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Anatomy 2 Exam 3
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Questions in this quiz (103)
1[blank_start]Digestion[blank_end] - reduction through hydrolysis of complex food substances into simpler monomers
- ADigestion
2Functions of digestion system: [blank_start]motility[blank_end] , [blank_start]secretion[blank_end] , [blank_start]digestion[blank_end] , and [blank_start]absorption[blank_end]
- Amotility
- Bsecretion
- Cdigestion
- Dabsorption
3[blank_start]ingestion[blank_end] - intake of food into GI tract
- Aingestion
4Transportation of food through system by [blank_start]peristalsis[blank_end]
- Aperistalsis
5Mastication - [blank_start]chewing[blank_end]
- Achewing
6Deglutition - [blank_start]swallowing[blank_end]
- Aswallowing
7Mixing by [blank_start]segmentation[blank_end] and [blank_start]churning[blank_end]
- Asegmentation
- Bchurning
8[blank_start]Egestion[blank_end] - defecation
- AEgestion
9[blank_start]Exocrine[blank_end] - secretion of products to aid in digestion
- AExocrine
10Examples of exocrine secretions are [blank_start]HCI[blank_end] , [blank_start]water[blank_end] , [blank_start]bicarbonate[blank_end] , and [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end]
- AHCI
- Bwater
- Cbicarbonate
- Denzymes
11[blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end] - secretion of hormones to regulate GI tract
- AEndocrine
12[blank_start]endoderm[blank_end] forms the epithelial lining of gut and glands
- Aendoderm
13[blank_start]splanchnic mesoderm[blank_end] forms smooth muscle and CT of tube and organs
- Asplanchnic mesoderm
14All organs of the GI tract have the same four basic layers : [blank_start]Mucosa[blank_end] , [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] , [blank_start]Muscularis[blank_end] (externa), and [blank_start]Serosa[blank_end] (visceral peritoneum)
- AMucosa
- BSubmucosa
- CMuscularis
- DSerosa
15The [blank_start]Mucosa[blank_end] is the inner most functional layer and has three sublayers: [blank_start]epithelium[blank_end] , [blank_start]lamina propria[blank_end] and [blank_start]muscularis mucosa[blank_end]
- AMucosa
- Bepithelium
- Clamina propria
- Dmuscularis mucosa
16[blank_start]Epithelium[blank_end] layer of the mucosa lines the entire tract and is responsible for [blank_start]absorption[blank_end] and [blank_start]secretion[blank_end]
- AEpithelium
- Babsorption
- Csecretion
17The [blank_start]Lamina Propria[blank_end] layer of the Mucosa is loose areolar CT, furnishes [blank_start]blood[blank_end] and [blank_start]lymph vessels[blank_end] to epithelium, and is the first line of defense in gut
- ALamina Propria
- Bblood
- Clymph vessels
18The epithelium and lamina propria may be folded to form [blank_start]villi[blank_end]
- Avilli
19The [blank_start]muscularis mucosa[blank_end] is smooth muscle layer that produces local movement of [blank_start]mucosa[blank_end]
- Amuscularis mucosa
- Bmucosa
20The [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] is a mixture of loose areolar and dense irregular CT that contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, glands, and elastin fibers
- ASubmucosa
21The submucosa layer of the GI tract contains the [blank_start]Meissner's plexus[blank_end] which controls [blank_start]gland activity[blank_end] and [blank_start]muscularis mucosa[blank_end]
- AMeissner's plexus
- Bgland activity
- Cmuscularis mucosa
22[blank_start]Muscularis[blank_end] (externa) - thick smooth muscle layer that usually consists of an outer [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] and inner [blank_start]circular[blank_end] layer (LOCI)
- AMuscularis
- Blongitudinal
- Ccircular
23Muscularis is the layer responsible for [blank_start]peristalsis[blank_end] and [blank_start]mixing[blank_end]
- Aperistalsis
- Bmixing
24Areas of circular muscle layer can enlarge to form [blank_start]sphincter muscles[blank_end]
- Asphincter muscles
25The [blank_start]Auerbach's plexus[blank_end] lies between the longitudinal and circular layer of the muscularis and controls their [blank_start]activity[blank_end]
- AAuerbach's plexus
- Bactivity
26[blank_start]Serosa[blank_end] (visceral peritoneum) - outermost layer of GI tract, mesotheium with some areolar CT
- ASerosa
27When the gut lies outside the [blank_start]peritoneum[blank_end] the Serosa is replaced by [blank_start]fibrous CT[blank_end] and it is called an [blank_start]adventitia[blank_end] layer
- Aperitoneum
- Bfibrous CT
- Cadventitia
28Activity in the GI tract is controlled largely by neurons [blank_start]intrinsic[blank_end] to the GI tract with the autonomic nervous system [blank_start]increasing[blank_end] or [blank_start]decreasing[blank_end] that activity
- Aintrinsic
- Bincreasing
- Cdecreasing
29Mouth is used for [blank_start]ingestion[blank_end] and generates the food [blank_start]bolus[blank_end]
