Valance Electrons

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A chemical reaction involves either electron removal, electron addition, or electron sharing.

Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom.

In the second period elements, the two electrons in the 1s1s sublevel are called inner-shell electrons and are not involved directly in the element's reactivity or in the formation of compounds.

Lithium has a single electron in the second principal energy level and so we say that lithium as one valence electron.

To tell how many electrons there are on a principal energy level we use the formula 2n2 were n stands for the principal energy level.