infants, one-third of the chest diameter is approximately 4 cm
- Ein children, one-third of the chest diameter is approximately 5 cm
14With regard to compression:ventilation during CPR:
- Aa ratio of 30:2 is recommended for lay rescuers
- Ba ratio of 15:2 is recommended for paediatric resuscitation by trained rescuers
- Ccompressions should be delivered before ventilation in adults
- Dcompressions should be delivered before ventilation in children
- Ecompression-only CPR is an acceptable alternative for bystander BLS
15With regard to defibrillation safety:
- Acurrent guidelines recommend removing free flowing O 2 at least 1 m away from the patient
- Ba ventilator circuit should be disconnected prior to defibrillation
- CO2 doubles the rate of combustion
- Dit is safe for the rescuer's hands to remain in contact with the patient's chest during defibrillation
- Eself-adhesive defibrillation pads may reduce the likelihood of arcing compared with defibrillation paddles
16With regard to drowning:
- Awhen unwitnessed, all drowning victims should be treated with cervical spine immobilization until the cervical spine can be cleared
- Bcompression-only CPR is relatively contraindicated
- Cdrying a wet patient with a towel does not allow safe defibrillation using self-adhesive pads
- Dif core temperature is below 30◦ c, defibrillation should be limited to no more than three attempts
- EIV fluids may be indicated to correct hypovolaemia caused by the hydrostatic pressure of the water on the body
17With regard to drug doses:
- A1 ml 1:1000 adrenaline=1 mg adrenaline
- B100µg (mcg) adrenaline=1 ml 1:10 000 adrenaline
- C1 mg IV adrenaline has the same efficacy as about 2 mg IO (intraosseus) adrenaline
- D10 ml 0.25% bupivacaine = 25 mg bupivacaine
- E10 ml 50% dextrose=100 ml 5% dextrose
18With regard to drug efficacy:
- Aadrenaline increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation but has not been shown to increase survival to hospital discharge
- Bamiodarone increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation compared with lignocaine
- Catropine increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation but has not been shown to increase survival to hospital discharge
- Dcolloids have been shown to be more effective than crystalloids in achieving return of spontaneous circulation following hypovolaemic cardiac arrest
- Ebicarbonate increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation, but has not been shown to increase survival to hospital discharge
19With regard to electrical safety during external defibrillation:
- Apaddles are safer than self-adhesive pads
- Bclinical gloves may reduce the risk of an inadvertent shock to the rescuer
- Csources of O2 should be turned off during defibrillation
- Delectrode paste reduces the risk of arcing between electrodes
- Eclinical gloves may increase the risk of an inadvertent shock to the rescuer
20With regard to endotracheal tube size:
- Aadult sizes are usually appropriate for patients aged>16 years
- Bthe appropriate size of a paediatric uncuffed tube is given by the equation (Age/4)+4
- Cthe appropriate size of a paediatric cuffed tube is given by the equation (Age/4)+3
- Dtracheostomy tubes should be 1.0 mm smaller than the corresponding endotracheal tube size
- Etubes of smaller internal diameter reduce airway resistance
21With regard to haemorrhage:
- Acirculating blood volume in an adult is approximately 4% of body mass
- Bβ-blockers may mask the early signs of hypovolaemic shock
- Cpatients who have an impaired level of consciousness due to blood loss have generally lost at least 40% of their circulating blood volume
- Dthe management of catastrophic haemorrhage should take priority over airway management
- Evenous bleeding is generally less serious than arterial bleeding
22With regard to IV fluids:
- A'normal saline' is the same as 0.9% sodium chloride
- Bcolloids include Hartmann's solution and 5% dextrose
- C5% dextrose is hypotonic
- Da 70 kg adult requires approximately 3000 ml maintenance fluid /24h
- E1000 ml Hartmann's solution contains 10 mmol potassium chloride
23With regard to manual biphasic defibrillator energy levels:
- A150 J is acceptable as a first shock energy level
- B200 J is acceptable as a first shock energy level
- Cfollowing an initial shock of 150 J, a further 200 J is acceptable as a second shock energy level
- Din a patient who has been shocked back into a perfusing rhythm but who subsequently refibrillates, a shock of 360 J should be administered
- Eobese patients may require greater energy levels for successful defibrillation
24With regard to O2:
- Athe concentration in exhaled breath is 18%
- B30% o 2 doubles the rate of combustion
- Cin most tissues of the body, the response to hypoxia is vasodilatation
- Din the lungs, the response to hypoxia is vasoconstriction
- Ehyperventilation increases o 2 uptake
25With regard to resuscitation during pregnancy:
- Athe gravid uterus obstructs inferior vena caval blood flow from approximately 40 weeks of gestation
- Bmanual displacement of the uterus to the left should be performed before attempting lateral tilt
- Ca tracheal tube 0.5-1.0 mm smaller than usual may be required because of laryngeal oedema
- Dincreased transthoracic impedance means that external defibrillation should be performed using the highest defibrillator energy settings possible
- Eexternal chest compressions should be performed over the upper one-third of the sternum
26With regard to the ECG:
- A1 large square=0.5 s
- Bthe normal PR interval is 0.12 to 0.20 s
- Cthe normal QRS duration is <0.20 s
- Dthe normal QTc interval is 0.42 s
- Ethe normal QT interval (corrected for heart rate; QTc) is QT/ √ RR where RR is the interval from the onset of one QRS complex to the onset of the next, measured in seconds)
27With regard to VF:
- Athe waveform is entirely random
- Ba fine waveform is more likely to be cardioverted to a perfusing rhythm than a coarse waveform
- Cthe greater the area under the curve with spectral frequency analysis (Fourier analysis), the greater the chances of successful defibrillation
- Dmovement artefact may occasionally be mistaken by an AED for VF
- Ethe primary determinant of successful defibrillation is the duration of VF
28You and coworker arrive to find a 78-year-old woman unresponsive in bed. She is not breathing but does have pulse. You have pocket face mask on hand that is equipped with an oxygen inlet.
After quickly connecting oxygen tubing to inlet on the mask, you should set oxygen flow rate at:- A1 to 2 L/min
- B4 to 6 L/min
- C8 to 10 L/min
- D10 to 12 L/min
- E>12 L/min
29You and second rescuer are performing 2-rescuer CPR on an adult victim of cardiac arrest. You are performing chest compressions while your partner provides rescue breathing.
When should your partner check for vital signs again?- AAfter 5 cycles of 15 compressions and 2 ventilations
- BAfter 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 ventilations
- CAfter 5 minutes of CPR
- DDo not check again until EMS personnel arrive to assess the victim
- EDo not check again until the patient begins to breathe
30You are alone and find a potential victim. What is your first step?
- AOpen the airway and give 2 breaths
- BEnsure scene safety
- CBegin chest compressions
- DCheck for responsiveness
- ECall for help
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- 5/6 USMF, MED. 2, 5th Year (Medical Emergencies) Quiz on Emergencies (421-450), created by Sonya B. on 09/10/2026.
- Author
- Sonya B.
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- English
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