Karteikarten
Chapter 5: Integumentary Tissue
Karten in diesem Stapel (11)
- 1What does Integumentary Tissue consist of?It consists of skin and accessory organs: nails, hair and cutaneous glands
- 2Characteristics of Thick and Thin skinThick skin: hands and bottom of the feet. Consists of five layers. Has sweat glands, but doesn't have sebaseous (oil) glands and hair follicles.
Thin skin: Has four layers and sebaseous and sweat glands and hair follicles. - 3What are the functions of the skin?•Resistance to trauma and infection
•Acts as barrier against water, UV radiation, harmful chemicals
•Vitamin D synthesis
•Sensation (Receptors for temperature, touch, pain, and more)
•Thermoregulation
•Nonverbal communication - 4What are the characteristics of Epidermis?- Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
–Includes dead cells at skin surface packed with tough keratin protein
–Lacks blood vessels
–Contains sparse nerve endings for touch and pain - 5What are the five cell types of epidermis and their characteristic?Stem cells•Undifferentiated cells that give rise to keratinocytes•In deepest layer of epidermis (stratum basale)
–Keratinocytes
•Great majority of epidermal cells
•Synthesize keratin–Melanocytes
•Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from ultraviolet radiation
•Occur only in stratum basale but have branched processes that spread among keratinocytes and distribute melanin
–Tactile cells
•Touch receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers
•In basal layer of epidermis
–Dendritic cells
•Macrophages originating in bone marrow that guard against pathogens
•Found in stratum spinosum and granulosum - 6What are the layers of epidermis called (from deep to superficial)?Stratum basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum - 7What are the characteristics of Dermis?–Ranges from 0.2 mm (eyelids) to 4 mm (palms, soles)
–Composed mainly of collagen
–Well supplied with blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings
–Houses hair follicles and nail roots
–Is the tissue of the facial skin to which skeletal muscles attach and cause facial expressions of emotion
–Has a wavy, conspicuous boundary with the superficial epidermis
•Dermal papillae are upward, finger-like extensions of dermis
•Epidermal ridges are downward waves of epidermis
•Prominent waves on fingers produce friction ridges of fingerprints - 8What are the two layers of dermis and their characteristics?Papillary: Thin zone of areolar tissue in and nearthe dermal papilla
–Allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells
–Rich in small blood vessels
Reticular Layers: Consists of dense, irregular connective tissue
–Stretch marks (striae): tears in the collagen fibers caused by stretching of the skin due to pregnancy or obesity - 9What are the characteristics of Hypodermis?–Subcutaneous tissue
–Has more areolar and adipose than dermis has
–Pads body and binds skin to underlying tissues
–Common site of drug injection since it has many blood vessels
•Subcutaneous fat
–Energy reservoir
–Thermal insulation
–Thicker in women
–Thinner in infants, elderly - 10What pigments are responsible for skin color?Melanin—most significant factor in skin color•People of different skin colors have the same number of melanocytes
–Darker skinned people•Produce greater quantities of melanin•Melanin granules more spread out in keratinocytes •Melanized cells seen throughout the epidermis
–Lighter skinned people•Melanin clumped near keratinocyte nucleus•Little melanin seen beyond stratum basale
•Hemoglobin—pigment in red blood cells•Adds reddish to pinkish hue to skin
•Carotene—yellow pigment acquired from egg yolks and yellow/orange vegetables•Concentrates in stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat - 11Describe the colors of theskin and their diagnostic valueCyanosis—blueness due to oxygen deficiency
–Erythema—redness due to increased blood flow to skin
–Pallor—paleness due to decreased blood flow to skin
–Albinism—milky white skin and blue-gray eyes due to genetic lack of melanin synthesizing enzyme
–Jaundice—yellowing due to bilirubin in blood (can be caused by compromised liver function)
–Hematoma—bruising (clotted blood under skin)
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- Anatomy (Chapter 5: Integumentary Tissue) Karteikarten am Chapter 5: Integumentary Tissue, erstellt von Karina Khachaturova am 04/03/2019.
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