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Cognitive Psychology Chapter 4

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Quiz to study for CH 4 test
Amanda Chaiet
Quiz by Amanda Chaiet, updated more than 1 year ago
Amanda Chaiet
Created by Amanda Chaiet over 7 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which is true of anxiety and fear?
Answer
  • FEAR is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • ANXIETY is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
  • FEAR prepares us for action
  • ANXIETY increases respiration, perspiration, muscle tension, and others

Question 2

Question
Most individuals with one anxiety disorder also suffer from a second one
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Check all that are DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
Answer
  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
  • Panic disorder
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Agoraphobia
  • Specific phobias
  • Depression
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Multiple personality disorder

Question 4

Question
Anxiety also plays a major role in which different groups of problems?
Answer
  • OCD
  • depression
  • Bipolar
  • multiple personality disorder
  • All of the above

Question 5

Question
Which is FALSE of generalized anxiety disorders?
Answer
  • Common in Western society
  • About one-fourth in treatment
  • Men diagnosed more often than women (2:1)
  • Usually first appears in childhood or adolescence

Question 6

Question
Which perspective theorized excessive childhood neurotic or moral anxiety sets stage for GAD

Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 7

Question
Which perspective used general techniques like free association, transference, resistance, and dreams
 to treat all psychological problems?
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 8

Question
Which perspective used object-relations therapists to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems to treat GAD
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 9

Question
Which perspective says GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 10

Question
Which perspective uses client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard to treat GAD.
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humantisic
  • Behavioral

Question 11

Question
Which perspective says psychological problems are often caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking – including excessive worry and maladaptive assumptions.
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Question 12

Question
Which new wave cognitive theory states certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small; they worry in an effort to find “correct” solutions
Answer
  • Metacognitive Theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Question 13

Question
Which new wave cognitive theory suggests that the most problematic assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about worrying (METAWORRY)
Answer
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
  • Avoidance Theory

Question 14

Question
Which new wave cognitive theory holds that worrying serves a “positive” function for those with GAD by reducing unusually high levels of bodily arousal
Answer
  • Metacognitive theory
  • Intolerance of Uncertainty theory
  • Avoidance theory

Question 15

Question
Which perspective treats GAD by breaking down worrying by helping them to recognize their inclination to worry and helping clients to become aware of streams of thoughts, including worries, and to accept these as mind events (Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Therapy)
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 16

Question
Which perspective believe that GAD is caused primarily by biological factors like competing explanation of shared environment involving GABA inactivity
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 17

Question
The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the
Answer
  • amygdala
  • prefrontal cortex
  • anterior cingulate
  • hippocampus
  • cerebellum
  • hypothalamus

Question 18

Question
Which perspective treats GAD with anti anxiety drug therapy and relaxation techniques
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Biological

Question 19

Question
Phobias are persistent and unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities, or situations and often involve avoidance of the object or thoughts about it
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Most people seek treatment for phobias
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Which is true of agoraphobia
Answer
  • People with agoraphobia are afraid of being in situations where escape might be difficult, should they experience panic or become incapacitated.
  • Many people with agoraphobia avoid crowded places, driving, and public transportation

  • In any given year, 2.2 percent of adults experience this problem, women twice as frequently as men.
  • The disorder also is twice as common among wealthy people vs. poor ones.
  • three-fifths of people agoraphobia are in treatment.
  • Many also are prone to experience extreme and sudden explosions of fear – called “PANIC ATTACKS” – and may receive a second diagnosis of panic disorder

Question 22

Question
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.
Answer
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Question 23

Question
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.
Answer
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Question 24

Question
Which phobia develops through a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.
Answer
  • Classical conditioning
  • Modeling
  • Stimulus generalization

Question 25

Question
What perspective is also called “PREPAREDNESS” because human beings are theoretically more “prepared” to acquire some phobias than others

Answer
  • Behavioral-evolutionary perspective
  • Behavioral perspective
  • Evolutionary perspective
  • Biological perspective

Question 26

Question
Which treatment of phobias teaches relaxation skills, create fear hierarchy, and pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
Answer
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Modeling
  • Flooding

Question 27

Question
Which treatment of phobias involves forced nongradual exposure
Answer
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Question 28

Question
Which treatment of phobias involves the therapist confronting the feared object while the fearful person observes
Answer
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • Flooding
  • Modeling

Question 29

Question
What is the most common and effective treatment for agoraphobia
Answer
  • Exposure
  • Flooding
  • Modeling
  • Systematic Desensitization

Question 30

Question
Which of the following about agoraphobia treatments is FALSE
Answer
  • Therapists help clients venture farther and farther from their homes to confront the outside world.
  • Therapists use techniques similar to those used for treating a specific phobia but, in addition, use support groups and home-based self-help programs.
  • Between 60-80 percent of clients with agoraphobia who receive treatment find it easier to enter public places, and the improvement lasts for years.
  • Improvements are often complete, and relapses are uncommon.