- Aingestion
- Bbolus
30The 3 kinds of papillae on the tongue are [blank_start]filiform[blank_end] , [blank_start]fungiform[blank_end] , and [blank_start]vallate[blank_end]
- Afiliform
- Bfungiform
- Cvallate
31[blank_start]Papillae[blank_end] are peg-like projections of mucosa
- APapillae
32[blank_start]Filiform[blank_end] papillae - most numerous, cone shaped and keratinized. Function is to increase [blank_start]friction[blank_end]; no taste buds
- AFiliform
- Bfriction
33[blank_start]Fungiform[blank_end] papillae - mushroom shaped with taste buds, widely dispersed across tongue
- AFungiform
34[blank_start]Vallate[blank_end] papillae - found in a V-shaped row 2/3 back on tongue, all have [blank_start]taste buds[blank_end]
- AVallate
- Btaste buds
35[blank_start]Salivary glands[blank_end] - secrete saliva. Main glands are [blank_start]parotid[blank_end] , [blank_start]submandibular[blank_end] , and [blank_start]sublingual[blank_end]
- ASalivary glands
- Bparotid
- Csubmandibular
- Dsublingual
36[blank_start]Saliva[blank_end] - mixture of water , electrolytes , mucus , enzymes and antibodies; primary role is to [blank_start]moisten[blank_end] mouth/food
- Amoisten
- BSaliva
37[blank_start]Pharynx[blank_end] - function is swallowing and has 3 constrictor muscles, the junctional area of [blank_start]oral[blank_end] and [blank_start]nasal[blank_end] cavities as well as the [blank_start]esophagus[blank_end] and [blank_start]trachea[blank_end]
- APharynx
- Boral
- Cnasal
- Desophagus
- Etrachea
38[blank_start]Esophagus[blank_end] - actively transports food by peristalsis and is collapsed when food is not present; has an upper and lower [blank_start]esophageal sphincter[blank_end] (lower is physiological only)
- AEsophagus
- Besophageal sphincter
39The Esophagus has an [blank_start]adventitia[blank_end] layer instead of the [blank_start]serosa[blank_end] layer; with no mesentery
- Aadventitia
- Bserosa
40Muscular coat of the Esophagus has both [blank_start]smooth[blank_end] and [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] muscle
- Asmooth
- Bskeletal
41The epithelium of the esophagus is [blank_start]stratified squamous[blank_end] with mucus glands
- Astratified squamous
42Function of the stomach: [blank_start]food storage[blank_end] and [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] digestion
- Afood storage
- Bmechanical
43[blank_start]Chyme[blank_end] - liquefied food
- AChyme
44Stomach only absorbs [blank_start]water[blank_end] , [blank_start]electrolytes[blank_end] and some [blank_start]drugs[blank_end]
- Awater
- Belectrolytes
- Cdrugs
45The stomach secretes [blank_start]pepsinogen[blank_end] in adults and [blank_start]rennin[blank_end] and [blank_start]lipase[blank_end] in children for milk digestion
- Apepsinogen
- Blipase
- Crennin
46[blank_start]Rugae[blank_end] - allow for stomach expansion
- ARugae
47Mucous neck cells - found in gastric glands, secrete [blank_start]heavy mucus[blank_end]
- Aheavy mucus
48[blank_start]Peptic cells[blank_end] - found in the gastric glands, secrete pepsinogen , rennin , and lipase
- APeptic cells
49Pepsinogen - inactive enzyme that activates [blank_start]pepsin[blank_end] to break down [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] in [blank_start]polypeptides[blank_end]
- Apepsin
- Bproteins
- Cpolypeptides
50[blank_start]Parietal Cells[blank_end] - secrete HCI and gastric intrinsic factor (so B12 can be absorbed)
- AParietal Cells
51Enteroendocrine Cells - secretes [blank_start]gastrin[blank_end] which stimulates [blank_start]gastric juice production[blank_end]
- Agastrin
- Bgastric juice production
52Undifferentiated stem cells - found in gastric glands are mitotically active cells that replace lost [blank_start]epithelial[blank_end] cells
- Aepithelial
53Small Intestine - longest part of GI tract, site of most [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] digestion and virtually all [blank_start]absorption[blank_end]
- Achemical
- Babsorption
54The small intestine absorbs the [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] and 7-9L of [blank_start]water[blank_end] in the chyme
- Anutrients
- Bwater
55The [blank_start]plica circularis[blank_end] , [blank_start]villi[blank_end] , and [blank_start]microvilli[blank_end] all help increase surface area
- Aplica circularis
- Bvilli
- Cmicrovilli
56[blank_start]Plica Circularis[blank_end] - permanent folding of mucosa and submucosa
- APlica Circularis
57Villi - fingerlike protrusions of the [blank_start]mucosa[blank_end] that contain [blank_start]blood vessels[blank_end] and [blank_start]lacteal[blank_end]
- Ablood vessels
- Blacteal
- Cmucosa
58[blank_start]Microvilli[blank_end] - microscopic protrusions of the cell membrane from each epithelial cell. Creates a brush border.
