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Biology Defintions IGCSE
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- 1MovementThe Action of an Organism Causing a Change in Position or Place
- 2RespirationThe chemical reactiokns in cells that break down nutrient mollecules and release enrgy for metabolism
- 3SensitivityThe Ability to detect/sense stimuli in the internal or external enviroment and to make the appropriate responses
- 4GrowthThe permenant increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
- 5ReproductionThe processes that make more of the same kind of organism
- 6ExcretionThe removal from organisms of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements
- 7NutritionThe taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
- 8Nutritional Needs of PlantsLight, CO2, Water, Ions
- 9Nutritional Needs of AnimalsOrganic Compounds, Ions, Usually Water
- 10SpeciesA group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
- 11Binomial SystemThe naming of a species by an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an animal is made up of 2 parts showing the genus and the species.
- 12DiffusionThe net movement of particles form a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, as a result of random movement
- 13Active TransportThe movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration up a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration
- 14OsmosisThe movement of water particles from a region of higher water potential (dilute) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated) through a partially permeable membrane
- 15Xylem FunctionTransports water and dissolved mineral salts-movement is always up the stem. This is a part of transpiration
- 16Phloem FunctionTransports organic products of photosynthesis i.e. salts. This is translocation
- 17Pathway of Water When Entering CellSoil to root hair cell to root cortex cells to xylem to mesophyll cells
- 18TranspirationLoss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata
- 19StomataStomata control transpiration, when the stomata are open, water can escape, when it is closed, very little water can escape
- 20TranslocationThe movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from regions of production (source) to regions of storage or where they are used in respiration or growth (sink).
- 21PhotosynthesisThe process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
- 22Photosynthesis Word EquationCarbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen (In the presence of light and chlorophyll)
- 23Photosynthesis Equation6Co2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2 (In the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)
- 24Chlorophyll Use in PhotosynthesisTransfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules for the synthesis of carbohydrates
- 25Limiting FactorSomething present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts a life process
- 26Carbon CyclePhotosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, fossilisation and combustion.
- 27NitrificationOccurs when organic material containing N compounds decompose and releases N into the soil in the form of ammonium ions. Nitrifying bacteria can produce N from these ions. This is nitrification.
- 28Nitrogen FixationThe process of bacteria converting N into a form that can be used by plants.
- 29EutrophicationThe process by which farmers add nutrients to their water supply in order to increase yield.
- 30Eutrophication Phases1.Increased algae/surface plant numbers.
2.Light cannot reach other aquatic organisms.
3.Decomposers e.g. bacteria increase in number due to having more food, therefore reducing O2 availability.
4.Other aqautic organisms die due to lack of O2 availibility. - 31Aerobic RespirationThe chemical reactions in cells that use O2 to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
- 32Aerobic Respiration Word Equationglucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
- 33Aerobic Respiration Chemical Equation
- 34Anaerobic Respiration DefinitionThe chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
- 35Word Equations Anaerobic RespirationGlucose=Lactic Acid
Glucose=Alcohol +Carbon Dioxide - 36Chemical Equation Anaerobic RespirationC6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
- 37C Pairs With (DNA)G
- 38A Pairs With (DNA)T
- 39Far Away ObjectCillary muscles relax, lens becomes thin and wide
- 40Near ObjectCillary muscles contract, lens bulges
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