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Equilibrium

S. E Englisch 36 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (36)

  1. 1Dynamic equilibriumequilibrium state involving the balance of variable dynamic forces
  2. 2Equilibrium can be achieved when a reaction is...reversible
  3. 3A main condition required for equilibriumclosed system (no material can pass in or out)
  4. 4Equilibrium constant formula:kc = [products]/[reactants]
  5. 5At equilibrium, the ratio of concentrations of products and reactants in the mixture is...constant (the concentrations are NOT changing (?_?) )
  6. 6Equilibrium can only be determined for...same state compounds (no solids either)
  7. 7When kc > 1products > reactants
  8. 8When kc >> 1reaction goes (forwards) almost to completion
  9. 9When kc < 1products < reactants
  10. 10When kc << 1(forwards) reaction hardly occurs
  11. 11kc is specific only to a given system. Why tho?kc alters with temperature and so must be quoted at a specific temp.
  12. 12If an equilibrium is disturbed (like, if you mess with the reaction)the reaction will try to restore the equilibrium state so as to achieve maximum stability
  13. 13What, if changed, affects the equilibrium constant?Temperature
  14. 14What, if changed, alters the concentrations of either products or reactants?Concentration Pressure Temperature
  15. 15If the forward reaction is exothermic, what direction would the equilibrium shift when temperature is increased?To the left, since a higher temperature favours the endothermic reaction.
  16. 16How does a catalyst affect equilibrium?In the presence of a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, thus, allowing the system to reach equilibrium FASTER
  17. 17what are the rates of reaction if a closed system is in dynamic equilibrium?rate of forward reaction = rate of backwards reaction -(concentration doesn't change)
  18. 18equilibrium positionthe proportion of reactant and product in the equilibrium mixture
  19. 19equilibrium constant for aA+bB ⇌ cC + dDKc = [C]c [D]d / [A]a [B]b
  20. 20What does the equilibrium constant tell us and depend on?tells the ratio of concentration of products to concentration of reactants - AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE DO NOT FORGET THIS TEMPERATURE CHANGES Kc
  21. 21Kc > 1products are favoured, and there's more them
  22. 22Kc < 1reactant are favoured and there are more reactants
  23. 23What's the reaction quotient (Q) ?value of equilibrium (extent of) before Eq is reached - eg Kc but not at equilibrium. However, and equilibrium Q = Kc. Just think of Qc like a limit; and 'approching' value :\
  24. 24Q = Kc, what does this mean?reaction is at equilibrium
  25. 25Q < Kcmore reactants than products - forward reaction favoured shifting Q to right
  26. 26Q > Kcmore products than reactants - backwards reaction favoured shifting Q to left
  27. 27Le Châtelier principlechange to system in equilibrium will cause balance between forward/backwards reactions to shift to minimise effect of change (Kc doesn't change unless, you know, TeMpErAtUrE)
  28. 28Temperature effect on equilibrium EXOTHERMIC (?H -ve)Increase in Temp: backwards reaction favoured (reactants) + Kc decreases Decrease in Temp: forwards reaction favoured (products) + Kc increases
  29. 29Temperature effect on equilibrium ENDOTHERMIC (?H +ve)Increase in Temp: forwards reaction favoured (products) + Kc increases Decrease in Temp: backwards reaction favoured (reactants) + Kc decreases
  30. 30Concentration change effect on equilibriumIncreasing reactants = favours forwards reaction (shift to products) Decreasing reactants = favours backwards reaction (shift to reactants) Doesn't change Kc
  31. 31Catalyst effect on equilibriumDoesn't get used up in reaction Doesn't change Kc BUT SPEEDS UP REACTION (Or if ya'll wanna be fancier, "lowers the activation energy by providing an alternative mechanism for the reaction/ greater probability of proper orientation. This results in a faster reaction"
  32. 32When does pressure change affect equilibrium?When there is a difference in amount of moles between products and reactants
  33. 33Pressure change effect on equilibriumIncrease in Pressure: Favours side with least gaseous molecules (mol) Decrease in Pressure: Favours side with most gaseous molecules (mol) Doesn't change Kc
  34. 34Kc calculation - reaction inverse1/Kc
  35. 35What is the Haber process used to manufacture and what is the equation? (At least state the equation bro)Ammonia - NH3 2N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 EXOTHERMIC
  36. 36Kc and Gibbs free energy - equation + meaning?G = -RT * ln(k) if ?G +ve -> ln(k) -ve so k<1 ( reactants > products) if ?G -ve -> ln(k) +ve so k>1 (products > reactants) if ?G = 0 -> ln(k)/k = 0 (at Equilibrium)

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Karteikarten am Equilibrium, erstellt von S. E am 22/04/2022.
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