- AMicrovilli
59Mucosa in the small intestine has [blank_start]intestinal glands[blank_end] (called crypts of Lieberkuhn) that secrete [blank_start]intestinal juice[blank_end].
- Aintestinal glands
- Bintestinal juice
60Intestinal glands have the following cells: [blank_start]absorptive[blank_end] , [blank_start]goblet[blank_end] , [blank_start]Paneth[blank_end] , [blank_start]enteroendocrine[blank_end] , and [blank_start]stem[blank_end] cells
- Aabsorptive
- Bgoblet
- CPaneth
- Denteroendocrine
- Estem
61Brunner's glands - found in submucous of [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end], neutralizes [blank_start]stomach acid[blank_end]
- Aduodenum
- Bstomach acid
62[blank_start]Peyer's Patches[blank_end] - large lymphoid aggregates found in ileum
- APeyer's Patches
63The Large Intestine functions are: absorption of 90% of the [blank_start]water[blank_end] it receives , [blank_start]egestion[blank_end] , and limited absorption of [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] and [blank_start]vitamins[blank_end]
- Awater
- Begestion
- Cminerals
- Dvitamins
64Water absorption in the large intestine is accomplished by [blank_start]membrane pumps[blank_end] located in the [blank_start]basolateral membrane[blank_end]
- Amembrane pumps
- Bbasolateral membrane
65[blank_start]Taenia coli[blank_end] - cause the colon to pucker into pouches called [blank_start]haustra[blank_end]
- ATaenia coli
- Bhaustra
66Large intestine has [blank_start]simple columnar[blank_end] epithelium
- Asimple columnar
67[blank_start]Vermiform appendix[blank_end] - extension of cecum that contains lymphoid tissue
- AVermiform appendix
68[blank_start]Liver[blank_end] - developed from outpocket of endoderm and is the largest gland in the body (second largest organ)
- ALiver
69Some of the major functions of the liver are: [blank_start]metabolism[blank_end] , storage of [blank_start]Fe[blank_end] , [blank_start]Cu[blank_end] , and [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end] , storage of [blank_start]vitamins[blank_end] , production of [blank_start]plasma proteins[blank_end] and [blank_start]bile[blank_end], and [blank_start]detoxifies[blank_end] blood
- Ametabolism
- BFe
- CCu
- Dglycogen
- Evitamins
- Fplasma proteins
- Gbile
- Hdetoxifies
70[blank_start]Kupffer cells[blank_end] - resident macrophage found in sinusoids that eliminates foreign matter and dying blood cells
- AKupffer cells
71The hepatic portal venule and artery empty into the [blank_start]sinusoids[blank_end] which empty into the [blank_start]central vein[blank_end] that flows to form the [blank_start]hepatic vein[blank_end]
- Asinusoids
- Bcentral vein
- Chepatic vein
72Bile canaliculi pick up the bile produced by [blank_start]hepatocytes[blank_end] and moves it to the [blank_start]hepatic ducts[blank_end]
- Ahepatocytes
- Bhepatic ducts
73The hepatic ducts exit the liver to form the [blank_start]common bile duct[blank_end] that enters into the [blank_start]duodenum[blank_end]
- Acommon bile duct
- Bduodenum
74In the duodenal wall the common bile and pancreatic ducts merge in a papilla known as the [blank_start]Ampulla of Vater[blank_end] which empties into the [blank_start]duodenal lumen[blank_end]
- AAmpulla of Vater
- Bduodenal lumen
75The Ampulla of Vater is controlled by a sphincter known as the [blank_start]Sphincter of Oddi[blank_end]
- ASphincter of Oddi
76[blank_start]Hemolytic Jaundice[blank_end] - as RBC are broken down the liver does not excrete bilirubin fast enough so it accumulates
- AHemolytic Jaundice
77[blank_start]Obstructive Jaundice[blank_end] - blockage of bile ducts prevents adequate secretion of bile