Question 31

Question
Select all that can help treat social anxiety
Answer
  • Assertiveness Training Groups
  • Medication
  • Psychotherapy
  • Exposure Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapies
  • There is no treatment

Question 32

Question
Which statement is FALSE
Answer
  • Unlike specific phobias, social fears are often reduced through MEDICATION (particularly antidepressants).
  • Several types of PSYCHOTHERAPY have proved at least as effective as medication.
  • People treated with psychotherapy are more likely to relapse than people treated with drugs alone.
  • All are true

Question 33

Question
Panic attacks are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and gradually pass
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Which of the following statements about panic disorders are FALSE
Answer
  • Has different prevalence across various cultures and racial groups

  • Tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood

  • Is twice as likely to occur in women than men

  • Is 50 percent more likely to appear in poor people than wealthier people

  • Is often accompanied by agoraphobia

Question 35

Question
Which perspective uses drug therapies to treat panic disorders?
Answer
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Humanistic
  • Behavioral

Question 36

Question
Which perspective describes panic disorders as the tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
Answer
  • Cognitive
  • Biological
  • Behavioral
  • Humanistic

Question 37

Question
What panic disorder treatment is used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in presence of researcher or therapist such as jumping up and down, running up a flight of steps, and practicing coping strategies and making more accurate interpretations.
Answer
  • Biological Challenge Procedures
  • Behavioral Challenge Procedures
  • Cognitive Challenge Procedures
  • Humanistic Challenge Procedures

Question 38

Question
Mark all that is true of OCD
Answer
  • Person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a drive to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
  • It is estimated that more than 40% of those with OCD seek treatment
  • It is more common in women than men
  • Between 1 and 2 percent of U.S. population suffer from OCD in a given year; as many as 3 percent over a lifetime
  • Occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
  • Minimal distress or impairment
  • The obsessions or compulsions take up considerable time

Question 39

Question
OBSESSIONS are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Which is true of OBSESSIONS?
Answer
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Have common themes
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals

Question 41

Question
Which is true of COMPULSIONS
Answer
  • Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • Have common forms/themes
  • Behaviors often develop into rituals
  • Behaviors reduce anxiety- but only for a short time
  • Believe that something terrible will occur if they do not perform the acts
  • Most recognize that their behaviors are unreasonable
  • Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessive thoughts.

Question 42

Question
Which perspective states that OCD is played out in overt thoughts and actions Id impulses = obsessive thoughts Ego defenses = counter-thoughts or compulsive actions
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 43

Question
Which perspective concentrates on explaining and treating compulsions rather than obsessions and proposes that people happen upon their compulsions quite randomly
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 44

Question
Which perspective treats OCD by exposing a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then preventing the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Therapists often model the behavior while the client.
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 45

Question
Which perspective indicates that everyone has repetitive, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts
 and suggests that people with OCD blame themselves for normal (although repetitive and intrusive) thoughts and expect that terrible things will happen as a result
.
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 46

Question
Which perspective believes people attempt to “NEUTRALIZE” their thoughts with actions (or other thoughts)
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 47

Question
Which perspective treats OCD through psychoeducation and guiding the client to identify, challenge, and change distorted cognitions
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 48

Question
Which perspective describes OCD as abnormal SEROTONIN activity and abnormal brain structure and functioning
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 49

Question
Brain structures that have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder include the
Answer
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • caudate nucleus
  • thalamus
  • amygdala
  • cingulate cortex

  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus
  • prefrontal cortex

Question 50

Question
Which perspective treats OCD with serotonin-based antidepressants
Answer
  • Psychodynamic
  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Biological

Question 51

Question
In recent years, a growing number of clinical researchers have linked some excessive behavior patterns (e.g., hoarding, hair pulling, shopping, sex) to ANXIETY
Answer
  • True
  • False
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