Fichas
Radiation
Fichas del conjunto (45)
- 1Name the two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.Protons and Neutrons
- 2When looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the nucleon number?Top number
- 3When looking at an element on the periodic table which number is the proton number?Bottom number
- 4What does the nucleon number tell us about the atom?Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
- 5How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?Nucleon number - Proton number
(top-bottom) - 6What is an isotope?Atoms that are the same element, same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- 7Why do atoms undergo radioactive decay?Due to an imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons
- 8What are the 3 things an atom can emit when it decays?Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation
- 9What is an alpha particle?Helium nucleus (2 protons+ 2 neutrons)
- 10What is a beta particle?High energy electron
- 11What is a gamma ray?High energy Electromagnetic wave
- 12What is alpha absorbed by?Paper or skin
- 13What is beta absorbed by?Aluminium
- 14What is gamma absorbed byThick lead or very thick concrete
- 15Order alpha, beta, gamma from most to least PENETRATINGGamma, Beta, Alpha
- 16Order alpha, beta, gamma from most to least IONISINGAlpha, Beta, Gamma
- 17What does ionising mean?Removes electrons, damages DNA and causes cancer
- 18What is the symbol for an alpha particle?Helium nucleus
- 19What is the symbol for a beta particle?? or ??? e or ????
- 20What is the symbol for a gamma ray?? or ???
- 21What do we do to ensure reliable results when measuring radioactivity?Repeat it and do it over a long time period
- 22What are 4 natural sources of background radiation?Radon gas, Cosmic rays, Rocks, Food and Buildings
- 23What are 2 artificial sources of background radiation?Medical industry and Nuclear industry
- 24How is nuclear waste stored?Cooled, turned into glass, put in steel drums, sealed in concrete, buried underground
- 25What are some risks with burying nuclear waste?It could leak into the water source.
It stays radioactive for thousands of years, so a long term risk.
Target for terrorism - 26How is radon gas formed?Uranium in volcanic rocks decays into radon
- 27Why is radon gas dangerous?It is an alpha emitter, so highly ionising and easy to breathe in
- 28Which areas of the UK have the highest radon gas levels?Wales and Cornwall (more volcanic rocks)
- 29How can you reduce the amount of radon gas in your home?Improve ventilation, extractor fans, air bricks for under floor ventilation
- 30What does "radioactive decay is random" mean?We don't know which atom will decay next
- 31What does "radioactive decay is spontaneous" mean?We don't know when an atom will decay
- 32What is half-life?Time it takes for half of the unstable atoms to decay (time for activity to halve)
- 33What unit is used for radioactivity?Bq (Becquerels)
- 34After 42 days the activity of a sample decreased from 400Bq to 50Bq. What is the half-life?400-->200-->100-->50 3 half lives = 42 days 1 half life = 42/3=14 days
- 35A sample has a half-life of 19 days. How long will it take for 75% of the sample to decay?75%decayed = 25% left
100-->50-->25
2 half lives = 2x19=38days - 36A sample has a half-life of 16years. If it has an original activity of 200Bq what will its activity be after 48years?48/16=3 half lives
200-->100-->50-->25
so 25Bq left - 37A rock once contained 1.0mg of U-238 but now has 0.25mg. The half-life is 4 billion years, how old is the rock?1.0-->0.5-->0.25
2 half lives = 2x4 billion
= 8 billion years - 38Suggest a way of modelling radioactive decayThrowing dice, Flipping coins etc
- 39What type of radioactive isotope is used in smoke alarms?Alpha, can't travel through smoke so sets off alarm
- 40What type of radioactive isotope is injected directly into a tumour?Alpha, highly ionising so kills cells but can't travel far to leave tumour
- 41What type of radioactive isotope is used to measure the thickness of aluminium sheet?Beta, if aluminium is too thick it can't travel through
- 42What type of radioactive isotope is used in a medical tracer to monitor organs with an external camera?Gamma, easily passes out of the body to the camera
- 43What type of radioactive isotope is used in external radiotherapy?Gamma, easily passes through the body to the tumour
- 44Give an example of when a radioactive isotope with a long half-life is usedIn a machine so it lasts for a long time
- 45Give an example of when a radioactive isotope with a short half-life is usedIn the body so the patient gets a low amount of radiation
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- Fichas sobre Radiation, creado por Miss C Rodgers el 21/05/2024.
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- Miss C Rodgers
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