Science Important Info

SCIENCE SLIDES

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Cells: The Basic Unit of Life

Many cells put together make much larger structures. A bunch of the same type of cells working together is called a tissue, like a muscle or nerve tissue. Different types of tissues working together are called an organ, like the brain or liver. Different types of organs working togther are called a system like the circulatory system. Different systems working together make a body!

There are 3 major types of living things: Eukarya, bacteria, and archaea. These domains are actually based on differences in the structures of cells! All organisms in the domain eukarya are made up of cells with a nucleus that contains genetic information. Some eukarya are tiny organisms that are each made up of only one cell, but most are made up of trillions of cells. Examples of eukarya include birds, pine trees, dogs, mushrooms, and humans. Almost all bacteria and archaea are tiny organisms that are each made up of only one cell with no nucleus. Instead of being contained in a nucleus their fenetic material just floats around inside the cell. Bacteria and archea are in different domains because they have different kinds of molecules inside their cells. It turns out that these molecules are important for determining where the organism can live and what they can use to get energy. For example, one way bacteria and archaea cells are different has to do with their cell membranes, the barriers that seperate their insides from the outside enviroment. The cell membranes of archea can withstand very high tempetures and harsh climates. That is one reason why some archea can sometimes be found lving in places where nothing else can survive. 

Using Cells to classify organisms

Carbon in the Global Ecosystem

Science Chart (binary/octet-stream)

Caption: : This graph shows how quickly carbon dioxide increased in the Earth's atmosphere during a 50-year period.

Fossil Fuels

Coal, oil, and gas are called "fossil fuels" for a reason: they are the carbon rich matter left behind by plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These plants and animals were buried deep underground before they could decompose, so decomposers never broke down the dead matter. Over millions of years, the remains of the plants and animals turned into carbon-rich fossil fuels- coal, oil, and gas. The carbon that was in the plants and animals when they died is still there; it's just part of the fossil fuels. When we burn fossil fuels in cars, factories, or power plants, carbon that has been stored in the ground for millions of years is released into the air as carbon dioxide.

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The Carbon Cycle

Caption: : The arrows in the diagram show the pathway the carbon follows as it moves around the ecosystem. The burning fossil fuels arrow shows how humans increase the amount of carbon in an ecosystem by burning dead matter and fossil fuels.

Impacting Planet Earth

All the extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is having many negative effects on the global ecosystem, and especially on the climate of the planet. Adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere changes climate and weather patterns around the flobe in eays that make it harder for many organisms to survive. Increased carbon dioxide causes global tempatures to rise, makes oceans more acidic, and changes weather patterns. These changes may increase the chances of extreme weather events like hurricanes and droughts, which affect humans directly as well as the ecosystems and farms we depend on. By increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we are gambaling with our very way of life.

Crash!

When a car hits a bug both the car and the bug experience the same forces. However those same forces have a much bigger effect on the bug because it's mass is much less than the car.

When a bumper car carrying a person with a lot of mass collides with a bumper car carrying a person without much mass both bumper cars and both people experience the same forces. However, those forces have a much stronger effect on the person with less mass, causing them to zoom across the floor.

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Bump!

The distrubution of forces in a collision between your car and a bug isn't so different from forces in collision between your bumper car and your brother's- in both collisions, both objects (or people) experience equal forces. It's the difference in masses between the people or objects that makes the effects of the collision dramatically different.

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BUMP (Continued)