Quiz
Unit 4 Test and quizes
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Questions in this quiz (38)
1Alfred Wegener devised the theory of :
- Aa) volcanic hazards
- Bb) epi-centre location
- Cc) continental drift
- Dd) determining the earthquake magnitude
2John Tuzo Wison's contribution to the understanding of plate tectonics was
- Aa) the description of the transform boundaries
- Bb) that volcanoes formed over hot spots
- Cc) that volcanoes formed at subduction zones
- Dd) both a and b are correct
3The Himalayan Mountains were formed due to
- Aa) converging of an ocean and continental plate
- Bb) converging of two continental plates
- Cc) divergence of two plates
- Dd) friction and folding at a transform boundary
4Which of the following processes does not help drive plate movements?
- Aa) mantle convection
- Bb) ridge slip
- Cc) ridge push
- Dd) slab pull
5The San Andrea's Fault in which plates are slipping past one another in different directions is a:
- Aa) transform boundary
- Bb) collision boundary
- Cc) subduction zone
- Dd) continental slip
6The Ring of Fire is:
- Aa) located around the Atlantic Ocean
- Bb) located around the Indian Ocean
- Cc) located around the Pacific Ocean
- Dd) the volcanic islands around Hawaii
7_____________ is a surface wave with an up and down motion:
- Aa) P wave
- Bb) S wave
- Cc) Love wave
- Dd) Rayleigh wave
8_____________ is a compression wave that moves through rock and liquid
- Aa) P wave
- Bb) S wave
- Cc) Love wave
- Dd) Rayleigh wave
9Which statement is correct and allows seismologists to determine the epicentre of an earthquake?
- Aa) S waves are shear waves
- Bb) P waves are faster than S waves
- Cc) Love waves are faster than Rayleigh waves
- Dd) S waves travel through liquid and rock
10The _____________ is the spot underground where the break occurs causing the earthquake .
- Aa) focus
- Bb) epicentre
- Cc) fault
- Dd) basal slip
11Due to the compression forces, the rock cracks and as a result one rock slides underneath another rock forcing it upward. This is an example of a:
- Aa) strike slip fault
- Bb) normal fault
- Cc) thrust fault
- Dd) transform fault
12The name of the equipment that records earthquake waves is a :
- Aa) seismogram
- Bb) seismograph
- Cc) Richter scale
- Dd) Mercalli scale
13What two pieces of information do you need to know in order to determine the Richter Magnitude?
- Aa) distance from earthquake and the lag time
- Bb) the distance from the earthquake and highest amplitude of waves
- Cc) lag time and the lowest amplitude of waves
- Dd) lowest amplitude and epi-centre location
14Which of the statements regarding earthquake scales is correct?
- Aa) A magnitude 6 earthquake has 3 times more shaking than a magnitude 2 earthquake.
- Bb) The Mercalli scale is a quantitative scale.
- Cc) The Mercalli scale requires the observations from people to determine the intensity.
- Dd) The Richter scale is a qualitative measure.
15which of the following may cause a tsunami?
- Aa) earthquake along a subduction zone
- Bb) submarine landslides
- Cc) volcanic island eruption
- Dd) a, b and c may all cause tsunamis
16Which earthquake will likely produce the least damage and risk?
- Aa) earthquake along a fault in the centre of a plate.
- Bb) earthquake along a subduction boundary.
- Cc) earthquake along a transform boundary
- Dd) earthquake of magnitude 10 but out in the middle of the ocean.
17______________ volcanoes in Hawaii are not life threatening.
- Aa) composite
- Bb) Shield
- Cc) Cinder cone
- Dd) Terrestrial
18The internal layers of the Earth are divided:
- Aa) by chemical composition
- Bb) by amount of heat produced
- Cc) every 1000 km
- Dd) both a and c are correct
19The _____ varies in thickness from 35 70 km in the continents.
- Aa) inner core
- Bb) outer core
- Cc) mesosphere
- Dd) crust
20The ____________ is composed of a liquid nickel iron alloy and is 2300.
