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Ontology & Epistemology

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RDA2 - Qualitative Quiz on Ontology & Epistemology , created by Róisín Farmer on 02/05/2017.
Róisín Farmer
Quiz by Róisín Farmer, updated more than 1 year ago
Róisín Farmer
Created by Róisín Farmer about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Define ontology:
Answer
  • Whether reality does or does not exist separately from human practice
  • What counts as legitimate knowledge and which knowledge to trust
  • Demonstrates knowledge using unbiased and objective data collection
  • Reality depends on human interpretation

Question 2

Question
A realist ontological perspective assumes:
Answer
  • Reality independent from human knowledge as observations reflect reality, 1 true reality is out there to be discovered
  • Reality depends on human interpretation, with multiple, constructed realities which differ across time
  • Knowledge is socially influenced, whereby observations reflect a separate reality which can only be partially accessed
  • Questions objective knowledge, whereby observations reflect a constructed reality via, for example, discourse and systems

Question 3

Question
Who would typically take a realist ontological perspective?
Answer
  • Quantitative researchers
  • Qualitative researchers
  • Either quantitative or qualitative researchers
  • Neither

Question 4

Question
Who would typically take a relativist ontological perspective?
Answer
  • Qualitative researcher
  • Quantitate researcher
  • Either quantitative or qualitative researcher
  • Neither

Question 5

Question
Identify assumptions of the relativist ontological perspective:
Answer
  • Reality depends on human interpretation, with multiple, constructed realities which differ across time
  • Reality independent from human knowledge as observations reflect reality, 1 true reality is out there to be discovered
  • Knowledge is socially influenced, whereby observations reflect a separate reality which can only be partially accessed
  • Questions objective knowledge, whereby observations reflect a constructed reality via, for example, discourse and systems

Question 6

Question
Taking a relativist ontological perspective involves critiquing what features of research: (2)
Answer
  • Reliability: for ignoring individual differences and contextual differences
  • Objectivity: for ignoring the fact that the researcher inevitable influences research
  • Subjectivity: for allowing their subjective values and assumptions influence research
  • Positivism: demonstrating knowledge via unbiased and objective data collection

Question 7

Question
Which ontological perspective sits between realism and relativism?
Answer
  • Critical realism
  • Positivism
  • Constructionism
  • Contextualism

Question 8

Question
A critical realist ontological perspective assumes:
Answer
  • Knowledge is socially influenced, whereby observations reflect a separate reality which can only be partially accessed
  • There is no 1 reality, with knowledge emerging from context
  • Reality depends on human interpretation, with multiple, constructed realities which differ across time
  • Reality independent from human knowledge as observations reflect reality, 1 true reality is out there to be discovered

Question 9

Question
Define epistemology:
Answer
  • What counts as legitimate knowledge and which knowledge to trust
  • Whether reality does or does not exist separately from human practice
  • Demonstrating knowledge via unbiased and objective data collection
  • Acknowledges the researcher being influenced by the context

Question 10

Question
Identify features of the positivist epistemological approach: (3)
Answer
  • Demonstrates knowledge using unbiased and objective data collection methods
  • Is aligned with empiricism, meaning it separates the observer and observed
  • Uses the scientific method to gain valid knowledge
  • Questions objective knowledge
  • Reality is constructed via discourse systems which is ideological
  • There is no singular truth

Question 11

Question
A constructionist epistemological approach assumes:
Answer
  • Questions objective knowledge, whereby reality is constructed via discourse and systems thus having an ideological function, with no singular truth
  • Reality is independent from human knowledge as observations are assumed to reflect reality, with one singular truth 'out there' to be discovered
  • Reality depends on human interpretation with multiple, constructed realities which differ across time and context
  • Knowledge emerges from context and is therefore local, situated and provisional, but retains in interest in understanding the trust, but in context, with no singular truth

Question 12

Question
Which epistemological approach sites between positivism and constructionism?
Answer
  • Contextualism
  • Critical realism
  • Relativism
  • Realism

Question 13

Question
Identify features of the contextualist epistemological approach: (4)
Answer
  • Sits between positivism and constructionism
  • No singular reality
  • Knowledge emerges from context and is thus local, situated and provisional
  • Retains an interest in understanding the trust, but in context
  • Aligned with empiricism, meaning it separates the observer and observed
  • Questions objective knowledge, assuming reality is constructed via discourse and systems

