GI BLOCK: Week 4 - Large Intestines

1. 1How long are the large intestines?

   1. A1m
   2. B1.5m
   3. C2m
   4. D2.5m
   5. E0.5m
2. 2Which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

   1. ACaecum and appendix
   2. BAscending colon
   3. CTransverse colon
   4. DDescending colon
   5. ESigmoid colon
   6. FRectum
   7. GAnal canal
3. 3Which parts of the large intestine are NOT in the abdominal cavity?

   1. ACaecum and appendix
   2. BAscending colon
   3. CTransverse colon
   4. DDescending colon
   5. ESigmoid colon
   6. FRectum
   7. GAnal canal
4. 4Which parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

   1. ACaecum and appendix
   2. BAscending colon
   3. CTransverse colon
   4. DDescending colon
   5. ESigmoid colon
   6. FRectum
   7. GAnal canal
5. 5How long is the appendix?

   1. A7-10cm
   2. B10-13cm
   3. C5-10cm
   4. D10-12cm
   5. E8-12cm
6. 6What are the different positions that the appendix could be in?
   
   1. [blank_start]Retrocaecal[blank_end]
   2. [blank_start]Pelvic/descending[blank_end]
   3. [blank_start]Pre-ileal[blank_end]
   4. [blank_start]Post-ileal[blank_end]
   5. [blank_start]Subcaecal[blank_end]

   1. ARetrocaecal
   2. BPelvic/descending
   3. CPre-ileal
   4. DPost-ileal
   5. ESubcaecal
7. 7To which side of the caecum does the appendix attach?

   1. APostero-medial wall
   2. BInfero-medial wall
   3. CInfero-lateral wall
   4. DAntero-medial wall
   5. EPostero-lateral wall
8. 8Label this diagram of the large intestines.

   

   1. Atransverse colon
   2. Banal canal
   3. Crectum
   4. Dappendix
   5. Ecaecum
   6. Ftaenia coli
   7. Gascending colon
   8. Hsigmoid colon
   9. Ihaustrations
   10. Jhepatic flexure
   11. Ksplenic flexure
9. 9What defines the start of the sigmoid colon?

   1. ABeginning of the sigmoid mesocolon
   2. BL5 vertebral level
   3. CSharp fold in the descending colon
   4. DPelvic inlet
   5. ELevel of the bladder
10. 10At what level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta?

    1. AT12
    2. BL1
    3. CL2
    4. DL3
    5. EL4

11. 11At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta?

    1. AT12
    2. BL1
    3. CL2
    4. DL3
    5. EL4
12. 12Label the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.

    

    1. Ainferior mesenteric artery
    2. Bsuperior rectal artery
    3. Cabdominal aorta
    4. Dleft colic artery
    5. Edescending branch of the left colic a.
    6. Fascending branch of the left colic a.
    7. Gsigmoid arteries
13. 13Label the blood supply of the rectum and anal canal.

    

    1. Aright common iliac artery
    2. Bleft common iliac artery
    3. Csuperior rectal artery
    4. Dright internal iliac artery
    5. Eleft internal iliac artery
    6. Finferior rectal artery
    7. Ginternal pudendal artery
    8. Hmiddle rectal artery
14. 14How much fluid enters the large intestines per day, and how much of it is absorbed?

    1. A1500ml/day (1400ml absorbed)
    2. B1500ml/day (100ml absorbed)
    3. C2000ml/day (1000ml absorbed)
    4. D1500ml/day (1200ml absorbed)
    5. E2000ml/day (1400ml absorbed)
15. 15What stimulates defecation reflexes?

    1. AMass movement of faeces into the rectum
    2. BVoluntary opening of the external anal sphincter
    3. CCholecystokinin (CCK)
    4. DDistension of the sigmoid colon
    5. EParasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve
16. 16What are the 2 reflexes involved in defecation?
    
