Chapter 6

1. 122. Research by Zhu, Ziang, Fan, and Han (2007) comparing brain images of college students from Eastern and Western cultures indicated which of the following?

   1. Aa) The self-concept of those in the East is fused with the concept of close others.
   2. Bb) The self-concept of those in the West is fused with the concept of close others.
   3. Cc) The self-concept of those in the East is processed on the right side of the brain and of those in the West, on the right side of the brain.
   4. Dd) There are no differences in the way self-concept is processed by those in the East and the West.
2. 221. Cross-cultural research on the nature of self-concept indicates that the need for positive regard ___________.

   1. Aa) is unequivocally universal
   2. Bb) is a priority in all cultures
   3. Cc) varies from culture to culture
   4. Dd) is a contingency of self-worth
3. 320. Researchers who studied over 10,000 cadets at West Point Military Academy found that those with strong internal or intrinsic motives were more likely to graduate and to receive early promotion recommendations. Among these same individuals, having equally strong external motives _____ this effect.
   

   1. Aa) lengthened
   2. Bb) deepened
   3. Cc) weakened
   4. Dd) strengthened
4. 419. A central tenet of ____________theory is that people have an inherent psychological need to engage in tasks that are intrinsically meaningful as opposed to action that is coerced, forced, or compelled, whether by internal forces or external forces.

   1. Aa) self-determination
   2. Bb) broaden and build
   3. Cc) self-discrepancy
   4. Dd) terror management
5. 518. Crocker, Sommers, and Luhtanen (2002) found that the self-worth of graduate school applicants was contingent upon the letters of acceptance and rejection they received from graduate programs only for students for whom academic success ______________.

   1. Aa) was central to their identity
   2. Bb) came easy
   3. Cc) was peripheral to their identity
   4. Dd) was difficult to achieve
6. 617. According to Higgins, discrepancies between the actual and ideal self lead to _____________-related emotions, whereas discrepancies between the actual and ought self lead to _______________-related emotions.

   1. Aa) dejection; agitation
   2. Bb) dejection; sadness
   3. Cc) agitation; dejection
   4. Dd) agitation; anxiety
7. 716. According to terror management theory, much of our behavior is motivated by _________________.
   

   1. Aa) the fear of death
   2. Bb) unconscious conflict
   3. Cc) positive emotions
   4. Dd) human strengths
8. 815. Many existentialists advocate ______________.

   1. Aa) determinism
   2. Bb) free will
   3. Cc) positive psychology
   4. Dd) behaviorism
9. 914. Though there are many different kinds of existentialists, all are concerned with _________________.

   1. Aa) the human condition
   2. Bb) positive psychology
   3. Cc) religion
   4. Dd) optimism
10. 1013. Individuals in a state of flow experience:

    1. Aa) a perceived match between skills and challenge
    2. Bb) a high level of focused attention
    3. Cc) a sense of intrinsic enjoyment in an activity
    4. Dd) all of the above

11. 1112. The central idea behind Fredrickon’s broaden and build theory of emotions is that positive emotions can __________________.

    1. Aa) lead an individual to be liked by a range of people
    2. Bb) widen the range of actions an individual pursue
    3. Cc) increase one’s circle of social support
    4. Dd) broaden the range of employment options
12. 1211. In cataloguing human strengths, Seligman and colleagues noted that for a characteristic to be a strength, it should be an enduring characteristic of the person that is beneficial in a variety of life domains. Which of the following, then, would not be characterized as a strength?

    1. Aa) Patience
    2. Bb) Transcendence
    3. Cc) Culinary skill
    4. Dd) Kindness
13. 1310. Contemporary psychologists such as Martin Seligman who have attempted to portray human strengths and virtues are part of the ________________.
    

    1. Aa) positive psychology movement
    2. Bb) Freud appreciation society
    3. Cc) Maslow hierarchy of needs
    4. Dd) Rogerian client-centered therapy
14. 149. Abraham Maslow believed that frustration resulted when individuals were unable to_________________

    1. Aa) express their id impulses
    2. Bb) realize their potential
    3. Cc) achieve financial gain
    4. Dd) satisfy their superego
15. 15
    8. Over the years, Rogers came to understand there was another feature of his relationship with his clients that was deeply intuitive and almost spiritual. He called this elusive yet hard to describe quality:
    

    1. Aa) Congruence
    2. Bb) Simplicity
    3. Cc) Presence
    4. Dd) Actuality
16. 167. According to research by Butler and Haigh (1954) the correlation between individuals’ actual and ideal selves (measured via Q-sorts) after 31 sessions of Rogerian therapy was:

    1. Aa) .00
    2. Bb) .34
    3. Cc) -.34
    4. Dd) 1.00
17. 176. Rogers recognized that a proper evaluation of the effectiveness of his therapeutic technique would require _______ methods.

    1. Aa) objective
    2. Bb) subjective
    3. Cc) proprietary
    4. Dd) correlational
18. 185. Of the three conditions necessary for psychological change, which refers to the ability to perceive the client’s experiences as they are perceived by the client?
    

    1. Aa) Empathic understanding
    2. Bb) Unconditional positive regard
    3. Cc) Congruence
    4. Dd) Effortlessness
19. 194. Of the three conditions necessary for psychological change, which can be summarized as a deep and genuine caring for the individual?

    1. Aa) Empathic understanding
    2. Bb) Unconditional positive regard
    3. Cc) Congruence
    4. Dd) Effortlessness
20. 203. In Rogers’s client-centered therapy, the therapist’s role is to do all of the following except:
    

    1. Aa) Summarize
    2. Bb) Reflect
    3. Cc) Understand
    4. Dd) Direct
21. 212. According to Rogers, individuals engage in defenses such as rationalization and projection because their experiences ______________ their sense of self.

    1. Aa) derogate
    2. Bb) contradict
    3. Cc) agree with
    4. Dd) subceive
22. 221. According to Rogers, the neurotic individual experiences a(n) _______________ between self and experience.

    1. Aa) Subception
    2. Bb) Congruence
    3. Cc) Distortion
    4. Dd) Incongruence

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Psychology Quiz am Chapter 6 , erstellt von Isabella Sodergren am 24/05/2020.

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