Karteikarten
gender (language variation)
Karten in diesem Stapel (23)
- 1what does robin lakoff argue?that women's language is weaker
- 2What does AH REPTILES stand for (lakoff)Avoidance of strong swear words
Hyper correct grammar
Rising intonation
Empty adjectives
Precise colour terms
Tag questions
Intensifiers
Lexical hedges
Emphatic stress
Super-polite - 3What did O'barr and Atkins do/arguedid empirical research on women's language
witnesses in a courtroom
men use more of lakoffs 'women's language features' than women do
rename women language to powerless language - 4strength of O'barr and Atkinsthey argue that it isn't just gender that affects language - they involve power
- 5What do Zimmerman and West investigate?overlaps and interruptions
wanted to find out if there was any difference in women's and mens turn taking - 6What did Zimmerman and West find?men interrupt more
women don't overlap - 7What are the interpretations of Zimmerman and Wests investigation?that men are impatient and don't respect women
men are more competitive and dominate conversation - 8What are the 2 main types of tag questions? and what do they mean?modal - degree of certainty is speaker orientated
affective - addressee orientated - 9what are the 2 types of affective tag questions? and what do they mean?facilitative - support addressee
softening - soften the force - 10Who talks about different types of tag questions?Janet Holmes
- 11What did Janet Holmes find?men use more modals
but women use more tag questions overall
women do more work to involve others into the conversation - 12what is a criticism if Holmes' work?she treats men and women as a homogenous group
- 13What ss the dominance/difference approach?dominance - women lack confidence and men dominate conversation
difference - women's language style is different - not weak - 14which 3 linguists follow the dominance approach?Lakoff
Obarr and Atkins
Zimmerman and West - 15who introduced the idea of co-operative women and competitive menJennifer Coates
- 16what are the 4 characteristics that differentiate women's talk from mens?1 - men have more abrupt topic breaks
2 - back channel noise
3 - use of interruptions
4 - language that protects the face of other participants i.e. modal auxiliaries - 17How did Coates gather her information?investigated 'gossip'
taped conversations of groups of women who met for casual social purposes - 18What is Coates overall view of language?Follow the difference approach - refuses to see women's language as weaker
co-operative and collaborative - 19how does the design and language on the cover of 'why men don't listen and women can't read maps' represent the genders as polar opposites?it is a parallel structure
pink vs blue
'dont' - choice
'can't' - unable
man goes first - 20Who looks at tags, gender and status?Cameron et al
- 21What does Cameron et al's research show?that its not just gender that affects how people speak
women use more affective tags
neither powerless men or powerless women use affective tags - 22What does Nicola Woods study?Turns, gender and status
- 23What did Woods find?mid and low status females interrupt most
not just to do with status
not just to do with gender
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- A-Level English Karteikarten am gender (language variation), erstellt von Ruby Griggs am 26/05/2015.
- Erstellt von
- Ruby Griggs
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