    1. [blank_start]Intrinsic reflex[blank_end]
    2. [blank_start]Parasympathetic defecation reflex[blank_end]

    1. AIntrinsic reflex
    2. BParasympathetic defecation reflex
17. 17Describe the intrinsic defecation reflex.
    
    1. Mediated by: [blank_start]local enteric nervous system[blank_end]
    2. Stimulated by: [blank_start]rectal wall distension[blank_end]
    
    3. Process of the intrinsic reflex:
    a. [blank_start]Distension of the rectal wall[blank_end] causes afferent signals to spread through the [blank_start]myenteric plexus[blank_end]
    b. This initiates [blank_start]peristaltic waves[blank_end] from the descending colon onwards
    i. This pushes faeces towards the anus
    c. [blank_start]Myenteric plexus[blank_end] sends inhibitory signals to the [blank_start]internal sphincter[blank_end]
    i. Internal sphincter [blank_start]opens[blank_end]
    d. [blank_start]External sphincter[blank_end] is [blank_start]voluntarily[blank_end] opened
    i. Defecation occurs

    1. Alocal enteric nervous system
    2. Brectal wall distension
    3. CDistension of the rectal wall
    4. Dmyenteric plexus
    5. Eperistaltic waves
    6. FMyenteric plexus
    7. Ginternal sphincter
    8. Hopens
    9. IExternal sphincter
    10. Jvoluntarily
18. 18Describe the parasympathetic defecation reflex.
    
    1. Mediated by: [blank_start]sacral segments S2, 3, 4[blank_end]
    2. Function: [blank_start]strengthens[blank_end] actions produced by the intrinsic reflex
    
    3. Process of the parasympathetic defecation reflex:
    a. [blank_start]Nerve endings[blank_end] in the [blank_start]rectum[blank_end] are stimulated and transmit signals to the spinal cord
    b. Parasympathetic fibres in the [blank_start]pelvic nerves[blank_end] carry the reflex back to the descending and sigmoid colons, rectum and anus
    i. This [blank_start]intensifies[blank_end] the [blank_start]peristaltic waves[blank_end] of the intrinsic reflex
    ii. This also causes [blank_start]relaxation of the internal sphincter[blank_end]
    c. External sphincter is relaxed [blank_start]voluntarily[blank_end]
    i. Defecation occurs

    1. Asacral segments S2, 3, 4
    2. Bstrengthens
    3. Cpelvic nerves
    4. DNerve endings
    5. Erectum
    6. Fintensifies
    7. Gperistaltic waves
    8. Hrelaxation of the internal sphincter
    9. Ivoluntarily
19. 19What is the innervation of the internal anal sphincter?

    1. ASplanchnic nerves (S4)
    2. BSplanchnic nerves (S2)
    3. CPudendal nerve
    4. DPelvic nerves (S2, 3, 4)
    5. EPelvic sympathetic plexus
20. 20What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?

    1. APudendal nerve
    2. BSplanchnic nerves (S4)
    3. CSplanchnic nerves (S3)
    4. DPelvic nerves (S2, 3, 4)
    5. EPelvic sympathetic plexus
21. 21Which biochemical changes would be seen in diarrhoea?
    
    1. [blank_start]Electrolyte losses[blank_end]
    a. [blank_start]Hyponatraemia[blank_end]
    b. [blank_start]Hypokalaemia[blank_end]
    c. [blank_start]Hypomagnesaemia[blank_end]
    2. [blank_start]Loss of water[blank_end]
    a. [blank_start]Dehydration[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]Volume depletion[blank_end]
    4. [blank_start]Increased urea levels[blank_end]
    5. [blank_start]Increased creatinine levels[blank_end]
    6. [blank_start]Metabolic acidosis[blank_end]

    1. AElectrolyte losses
    2. BHyponatraemia
    3. CHypokalaemia
    4. DHypomagnesaemia
    5. ELoss of water
    6. FDehydration
    7. GVolume depletion
    8. HIncreased urea levels
    9. IIncreased creatinine levels
    10. JMetabolic acidosis
22. 22Why are there no bacteria in the small intestine?
    
