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Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8

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1 Neuro (Neurophysiology) Quiz on Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8, created by Zoila Rojas on 19/03/2016.
Zoila Rojas
Quiz by Zoila Rojas, updated more than 1 year ago
Zoila Rojas
Created by Zoila Rojas about 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which one of these is true about sensory information?
Answer
  • It is the process by which the brain makes interpretations about a stimulus.
  • It is a process that can be tested by using a nerve conduction study.
  • It is the process by which the stimulus is sent to the appropriate cortical region.
  • It is the process by which intensity of responsiveness to stimulus is regulated by the body.

Question 2

Question
Which of these is true about sensation?
Answer
  • Can be tested by a nerve conduction study.
  • It is the process by which stimulus gets sent to appropriate cortical region.
  • It is the process by which we make meaningful explanations about stimulus.
  • It is the ability to distinguish between different sensation modalities.

Question 3

Question
The ability to make meaningful interpretations about a variety of stimuli...
Answer
  • is performed by integration of association areas in the brain.
  • is a process very similar to sensory discrimination in occupational therapy.
  • all of these are true
  • none of these are true

Question 4

Question
Which of these is true about primary afferent axons?
Answer
  • A-alpha fibers transmit diffuse pain signals, like chronic pain.
  • A-beta fibers have the largest diameter and are the most myelinated, they carry mechanosensation.
  • A-delta fibers are less myelinated than a-beta and have a smaller diameter size, the carry acute pain information.
  • C-fibers carry proprioception information and are the smallest diameter and are not myelinated.
  • C-fiber and a-delta fibers both carry pain, temperature and itch sensation.

Question 5

Question
Merkel's disc...
Answer
  • are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors
  • send information via A-delta axons
  • are sensitive to deep touch
  • are sensitive to superficial pressure
  • are sensitive to stretch
  • are tonic receptors

Question 6

Question
Which of these is not a subcutaneous mechanoreceptor?
Answer
  • hair follicle receptor
  • pacinian corpuscle
  • ruffini endings
  • free nerve endings

Question 7

Question
Meissner's corpuscle...
Answer
  • send signals via a-beta axon and are sensitive to deep vibration
  • are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors
  • have the same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscles
  • have large receptive fields
  • are sensitive to sustained touch

Question 8

Question
Pacinian corpuscles...
Answer
  • have the same adaptation rate as ruffini endings
  • are sensitive to light vibration
  • are superficial mechanoreceptors
  • have large receptive fields
  • respond to stretch in skin

Question 9

Question
Which of these is true about ruffini endings?
Answer
  • respond to stretch
  • subcutaneous receptors
  • have same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscle.
  • these are all true.

Question 10

Question
[blank_start]Merkel's disc[blank_end] respond to sustained touch and superficial pressure. [blank_start]Meissner's corpuscle[blank_end] respond to light touch and vibration. They are both [blank_start]superficial[blank_end] mechanoreceptors.
Answer
  • Merkel's disc
  • Meissner's corpuscle
  • superficial

Question 11

Question
Which of these is a factor that influences tactile discrimination?
Answer
  • areas with higher density of mechanoreceptors have greater tactile discrimination
  • body parts with small cortical representations have greater tactile discrimination
  • the receptive field size of pacinian corpsucles allow for greater tactile discrimination
  • the smaller the number of receptors in a given region the finer two-point discrimination you can make

Question 12

Question
Which of these is true about the adaptation rate of mechanoreceptors?
Answer
  • Receptors like pacinian corpuscle have a sustained response to a stimulus
  • merkel's disc and meissner's corpuscles generate a sustained response to stimulus
  • phasic receptors respond quickly but if the stimulus persists they habituate and stop firing
  • none of these are true

Question 13

Question
Which of these is not true about somatotopy?
Answer
  • The hands, face and mouth have a large somatotopic representation in the cortex.
  • The back and calves have a small somatotopic representation in the cortex.
  • Areas with high density of mechanoreceptors also have a bigger representation in sensory cortex.
  • People with phantom limb pain experience pain because they receptors for pain are still their but the sensory cortex for that limb is not.

Question 14

Question
Dermatomes...
Answer
  • are areas of the skin innervated by left and right dorsal roots and single spinal segment
  • information coming from the skin and entering at that particular level
  • are used to understand sensory deficits of a spinal cord injury
  • all of these are true

Question 15

Question
Which of these is true about neglect syndrome?
Answer
  • damage on right side of brain causes person to be unable to see objects in left visual field
  • damage on right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left side of body or visual field
  • damage on the right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left sid eof body or visual field, resolved by turning head to side
  • person is unable to identify object by touch

Question 16

Question
Stereognosis
Answer
  • is a process mediated by anterior parietal cortex
  • is the process of integrating all senses to identify object
  • is the process of identifying object by touch and no sight
  • problem with visual tracts and inability to see in left visual field

