Bio-med

What is DNA?

• Key points! (8)
• Human DNA is a unique code of over three billion base pairs that provides a genetic blueprint of an individual.
• DNA is packaged as chromosomes
• Each chromosome contains numerous genes or segments of DNA sequence that code for traits
• DNA from all living organisms has the same basic structure
• The differences between all living organisms lies in the sequences of the nucleotides.
• Restriction enzymes recognize and cut specific sequences in DNA
• Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size
• Used in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis
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• Caption: DNA labeled Base pairs

DNA "Breakdown" or "Overview"

• The order of the letters in the code are what makes each organism different
• Building blocks in the strand of DNA is - A SEQUENCE
• Most known human genes code are proteins or RNA molecules
• Humans have the same genes in the same order
• DNA is made up of 4 building blocks
• The few differences can affect how much protein is made- where its made-when its made
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Purines & Pyrimidines

• Purines
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Both have double carbon rings
• Amount of rings effects what they can bond with
• C goes to G
• Pyrimidines
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Both have single carbon rings
• Amount of rings effects what they can bond with
• A goes to T