    1. [blank_start]Gastric acidity[blank_end]
    2. [blank_start]Propulsive movements[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]Pancreatic enzymes[blank_end]

    1. AGastric acidity
    2. BPropulsive movements
    3. CPancreatic enzymes
23. 23What types of bacteria are there in the large intestine?
    
     [blank_start]Strict anaerobes[blank_end] (99.9%)
     [blank_start]Non-sporing anaerobes[blank_end]
     [blank_start]Sporing anaerobes[blank_end]
     [blank_start]Sporing aerobes[blank_end]
     [blank_start]Microaerophiles[blank_end]
     [blank_start]Facultative organisms[blank_end]

    1. AStrict anaerobes
    2. BNon-sporing anaerobes
    3. CSporing anaerobes
    4. DSporing aerobes
    5. EMicroaerophiles
    6. FFacultative organisms
24. 24What are the conditions in the large intestine that allow for the growth of microflora?
    
    1. [blank_start]Stagnant motility[blank_end]
    2. [blank_start]Retropulsive contractions[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]Buffered pH[blank_end] (by bicarbonate secretion)
    4. [blank_start]Gut associated immune system tolerance[blank_end]
    5. [blank_start]Gut mucosal barrier[blank_end]

    1. AStagnant motility
    2. BRetropulsive contractions
    3. CBuffered pH
    4. DGut associated immune system tolerance
    5. EGut mucosal barrier
25. 25Outline the factors affecting the distribution of colonic microflora.
    
    1. [blank_start]Physiochemical factors[blank_end]
    a. [blank_start]pH[blank_end]
    b. [blank_start]Oxidation-reduction potential[blank_end]
    c. Oxygen tension
    d. Nutrient supply
    
    2. [blank_start]Host-bacteria interactions[blank_end]
    a. [blank_start]Saliva/bile[blank_end]
    b. [blank_start]Gastric/pancreatic secretions[blank_end]
    c. Immune system
    
    3. [blank_start]Microbe-microbe interactions[blank_end]
    a. [blank_start]Bacteriophages[blank_end]
    b. [blank_start]Bacteriocins[blank_end] – “a protein produced by bacteria of one strain and active against those of a closely related strain”
    c. Toxic metabolites

    1. APhysiochemical factors
    2. BHost-bacteria interactions
    3. CMicrobe-microbe interactions
    4. DpH
    5. EOxidation-reduction potential
    6. FSaliva/bile
    7. GGastric/pancreatic secretions
    8. HBacteriophages
    9. IBacteriocins
26. 26Complete the table describing the conditions in different parts of the colon.

    

    1. Afermentation by microflora
    2. Babsorption
    3. Cstorage
    4. Dabsorption
    5. Egreater absorptive capacity
    6. Felectroneutral absorption
    7. GpH 5-7
    8. HLiquid contents
    9. Ihigher short chain fatty acid content
    10. Jactive bacterial metabolism
    11. Kcarbohydrate fermentation
    12. LH2 production
    13. Msemisolid contents
    14. NpH 7+
    15. Oless bacterial activity
    16. Pamino acid fermentation
    17. Qmethane production
27. 27Which strain of E. coli would you NEVER treat with antibiotics?

    1. AE. coli 0157
    2. BE. coli 0729
    3. CE. coli 3010
    4. DE. coli 0166
    5. EE. coli 9025

Description

Undergraduate MBChB Year 2 Quiz on GI BLOCK: Week 4 - Large Intestines, created by Melissa Denker on 21/05/2016.

Author

Melissa Denker

Language

English

Views

0

Tags

mbchb year 2undergraduate

Rating

No ratings yet

Rate this quiz

Rate this quiz

More on Large Intestine and Rectum