Question 17

Question
Which of these is true about dorsal column medial lemniscal and spinothalamic tract?
Answer
  • the DCML and ST carry A-beta axons
  • the point of decussation for the DCML is at the medulla, the point of decussation for ST is at the level where it enters
  • the DCML carries a-beta and a-delta fibers whereas the ST carries c fibers
  • the ST has a more detailed projection to thalamus and cortex than the DCML
  • the transmission of information is slower in the DCML than in the ST

Question 18

Question
[blank_start]Pain[blank_end] is the negative feeling you experience. [blank_start]Nociceptors[blank_end] are free branching unmyelinated never endings. [blank_start]Nociception[blank_end] is the conduction of information along pain pathways.
Answer
  • Pain
  • Nociceptors
  • Nociception

Question 19

Question
Sensitivity to pain in tissue that have already been damaged is..
Answer
  • nocioception
  • hyperalgesia
  • primary hyperalgesia
  • secondary hyperalgesia

Question 20

Question
Which of these increases sensitivity to other stimuli in nociceptors after an injury?
Answer
  • prostagladins
  • bradykins
  • substance P
  • K+ ions

Question 21

Question
Bradykins...
Answer
  • directly depolarize nociceptors
  • cause vasodilation in the region
  • causes swelling in region
  • acts on mast cells

Question 22

Question
Substance P...
Answer
  • is a neurotransmitter
  • is released by nociceptors
  • acts on white blood cells - mast cells - to release histamine
  • causes redness and swelling in region
  • all of these are true

Question 23

Question
Substance P and histamine....
Answer
  • cause redness and swelling in region
  • are neurotransmitters
  • are released by mast cells
  • has impact on action potential

Question 24

Question
COX-1...
Answer
  • is a necessary enzyme for synthesizing bradykins
  • ensures natural mucus lining of stomach
  • can be inhibited to decrease sensitivity of primary hyperalgesia
  • when inhibited does not affect stomach lining

Question 25

Question
C fibers...
Answer
  • have an excitatory effect on gate interneurons, activitating gate and allowing transmission of pain information
  • have an inhibitory effect on gate interneuron, inactivating gate and allowing transmission of pain information
  • have an excitatory effect on gate interneuron, activating gate and stopping transmission of pain information
  • have an inhibitory effect on gate interneurons, inactivating gate and stopping transmission of pain information

Question 26

Question
Simultaneous firing of a-beta/a-alpha and c fiber axons at the gate interneuron could result in...
Answer
  • activation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission
  • inactivation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission
  • activation of gate interneuron and continued transmission pain information
  • inactivation of gate interneuron and continued transmission of pain information

Question 27

Question
Which of these is not true about PAG?
Answer
  • causes direct release of serotonin
  • receives information about emotional status from amydala and prefrontal cortex
  • sends projections to raphe nuclei to release serotonin
  • when directly stimulated there is a decrease in pain

Question 28

Question
Endorphins...
Answer
  • are released by raphe nuclei
  • are widely distributed in CNS but concentrated in DCML tract
  • increase release of glutamate
  • inhibit release of glutamate

Question 29

Question
Which one of these neurotransmitter is used by the spinothalamic tract to aid in transmission of pain?
Answer
  • serotonin
  • endorphins
  • ACTH
  • glutamate
  • substance P

Question 30

Question
Which of these is true about opioids?
Answer
  • endorphins are opioids
  • opioids bind tightly to glutamate receptors to inhibit transmission of pain
  • profound analgesic with few side effects
  • released during states of flow

Question 31

Question
Which of these is NOT true about acupuncture?
Answer
  • at the spinal level stimulates endorphin releasing cells to inhibit pain at that level
  • causes release of enkaphalin by PAG which in turn causes release of serotonin and norepinephrine
  • modulates effect of secondary hyperalgesia
  • modulates effect of primary hyperalgesia

Question 32

Question
Which of these is not proprioceptive information?
Answer
  • current position of joints
  • tension on tendons
  • deep vibration
  • high frequency vibration
  • kinesthesia

Question 33

Question
Which of these is not part or directly communicates with muscle spindles?
Answer
  • nuclear bag fibers
  • 1a afferents
  • alpha motor efferent
  • gamma motor efferent

Question 34

Question
Quick stretch activates which structure:
Answer
  • muscle spindle
  • nuclear bag fiber in muscle spindle
  • muscle fiber
  • golgi tendon organ

Question 35

Question
Gamma motor neurons....
Answer
  • adjust sensitivity of muscle spindle to changes in muscle length
  • synapse with alpha motor neurons in anterior horn
  • are located in the dorsal horn of spinal cord
  • adjust sensitivity of muscle fibers to changes in muscle length