- Aa) upper mantle
- Bb) outer core
- Cc) inner core
- Dd) lower mantle
21This is composed of mostly " light " alumino silicate rocks.
- Aa) crust
- Bb) mantle
- Cc) asthenosphere
- Dd) inner core
22The ____________ is the " plastic " layer in which the lithosphere floats on.
- Aa) asthenospehere
- Bb) upper mantle
- Cc) mesosphere
- Dd) crust
23_________________________________ is the bending of the crust due to a large mass on top.
- Aa) deflation
- Bb) basal slip
- Cc) aggradation
- Dd) isotasy
24The shadow zone is
- Aa) where only the P waves arrive at a station
- Bb) where only the S waves arrive at a station
- Cc) where both the P and S waves arrive at a station
- Dd) where neither the P nor the S waves arrive at a station
25The movement of loose particles by wind, water or ice is called:
- Aa) erosion
- Bb) weathering
- Cc) deposition
- Dd) deflation
26The transport of materials by rolling along is called
- Aa) saltation
- Bb) traction
- Cc) deflation
- Dd) suspension
27Sandstone is more vulnerable to erosion than granite because:
- Aa) it is a softer rock
- Bb) it forms above ground
- Cc) it has small pores between grains
- Dd) a and b are correct
28The zone of ablation is the :
- Aa) area snow accumulates in the formation of a glacier
- Bb) area where snow is disappearing by melting
- Cc) build up of the river bed due to sediment deposition
- Dd) area where no P and S waves arrive at a seismic station
29Which statement regarding fluvial processes is correct?
- Aa) Striations are a major feature of erosion.
- Bb) Traction is the movement of particles along the river surface
- Cc) Deflation is the movement of particles in solution.
- Dd) The largest particles settle first as the velocity of the river decreases.
30Which statement regarding dune formation is correct?
- Aa) the slipface must be greater than 30 m to be classified as a dune.
- Bb) The windward slope is steep.
- Cc) The tiny landslides allow the dune to move with the direction of the wind
- Dd) The tiny landslides occur because of small earthquakes.
31ocean continental plate converge, [blank_start]the thin[blank_end], [blank_start]more dense[blank_end] oceanic plate slips below [blank_start]the continental plate[blank_end]. The [blank_start]descending[blank_end] plate pulls [blank_start]the edge of the continental plate[blank_end] creating [blank_start]deep ocean trenches.[blank_end] Then the continental plate is [blank_start]lifted[blank_end] and [blank_start]a mountain chain develops[blank_end] on the [blank_start]overriding[blank_end] continental plate. The oceanic crush then [blank_start]melts into the earth[blank_end] and [blank_start]few molten rocks[blank_end] rises through the [blank_start]cracks[blank_end] in the crust to [blank_start]form volcanoes.[blank_end]
- Athe thin
- Bmore dense
- Cthe continental plate
- Ddescending
- Ethe edge of the continental plate
- Fdeep ocean trenches.
- Glifted
- Ha mountain chain develops
- Ioverriding
- Jfew molten rocks
- Kcracks
- Lform volcanoes.
- Mmelts into the earth
32[blank_start]Two[blank_end] oceanic plates converge [blank_start]the same general process[blank_end] occur; however, with the [blank_start]formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]very deep trenches.[blank_end]
- ATwo
- Bthe same general process
- Cformation
- Dvery deep trenches.
33[blank_start]Two[blank_end] continental plates converge [blank_start]neither rock sub ducts[blank_end] because they are [blank_start]both relatively light[blank_end]. Instead the rock [blank_start]buckles[blank_end] and [blank_start]is pushed upwards[blank_end]., and produces [blank_start]high mountains and plateaus.[blank_end]
- ATwo
- Bneither rock sub ducts
- Cboth relatively light
- Dbuckles
- Eis pushed upwards
- Fhigh mountains and plateaus.
34Explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes compared to the location of plate boundaries.
