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6.1
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- 1What proved Kekule's model of benzene to be wrong?- Bond lengths: all bonds are the same length which means there are no alternating double bonds
- Enthalpy of hydrogenation: actual value is lower than expected
- Reactivity: Benzene does not react with bromine and the solution remains orangey brown, making it similar to an alkane - 2What does the modern idea of the structure Benzene include?The modern structure of Benzene has overlapping p orbitals which form a delocalised pi system
- 3Nitration of BenzeneThe nitration of benzene involves a reaction between HNO3 and H2SO4 to form the electrophile of NO2+. H2SO4 acts as the catalyst and is regenerated at the end of the reaction.
- 4Halogenation of Benzene- Needs a halogen carrier such as Fe, FEX3 or AlX3
- For example, if FeBr3 is used, the electrophile will be Br+ and the catalyst will be FeBr3 - 5What are electrophiles?Electrophiles are electron pair acceptors. They seek an atom or molecule that contains an electron pair available for bonding
- 62 and 4 directing groups- The group ( -OH, NH2) donates an electron onto the ring
- Reactivity increases
- 2nd substitution at 2- or 4- postiions - 73 directing groups- The group withdraws electrons from the ring
- Reactivity decreases
- 2nd substitution at 3 position - 8What is a carboxylic acid?A carboxylic acid is a weak acid (only a small
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- A level Chemistry Karteikarten am 6.1, erstellt von Mia Jones am 06/02/2022.
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