Exam 2

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Social and contextual learning: It is the learning that take with others and in real life situacions, Ex: learning in a classroom is social because ss learn with their peers the context is the classroom and surroundings.

Experimentalism is an educational philosophy that belives the way to truth is through experiments and experience. It emphasizes learning by doing and problem solvingl

Characteristic of experimentalism:

considered a theory of knowledge.

emphasizes direct action and scientific control.

methods and consequences.

Cognitivism is a learning theory that focusses on how inf is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind. It uses the mind as an inf processer, like a computer. Therefore, cognitivism looks beyond observable behavior, viewing learning as internal mental processes.

Characteristic of cognitivism: Learning goes beyond external, it is an internal process fo the brain, uses short and long-term memory.

Behavorism in education or behavorism learning theory is a branch of psychology that focuses how people learn through their interaction with the env. It is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which is a process of reinforcement and punishment.

Characteristics of behaviorism:

Learner is passive.

learns via external: positive/negative reinforcement.

Humanism emphasizes the imp of personal growth, self-actualization and whole-persoan develepment. Humanism learning theory emphasizes the unique needs and capabilities of each ss and underscore the efficacy of a personalized education.

Characteristic of humanism:

Emphasizes the freedom and autonomy of learners,

Focuses on fostering individual potential and personal growth.

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Conenectivism is the changing nature of knowledge acquisition in our digital age, is about what a learner needs to know, learners connect with each other, with their roles, obligations, hobbies and goals all these conections influence learning.

Characteristic of connectivism:

Learner is self-directed.

Learning happens through content/source/groups within networks.

Learning env theory refers to different aspects within the educational system that include ss, the content taught, and society.

Social cognitive theory is the awareness learners have of the social and cultural interaction that occurs during the educational experience of the learner.

Social cognitive theory focues on teaching and learning through various from of social interaction.

Instructional systems desing theory is a process of indentifing learner's needs, developing course content with an ensured learning outcome.

3 principles for construction learning env:

DP 1: The learning env should enhance teaching and learning and accommodate the needs of all learners.

DP 2: The learning env should serve as center of the community.

DP 3: The learning env should result from a planning and disign process involving all stakeholders.

Grammar Translation Method in classes, ss learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by traslating sentences between the target language and the native language. Advanced ss may be required to translate whole word-for-word.

Characteristic of Grammar Translation Method:

Classes are taught in the mother tongue

Little active use the target language

Translation from L1 to L2 is fostered.

Direct Method of teaching or natural method, often used in teaching foreing languague, refrains from using the learners' native langauge and uses only the target language.

Characteristic of Direct Method:

Teaching grammar by using an inductive approach.

Ex: Having learners find out rules through the presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the target lenaguage.

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Audiolingua Method is a method of foreing language teaching where the emphasis is on learning grammatical and phonological structure. It is based on behaviorism and so relies on inf as a basis for learning, throuhg a great deal of mechanical repetition.

Characteristics of Audiolingual Method:

New material is presented in dialogue from.

Silent Way is a method of language teaching based on the premise that the teacher should be silet as much as possible and the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible.

Suggestopedia asserts that the physical surroundings and atmosphere of classroom are vital factors in making sure that "ss feel comfortable and confident". It also promotes various techniques, including art and music, in teaching langaue.

Characteristic of the Suggestopedia Method:

The claims for suggestopedia learning are dramatic.

Total Physical Response is a method of teaching langauge or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and reduces ss inhibitions and lowers stress.

Characteristic of Total Physical Response:

They listen attentively.

Respond physucally to commands by the teacher.

Community Language Learning Method is a language teaching method which involves psychological aspect and ss work together to develop what skill of a language they would like to learn.

Characteristic of the CLL

Counselling role for teacher

Client roles for learners.

Post Method (post-method era) Freedom to use methods to convey learning materials, use procedures or techniques that teacher creates by himself base on his analysis in the CR, and, exrience and knowledge that teacher has of the ss he teaches.

Characteristic of the Post Method:

In language teaching and learning

Post-Method pedagogy hs three parameters: Particularuty, practicality, and possibility.

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Classroom management is understood or refer to actions that an instructor takes to create and maintain a learning environment that is conducive to successful instruction.

Strategy that do not belong to improve the classroom environment

A grumpy teacher.

Learners Needs is the gap between the learner's current level of knowledge and skills, and the level of knowledge and skills required to perform a task or a set of tasks.

Understanding Learner's needs Create personalised, effective learning experiences. This approach considers pace, interests, and abilities, making learning more enjoyable and impactful. Understaning learner needs allows schools to allocate resources effectively.