- AObstructive Jaundice
78[blank_start]Medical Jaundice[blank_end] - dysfunction of liver cells
- AMedical Jaundice
79Infant Jaundice is [blank_start]hemolytic[blank_end] and is treatable by exposing skin to a blue light that converts [blank_start]bilirubin[blank_end] into an easily exretable form
- Ahemolytic
- Bbilirubin
80[blank_start]Gall bladder[blank_end] - develops from ducts of liver
- AGall bladder
81Gall bladder functions: [blank_start]storage[blank_end] and [blank_start]concentration[blank_end] of bile
- Astorage
- Bconcentration
82Gall bladder is drained by the [blank_start]cystic duct[blank_end] into the common bile duct
- Acystic duct
83When the [blank_start]Sphincter of Oddi[blank_end] is closed the bile backs up into the gall bladder
- ASphincter of Oddi
84The [blank_start]heterocrine[blank_end] gland in the pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine
- Aheterocrine
85Exocrine function of the heterocrine gland is the production of [blank_start]pancreatic juice[blank_end] (juice consists of a [blank_start]buffer[blank_end] and [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end] for digestion)
- Apancreatic juice
- Bbuffer
- Cenzymes
86Endocrine function of the heterocrine gland is to secrete [blank_start]hormones[blank_end] into blood to regular [blank_start]blood sugar levels[blank_end]
- Ahormones
- Bblood sugar levels
87Alpha cells produce - [blank_start]glucagon[blank_end]
- Aglucagon
88Beta cells produce - [blank_start]insulin[blank_end]
- Ainsulin
89Delta cells produce - [blank_start]somatostatin[blank_end]
- Asomatostatin
90[blank_start]Stomodeum[blank_end] - invagination of ectoderm to form mouth which breaks through to connect with the pharynx
- AStomodeum
91[blank_start]Proctodeum[blank_end] - invagination of ectoderm that breaks through to the colon forming the rectum and anus
- AProctodeum
92[blank_start]Metabolic rate[blank_end] - total rate of body energy use
- AMetabolic rate
93[blank_start]Basal metabolic rate[blank_end] - minimum amount of energy needed to stay alive
- ABasal metabolic rate
94[blank_start]lipogensesis[blank_end] - fat synthesis
- Alipogensesis
95[blank_start]lipolysis[blank_end] - fat breakdown
- Alipolysis
96[blank_start]gluconeogenesis[blank_end] - new formation of glucose
- Agluconeogenesis
97[blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] - breakdown of glucose
- Aglycolysis
98[blank_start]Glycogenolysis[blank_end] - breakdown of glycogen into glucose
- AGlycogenolysis
99[blank_start]Absorptive state[blank_end] - (of metabolism) occurs during and for about 4 hours after eating, dominated by [blank_start]insulin[blank_end]
- AAbsorptive state
- Binsulin
100Increase use of glucose = decrease in [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] glucose
- Aplasma
101[blank_start]Post-absorptive state[blank_end] - (of metabolism) occurs after absorption of meal is finished body must switch to reserves for energy
- APost-absorptive state
102Glucagon - stimulated by [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] glucose in plasma, [blank_start]increased[blank_end] amino acids and [blank_start]sympathetic activity[blank_end]
- Adecreased
- Bincreased
- Csympathetic activity
103Actions of Glucagon - [blank_start]lipolysis[blank_end] , [blank_start]glycogenolysis[blank_end] , [blank_start]gluconeogenesis[blank_end]
- Alipolysis
- Bglycogenolysis
- Cgluconeogenesis
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- Quiz on Anatomy 2 Exam 3, created by Nicole Shade on 18/04/2017.
- Author
- Nicole Shade
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- English
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