Earthquakes are located [blank_start]at or near plate boundaries[blank_end] and come [blank_start]along the faults[blank_end] within [blank_start]the middle of the plates[blank_end]. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] earthquakes occur along faults [blank_start]associated with plate boundaries[blank_end]. [blank_start]Volcanoes[blank_end] are located where the plates are [blank_start]converging and subduction zones[blank_end] and some volcanoes [blank_start]are over hot spots.[blank_end]- Aat or near plate boundaries
- Balong the faults
- Cthe middle of the plates
- DLarge
- Eassociated with plate boundaries
- FVolcanoes
- Gconverging and subduction zones
- Hare over hot spots.
35Label the correct term for the following seismogram.
- Aamplitude
- BP waves
- CLag time
- DS waves
- ESurface waves
36How does the type of surface ( soft soil vs. bedrock) affect earthquake waves and damage?
Seismic waves have a [blank_start]greater impact[blank_end] and is [blank_start]more amplified[blank_end] in [blank_start]soft soils[blank_end] than [blank_start]bedrocks[blank_end]. The seismic wave [blank_start]causes[blank_end] [blank_start]more damages[blank_end] and [blank_start]shake impact[blank_end] on [blank_start]soil[blank_end] then on [blank_start]bedrock material[blank_end].- Agreater impact
- Bmore amplified
- Csoft soils
- Dbedrocks
- Ecauses
- Fmore damages
- Gshake impact
- Hsoil
- Ibedrock material
37Describe the three different types of weathering processes and give an example of each.
[blank_start]Chemical weathering[blank_end] is the [blank_start]chemical change of the minerals in the[blank_end] rock. [blank_start]Metamorphic chemical[blank_end] changes are usually mistaken as [blank_start]chemical weathering[blank_end]. one example of chemical weathering is [blank_start]acid rain[blank_end]; when [blank_start]fossil fuels[blank_end] are [blank_start]burnt[blank_end] they release [blank_start]carbon and nitrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]with the moisture in the air[blank_end] it produces [blank_start]sulfuric acid[blank_end] and [blank_start]carbonic acid[blank_end], which is why it has [blank_start]more acidity[blank_end] then average rainfalls.
.[blank_start]Mechanical weathering[blank_end] is the [blank_start]physical breakdown[blank_end] of the rocks into [blank_start]smaller fragments[blank_end] without c[blank_start]hanging the chemical composition.[blank_end] One example is [blank_start]Freeze-thaw[blank_end]. When water is [blank_start]leaked into crack[blank_end]s of rocks and it [blank_start]freezes it expands[blank_end] and [blank_start]pushes[blank_end] the rocks [blank_start]apart.[blank_end]
[blank_start]Biological weathering[blank_end] may involve [blank_start]bother chemical[blank_end]; [blank_start]production of organic compounds[blank_end] that [blank_start]break down minerals[blank_end] and [blank_start]rocks and physical processes;[blank_end] roots growing into [blank_start]cracks[blank_end]; depending on [blank_start]the processes of the organism[blank_end]. one example is when [blank_start]tiny bacteria, algae[blank_end], [blank_start]moss grow[blank_end] on rocks and produces a [blank_start]chemical break down on the surface[blank_end] of the rock.- AChemical weathering
- Bchemical change of the minerals in the
- CMetamorphic chemical
- Dchemical weathering
- Eacid rain
- Ffossil fuels
- Gburnt
- Hcarbon and nitrogen
- Iwith the moisture in the air
- Jsulfuric acid
- Kcarbonic acid
- Lmore acidity
- MMechanical weathering
- Nphysical breakdown
- Osmaller fragments
- Phanging the chemical composition.
- QFreeze-thaw
- Rleaked into crack
- Sfreezes it expands
- Tpushes
- Uapart.
- VBiological weathering
- Wbother chemical
- Xproduction of organic compounds
- Ybreak down minerals
- Zrocks and physical processes;
- AAcracks
- ABthe processes of the organism
- ACtiny bacteria, algae
- ADmoss grow
- AEchemical break down on the surface
38Describe two land form features formed by each other following forces: water, wind, and ice.