Question 36

Question
In the myotatic stretch reflex
Answer
  • stretched muscle spindles facilitate alpha motor neuron discharge
  • gamma motor neurons discharge in response to muscle stretch
  • II afferent synapses with alpha motor neurons
  • 1a afferent axons travels from DRG to synapse with alpha motor neurons at dorsal horn

Question 37

Question
Which of these is true about Golgi tendon organs?
Answer
  • the GTO is located in the intrafusal fibers of the muscle
  • Its II afferent axons from GTO send signals to interneuron in dorsal horn where they synapse with alpha motor neurons
  • has the same effect on alpha motor neurons as the 1a afferent of nuclear bag fibers
  • is stimulated by muscle stretch
  • loss of GTO organs results in an inability to modulate muscle force

Question 38

Question
The lower motor neuron
Answer
  • refers to the communication between an alpha motor neuron to muscle fiber
  • refers to communication between a gamma motor neuron and muscle spindle
  • refers to communication between gammas motor neuron and muscle fiber
  • refers to communication between alpha motor neuron and muscle spindle

Question 39

Question
Which of these is true about different type of muscle fibers?
Answer
  • deep postural muscle are made up entirely of slow oxidative fibers
  • muscles that maintain stability and posture are made up of type 2 fibers
  • fast glycolitic muscles are recruited first for a given movement
  • after brain damage there is spasticity in muscles that are largely dominated by white muscle fibers
  • white fibers are slow to contract

Question 40

Question
Which of these is not true about alpha motor neurons?
Answer
  • each muscle fiber is innervated by a single alpha motor neuron
  • alpha motor neurons innervate several muscle fibers
  • the greater the number of alpha motor neurons firing the greater the number of muscle fibers recruited
  • a motor unit is the total number of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle

Question 41

Question
The greater the innervation ratio of motor units, the more likely that muscle is responsible for precise movements.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Which of these is not true about motor units?
Answer
  • fast motor units are made largely of white muscle fibers
  • the axon's that innervate muscle fibers that are used for high endurance activities have a large diameter
  • the firing properties of neurons that innervate muscles for high endurance are low frequency and steady
  • muscles that rapidly fatigue are innervated by axons with high velocity conduction

Question 43

Question
The collection of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle is...
Answer
  • a motor unit
  • a motor neuron pool
  • an interneuron pool
  • all of the above

Question 44

Question
The [blank_start]sarcolemma[blank_end] is the outer covering the muscle fiber. The [blank_start]sarcoplasmic reticulum[blank_end] is the outer covering of the [blank_start]myofibrils[blank_end] that make up the muscle fiber. [blank_start]Sarcomere[blank_end]s make up of the myofibrils and contains two types of filaments made up of [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] and [blank_start]actin[blank_end].
Answer
  • sarcolemma
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • myofibrils
  • Sarcomere
  • myosin
  • actin

Question 45

Question
The structures that allows communication between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma are the
Answer
  • t-tubules
  • myofibril
  • actin

Question 46

Question
The z-line is the boundary between two adjacent...
Answer
  • sarcolemmas
  • sarcomeres
  • myofibrils
  • muscle fibers

Question 47

Question
Which of these is structures is store house for the Ca+2 ions responsible for mediating muscle contraction?
Answer
  • sarcolemma
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • t-tubules
  • myofibril

Question 48

Question
Which of these is true about troponin?
Answer
  • Blocks actin from binding onto site on myosin thick filament
  • Blocks myosin from binding onto site on actin thin filament
  • Presence facilitates binding of myosin and actin during contraction
  • Ca2+ binds unto myosin and exposes actin to binding with troponin

Question 49

Question
Which of these is true about ACh role during muscle contraction?
Answer
  • binds to nicotinic receptors on post synaptic neuron
  • is released by gamma motor neuron
  • binds to nicotinic receptor of sarcoplasmic reticiulum
  • binds to nicotinic receptors of sarcolemma

Question 50

Question
Which of these is true about action potential during muscle contraction?
Answer
  • with enough alpha motor neurons firing on muscle fiber an action potential will be generated
  • a single excitatory action potential in muscle fiber will generate an action potential
  • action potential sweeps between adjacent sarcomeres via t-tubules
  • none of these are true

Question 51

Question
Which of these is true about muscle contraction?
Answer
  • ACh binds to troponin so that myosin binding sites may be exposed to actin
  • calcium ions released from sarcolemma binds to troponin so that actin may bind to troponin
  • as long as ACh and ATP are available muscle contraction will continue
  • shortening of sarcomere via actin filaments coming closer together is muscle contraction

Question 52

Question
Reuptake of ACh in synaptic cleft causes muscle to stop contracting and relax.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Which substance stops release of ACh from alpha motor neurons?
Answer
  • calcium
  • endorphins
  • botox
  • acupuncture

Question 54

Question
All muscles that are primarily made of red fibers are made up of small motor units.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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