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Karteikarten

Radiation

Miss C Rodgers Englisch 45 Karten

Radiation

Karten in diesem Stapel (45)

  1. 1Name the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.Protons and Neutrons
  2. 2When looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the nucleon number?Top numberWhen looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the nucleon number?
  3. 3When looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the proton number?Bottom numberWhen looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the proton number?
  4. 4What does the nucleon number tell us about the atom?Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
  5. 5How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?Nucleon number - Proton number
    (top-bottom)
  6. 6What is an isotope?Atoms that are the same element, same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
  7. 7Why do atoms undergo radioactive decay?Due to an imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons
  8. 8What are the 3 things an atom can emit when it decays?Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation
  9. 9What is an alpha particle?Helium nucleus (2 protons+ 2 neutrons)
  10. 10What is a beta particle?High energy electron
  11. 11What is a gamma ray?High energy Electromagnetic wave
  12. 12What is alpha absorbed by?Paper or skin
  13. 13What is beta absorbed by?Aluminium
  14. 14What is gamma absorbed byThick lead or very thick concrete
  15. 15Order alpha, beta, gamma from most to least PENETRATINGGamma, Beta, Alpha
  16. 16Order alpha, beta, gamma from most to least IONISINGAlpha, Beta, Gamma
  17. 17What does ionising mean?Removes electrons, damages DNA and causes cancer
  18. 18What is the symbol for an alpha particle?Helium nucleusWhat is the symbol for an alpha particle?
  19. 19What is the symbol for a beta particle?? or ??? e or ????What is the symbol for a beta particle?
  20. 20What is the symbol for a gamma ray?? or ???What is the symbol for a gamma ray?
  21. 21What do we do to ensure reliable results when measuring radioactivity?Repeat it and do it over a long time period
  22. 22What are 4 natural sources of background radiation?Radon gas, Cosmic rays, Rocks, Food and Buildings
  23. 23What are 2 artificial sources of background radiation?Medical industry and Nuclear industry
  24. 24How is nuclear waste stored?Cooled, turned into glass, put in steel drums, sealed in concrete, buried underground
  25. 25What are some risks with burying nuclear waste?It could leak into the water source.
    It stays radioactive for thousands of years, so a long term risk.
    Target for terrorism
  26. 26How is radon gas formed?Uranium in volcanic rocks decays into radon
  27. 27Why is radon gas dangerous?It is an alpha emitter, so highly ionising and easy to breathe in
  28. 28Which areas of the UK have the highest radon gas levels?Wales and Cornwall (more volcanic rocks)
  29. 29How can you reduce the amount of radon gas in your home?Improve ventilation, extractor fans, air bricks for under floor ventilation
  30. 30What does "radioactive decay is random" mean?We don't know which atom will decay next
  31. 31What does "radioactive decay is spontaneous" mean?We don't know when an atom will decay
  32. 32What is half-life?Time it takes for half of the unstable atoms to decay (time for activity to halve)
  33. 33What unit is used for radioactivity?Bq (Becquerels)
  34. 34After 42 days the activity of a sample decreased from 400Bq to 50Bq. What is the half-life?400-->200-->100-->50 3 half lives = 42 days 1 half life = 42/3=14 days
  35. 35A sample has a half-life of 19 days. How long will it take for 75% of the sample to decay?75%decayed = 25% left
    100-->50-->25
    2 half lives = 2x19=38days
  36. 36A sample has a half-life of 16years. If it has an original activity of 200Bq what will its activity be after 48years?48/16=3 half lives
    200-->100-->50-->25
    so 25Bq left
  37. 37A rock once contained 1.0mg of U-238 but now has 0.25mg. The half-life is 4 billion years, how old is the rock?1.0-->0.5-->0.25
    2 half lives = 2x4 billion
    = 8 billion years
  38. 38Suggest a way of modelling radioactive decayThrowing dice, Flipping coins etc
  39. 39What type of radioactive isotope is used in smoke alarms?Alpha, can't travel through smoke so sets off alarm
  40. 40What type of radioactive isotope is injected directly into a tumour?Alpha, highly ionising so kills cells but can't travel far to leave tumour
  41. 41What type of radioactive isotope is used to measure the thickness of aluminium sheet?Beta, if aluminium is too thick it can't travel through
  42. 42What type of radioactive isotope is used in a medical tracer to monitor organs with an external camera?Gamma, easily passes out of the body to the camera
  43. 43What type of radioactive isotope is used in external radiotherapy?Gamma, easily passes through the body to the tumour
  44. 44Give an example of when a radioactive isotope with a long half-life is usedIn a machine so it lasts for a long time
  45. 45Give an example of when a radioactive isotope with a short half-life is usedIn the body so the patient gets a low amount of radiation

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Karteikarten am Radiation, erstellt von Miss C Rodgers am 21/05/2024.
Erstellt von
Miss C Rodgers
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