[blank_start]Water:[blank_end] At the [blank_start]upper reaches[blank_end] of rivers in the [blank_start]mountains[blank_end], the [blank_start]velocity of a river[blank_end] is high [blank_start]due to gradation changes[blank_end] and [blank_start]erosion is an active[blank_end] process as the river tries to [blank_start]adjust to the topography[blank_end], As a result, large canyons and valleys are [blank_start]often carve out of the mountains[blank_end].
Where there is [blank_start]differential erosion[blank_end] within the ground, water falls [blank_start]are shaped[blank_end] with the [blank_start]erosion[blank_end] of the [blank_start]cliff.[blank_end]
[blank_start]Wind:[blank_end] Deposition of sand [blank_start]occurs as sand sheets[blank_end], which are generally [blank_start]flat rolling area of sand[blank_end], as dunes with gentle [blank_start]upwind slopes[blank_end] and [blank_start]steep leeward slopes to as a slipface[blank_end]. The [blank_start]minimum height[blank_end] of the slipface for the [blank_start]mound[blank_end] to be classified as a dune is [blank_start]30 cam[blank_end]. The [blank_start]sand grains[blank_end] move up the slope by [blank_start]saltation and creep[blank_end], the particles accumulate at the [blank_start]top[blank_end], and when the [blank_start]angle of repose[blank_end] is exceeded they fall over in a tiny landslid. As this process continues the dune moves in the [blank_start]direction of the wind.[blank_end]
Most of the [blank_start]dust[blank_end] carries by [blank_start]dust storms[blank_end] is in the form of [blank_start]slit-size particle[blank_end]s, and the [blank_start]deposits of windblown silt[blank_end] are called [blank_start]loess[blank_end].
[blank_start]Yardangs;[blank_end] sculpted land forms; are up to [blank_start]tens of meters high[blank_end] and [blank_start]kilometers long[blank_end] and have been [blank_start]streamlines by the erosion[blank_end] due to the [blank_start]desert wind.[blank_end]
[blank_start]Ice/Glaciers:[blank_end] [blank_start]Cirques[blank_end] are horseshoe shaped [blank_start]depressions[blank_end] formed by the [blank_start]erosional action of alpine glaciers[blank_end]. [blank_start]Moraine[blank_end] are glacial rocks that are deposited along [blank_start]the edges of the glaciers.[blank_end] [blank_start]Kettles are large chunks[blank_end] of ice left in a depression [blank_start]melt to form small rounded lakes.[blank_end] [blank_start]Kames[blank_end] are [blank_start]ponds[blank_end] or depressions left by [blank_start]melting masses of glacial ice.[blank_end]- AWater:
- Bupper reaches
- Cmountains
- Dvelocity of a river
- Edue to gradation changes
- Ferosion is an active
- Gadjust to the topography
- Hoften carve out of the mountains
- Iare shaped
- Jerosion
- Kcliff.
- Ldifferential erosion
- MWind:
- NIce/Glaciers:
- Ooccurs as sand sheets
- Pflat rolling area of sand
- Qupwind slopes
- Rsteep leeward slopes to as a slipface
- Sminimum height
- Tmound
- U30 cam
- Vsand grains
- Wsaltation and creep
- Xloess
- Ytop
- Zangle of repose
- AAdirection of the wind.
- ABdust
- ACdust storms
- ADslit-size particle
- AEdeposits of windblown silt
- AFYardangs;
- AGtens of meters high
- AHkilometers long
- AIstreamlines by the erosion
- AJdesert wind.
- AKCirques
- ALdepressions
- AMerosional action of alpine glaciers
- ANMoraine
- AOthe edges of the glaciers.
- APKettles are large chunks
- AQmelt to form small rounded lakes.
- ARKames
- ASponds
- ATmelting masses of glacial ice.
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- Grade 12 Earth and Space Science Quiz on Unit 4 Test and quizes, created by Winnie Cee on 26/07/2016.
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- Winnie Cee
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