Question 14

Question
Ontological and epistemological perspective help aid methodology decision-making
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Define methodology:
Answer
  • Refers to frameworks within which research is conducted to aid decision-making, such as what participants to use
  • To explore/understanding meaning and ways people make meaning
  • Process of critically reflecting on the knowledge produced and our role in producing it
  • What counts as legitimate knowledge and which knowledge to trust

Question 16

Question
Data production refers to:
Answer
  • The creation of new data via data collection methods such as interviews or surveys
  • The use of existing data via data collection methods such as newspaper clippings or the internet
  • To explore/understand meaning and ways in which people make meanings
  • Refers to the framework within which research is conducted to aid decision-making, such as what data collection method to use

Question 17

Question
Data that only touches the surface level could be referred to as:
Answer
  • Shallow/thin
  • Rich
  • Positivist
  • Critical realist

Question 18

Question
Data that provides a thorough and thoughtful commentary on a topic could be referred to as:
Answer
  • Rich
  • Shallow
  • Thin
  • Methodology

Question 19

Question
Identify features of qualitative research: (5)
Answer
  • Not to prove theory
  • Not to determine a relationship between factors
  • No hypothesis
  • To explore and understand meaning and ways in which people make meaning
  • To test the hypothesis
  • To prove theory
  • Open-ended

Question 20

Question
A positivist-empiricist paradigm:
Answer
  • Avoids bias to produce objective knowledge
  • Values subjectivity, seeing research as a subjective process which can be used as a research tool
  • Process of critically reflecting on the knowledge produced and our role in producing it
  • How the research tools and process may have influenced research

Question 21

Question
A qualitative paradigm:
Answer
  • Values subjectivity, seeing research as a subjective process which can be used as a research tool
  • Avoids bias to produce objective knowledge
  • Reality independent from human knowledge as observations reflect reality, 1 true reality is out there to be discovered
  • Critical realist

Question 22

Question
Our subjectivity can be used as a research tool, requiring reflexivity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Define reflexivity:
Answer
  • Process of critically reflecting on the knowledge produced and our role in producing it
  • To explore/understand meaning and ways in which people make meaning
  • The creation of new data via data collection methods such as interviews or surveys
  • Knowledge is socially influenced, whereby observations reflect a separate reality which can only be partially accessed

Question 24

Question
Identify the 2 forms of reflexivity: (2)
Answer
  • Functional
  • Personal
  • Shallow
  • Rich

Question 25

Question
Functional reflexivity refers to:
Answer
  • How research tools and the research process may have influenced the research
  • How the researcher themselves may have impacted the research
  • How research is a subjective process
  • Refers to the framework within which research is conducted to aid decision-making

Question 26

Question
Personal reflexivity refers to:
Answer
  • How research tools and the research process may have influenced the research
  • How the researcher themselves may have impacted the research
  • There is no 1 reality, with knowledge emerging from context
  • Process of critically reflecting on the knowledge produced and our role in producing it

Question 27

Question
Considering how our embodiment/presence and how our assumptions can shape the knowledge produced is an example of:
Answer
  • Personal reflexivity
  • Functional reflexivity
  • Positive-empiricist paradigm
  • Realism

Question 28

Question
Which of the following are examples of qualitative methods of data collection: (7)
Answer
  • Story completion tasks
  • Surveys
  • Interviews
  • Focus groups
  • Diaries
  • Internet
  • Printed visual media
  • Thematic analysis
  • Grounded theory
  • Interpretive Phenomenological analysis

Question 29

Question
Which of the following are examples of qualitative data analysis: (4)
Answer
  • Thematic
  • Interpretive phenomenological
  • Grounded theory
  • Discourse
  • Interviews
  • Focus groups
  • Printed visual media
  • Diaries

Question 30

Question
Identify features of quantitative analysis: (7)
Answer
  • Numbers
  • Shallow
  • Artificial
  • Causal relationships
  • Scientific
  • Generalisable
  • Objective
  • Subjective
  • Natural
  • Inductive methods

Question 31

Question
Identify features of qualitative analysis: (6)
Answer
  • Words
  • Rich/insightful
  • Natural
  • Values subjectivity
  • Inductive methods: bottom-up
  • Credible research = validates research
  • Empirical testing
  • Isolates variables
  • Objective
  • Causal relationships
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