Bimestral-Ingles

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We use as + adjective/adverb +as to make comparisons when the things we are

comparing are equal in some way

We use not as … as to make comparisons between things which aren’t equal

We often use expressions of possibility or ability after as … as

When we want to make comparisons referring to quantity, we use as much as with

uncountable nouns and as many as with plural nouns

We can use as much as and as many as before a number to refer to a large number of

something

Comparative adjectives compare one person or thing with another and enable us to say

whether a person or thing has more or less of a particular quality

Superlative adjectives describe one person or thing as having more of a quality than all

other people or things in a group

A comparative compares a person or thing with another person or thing. A superlative

compares a person or thing with the whole group of which that person or thing is a

member:

When there are just two members in a group, traditionally, we use the comparative.

However, in informal situations people often use the superlative:

To form the comparative, we use the -er suffix with adjectives of one syllable

(big, cold, hot, long, nice, old, tall)

To form the superlative, we use the -est suffix with adjectives of one syllable. We normally

use the before a superlative adjective

Farther and further are comparative adverbs or adjectives. They are the irregular

comparative forms of far. We use them to talk about distance. There is no difference in

meaning between them.

We often use along with farther and further

We often use a little, a bit or a lot before further and farther

Superlative forms of Farthest and furthest: They are superlative adjectives or adverbs.

They are the irregular superlative forms of far.

We also use further to mean ‘more’

The expression further to is often used in formal letters and emails when someone writes

as a follow-up to a previous letter or email

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We can use “will” to talk about the future. We also use will to make predictions, talk about

decisions, and to make promises, offers, requests and threats.

“Will” and the negative form “will not” or “won’t” is a modal auxiliary verb.

Note: “will” is often abbreviated to ‘ll in spoken English:

“I’ll leave later.”

To make the question form, change the word order:

“You will leave later” = “Will you leave later?”

1. To talk about the future

We can often use “will” + infinitive without “to” to refer to future events. This is often

called the “pure” future:

“I’ll be back later tonight – don’t bother making me dinner.”

2. To make predictions

We also use “will” to talk about what we think will happen in the future.

“I’m sure he’ll be a successful lawyer one day.”

Note: for “negative” predictions, make the “think” negative, not the “will”:

“I don’t think it’ll rain tonight” (Not “I think it won’t rain tonight.”)

3. To make decisions

When we make decisions at the same time as we speak, we use “will”.

4. To make promises, offers, requests and threats

There are many different ways to talk about the future in English. We use

different verb tenses depending on what we want to say about the future.

An instant decision is one that we make based on current circumstances. When we

must make a fast choice, this is an instant decision.

For these instant decisions, we must use the simple future with will.

Example:

Correct: Hmm, both of the specials sound really good, but I think I will have the chicken.

Incorrect: Hmm, both of the specials sound really good, but I think I am having the

chicken.

Remember that we also use the simple future with will when we are making offers. It is

very common for an instant decision to be an offer. We use the simple future with will in

both cases.

When we want to make a promise in English, we also use the simple future with will.

Example:

Correct: Thank you for the loan! I will pay you back next week.

Incorrect: Thank you for the loan! I am paying you back next week.

When we are making a promise, we must use the simple future with will. Since this is

different from an intention or an arrangement, we cannot use the present continuous or the

future with going to for a promise.

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Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, and future. The past is used to describe

things that have already happened. The present tense is used to describe things that are happening

right now, or things that are continuous. The future tense describes things that have

yet to happen

The simple presentis a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present

tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly.

In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third-

person singular (which ends in -s).

For a few verbs, the third-person singular ends with -es instead of -s. Typically,

these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z.

For most regular verbs, you put the negation of the verb before the verb, e.g. “She

won’t go” or “I don’t smell anything.”

The formula for making a simple present verb negative is do/does + not + [root form

of verb]. You can also use the contraction don’t or doesn’t instead of do not or does

not.

The formula for asking a question in the simple present is do/does + [subject] +

[root form of verb].

Do you know how to bake a pie? How much doesPauline love pie?

The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or

existed before now.

The simple past tenseshows that you are talking about something that has already

happened. Unlike the past continuous tense, which is used to talk about past events

that happened over a period of time, the simple past tense emphasizes that the action

is finished.

You can also use the simple past to talk about a past state of being, such as the way

someone felt about something. This is often expressed with the simple past tense of

the verb to be and an adjective, noun, or prepositional phrase.

For regular verbs, add -ed to the root form of the verb (or just -d if the root form

already ends in an e).

Fortunately, there is a formula for making simple past verbs negative, and it’s the

same for both regular and irregular verbs (except for the verb to be). The formula

is did not + [root form of verb]. You can also use the contraction didn’t instead

of did not.

For the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. When the subject of the

sentence is singular, use was not or wasn’t. When the subject is plural, use were

not or weren’t.

The formula for asking a question in the simple past tense is did + [subject] + [root

form of verb].

When asking a question with the verb to be, you don’t need the auxiliary did. The

formula is was/were + [subject].

The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t

happened yet.

Use the simple future to talk about an action or condition that will begin and end in

the future.

The formula for the simple future is will + [root form of verb].

There is another way to show that something will happen in the future. It follows the

formula [am/is/are] + going to + [root form verb].

The “going to” construction is common in speech and casual writing. Keep in mind

though that it’s on the informal side, so it’s a good idea to stick to the will + [root

form] construction in formal writing.

To make the simple future negative, the formula is will + not + [root form].

Using the “going to” construction, the formula is [am/is/are] + not + going to +

[root form].

To ask a question in the simple future, the formula is will + [subject] + [root form].

The formula for the “going to” construction is [am/is/are] + [subject] +going to +

[root form].