Karteikarten
Inequality, racism and gender: key terms and concepts
Karten in diesem Stapel (36)
- 1De jure racismlegal discrimination
- 2Feminine mystiquethe negative self-concept, lack of direction, & low sense of self-worth among women
- 3Institutional view of povertyasserts that social welfare programs are to be accepted as proper, legitimate function of modern industrial society in helping individuals achieve self-fulfillment
- 4means testassessment tool designed to ensure that individuals receiving assistance do not already have sufficient resources for a minimum level of subsistence
- 5ethnocentrisman orientation or set of beliefs that holds one's own culture, ethnic or racial group, or nation to be superior to others
- 6prejudicea preconceived or adverse opinion or judgement formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge
- 7sexual harassmentunwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, & other verbal & physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when conduct explicitly or implicitly affects individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment
- 8sexual orientationthe direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes;
aspects of sexual orientation are: attraction, behavior, and identity;
sexual attraction may be to partners of the same or opposite sex or to both sexes;
behavior refers to sexual activities with partners of the same or opposite sex, or with both sexes;
identity refers to one's view of oneself as heterosexual, gay or lesbian, or bisexual - 9SNAPformerly "Food Stamps" -- name changed by Bush II to reduce stigma;
designed to provide food for low-income families; a family can be eligible even if not eligible for TANF - 10transgenderperson whose gender identity is the opposite of his or her biological gender
- 11Sigmund Freud & Sexualityhe was the first to introduce the idea that sexuality is a key part of human development
- 12Institutional racismrefers to discriminatory acts & policies against racial group that pervade major macrosystems of society, including legal, political, economic, & educational systems; recognized as major problem; practices lead to unequal outcomes for people of color
- 134 types of discriminatorsPrejudiced non-discriminator
Prejudiced discriminator
Unprejudiced non-discriminator
Unprejudiced discriminator - 14Social insurance programprograms financed by taxes on employees, employers, or both
Public: benefits in programs paid from general government revenues & have a means test for applicants - 15First wave of feminismSusan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - 162013 poverty threshold for family of 4$23,834
- 17Residual view of povertypoverty programs should be provided only when individual's needs are not met through other societal institutions, primarily family & market economy;
funds & services not right but a gift;
believe most poor people's difficulties are rooted in own malfunctioning;
assistance should be made as unpleasant as possible to discourage use;
relief should be made unpleasant by requiring recipient to work for it;
assistance should be discouraged by making payments too low for anyone to really want it;
people should be forced to remain on their jobs or to return to employment by denying assistance to anyone who voluntarily quits - 18population most likely living in povertyAfrican Americans
Hispanic Americans
Native Americans
Women
Children/Aged
Urban/Rural - 19Human sexualityit exists on continuum
- 20sex roleslearned patterns of behavior that are expected of the sexes in a given society
- 21discrimination against LGBT peopleit is legal in most states
- 22number of countries where same sexual activity is legal76
- 23discriminationin minority-group relations it is the unfair treatment of a person, racial group, or minority; it is an action based on prejudice
- 24CEDAWwas not ratified in the U.S.
- 25Myth of Meritocracyability & talent lead to upward mobility
- 26heterosexismrefers to the "institutional & societal reinforcement of heterosexuality as the privileged & powerful norm";
based on belief that heterosexuality is superior to homosexuality;
results in prejudice & discrimination against homosexuals & bisexuals - 273 major causes of racial discriminationhistory
frustration-aggression
insecurity & inferiority - 28how poverty is measured & problemsmeasured: 3x cost of food to feed family of that size
problems:
does not account for regional differences in cost-of-living;
does not allow for fact that other costs (housing & energy) have risen much more rapidly than food costs;
does not include expenses necessary to hold a job or variation in medical costs;
no longer equivalent to median income;
current poverty line provides much less than previous poverty due to inflation differences;
does not include impact of governmental policies such as payroll taxes & in-kind benefits (SNAP);
does not reflect changing family structures - 293 effects of homophobia & heterosexism on heterosexualsbecause of anti-gay climate, heterosexuals, especially males, are afraid of self-expression & intimacy in same-sex relationships;
some youth may avoid activities that do not conform to gender role expectations;
friends & family of homosexuals live in fear that family/friend may be victimized - 303 results of institutionalized racismunemployment rate for nonwhites consistently been twice that for whites;
infant mortality rate for nonwhites nearly twice as high as for whites;
life expectancy for nonwhites several years less than for whites - 31Alfred Kinseysurvey found that actual sexual behavior differed markedly from stated morals of the time
- 32poverty thresholdoriginal version of federal poverty measure;
used for statistical purposes - 33percent of women in Congress19%
- 34WEP ProgramWork Experience Program;
required welfare recipients to work in exchange for their check;
if they didn't work the required hours, their benefits would be taken away;
WEP workers were forced to work regardless of their situation or disabilities;
program didn't allow workers to go to school;
didn't help people get off welfare - 35social insurance program vs public assistance programsSIP: programs available to general public financed through tax on employees, employers, or both: social security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, workers comp
PAP: means tests, case-by-case reviews, benefits viewed as charity, paid from general government revenue: SSI, GA, Medicaid, SNAP, WIC, housing assistance, TANF - 363 types of violence experienced by women internationallyrape as a tool of war
sexual trafficking-slavery
sex-selective abortion/infanticide
female genital cutting
dowry deaths
terrorism (Afghanistan)
honor killings
acid attacks
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- Beschreibung
- College Genetics Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Nichole Dolan am 10/12/2014.
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- Nichole Dolan
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