Karteikarten
PSY 2105 - Child Development Final Part 1 - Language development
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1productivitythe property of language that permits humans to produce and comprehend an infinite number of statements
- 2Nativist theorya theory of language development originated by Chomsky, that stresses innate mechanisms separate from cognitive processes
- 3surface structureChomsky's term for the way words and phrases are arranged in spoken languages
- 4deep structureChomsky's term for the inborn knowledge humans possess about the properties of languages
- 5language acquisition device (LAD)Chomsky's proposed brain mechanism for analyzing speech input; allowing young children to quickly acquire the language to which they are exposed
- 6transformational grammara set of rules developed by the LAD to translate a language's surface structure to a deep structure that the child can innately understand
- 7language acquisition support system (LASS)Bruner's proposed process by which parents provide children with assistance in learning language
- 8phonologythe study of speech sounds
- 9phonemea sound contrast that changes meaning
- 10categorical perceptionthe ability to detect differences in speech sounds that correspond to differences in meaning; the ability to discriminate phonemic boundaries
- 11cooinga stage in the preverbal period, beginning at about 2 months, when babies primarily produce one-syllable vowel sounds
- 12reduplicated babblinga stage in the preverbal period, beginning at about 6 months, when infants produce strings of identical sounds, such as dadada
- 13babbling drifta hypothesis that infants' babbling gradually gravitates toward the language they are hearing and soon will speak
- 14semanticsthe study of meaning in language
- 15lexicona vocabulary or repertoire of words
- 16naming explosiona period of language development, beginning at around 18 months, when children suddenly begin to acquire words at a high rate
- 17referential stylevocabulary acquired during the naming explosion that involves a large proportion of nouns and object labels
- 18expressive stylevocabulary acquired during the naming explosion that emphasizes the pragmatic functions of language
- 19coiningchildren's creation of new words for label objects or events for which the correct label is not known (grass-comb)
- 20holophrasesa single word used to express a larger idea (different meanings); common during the second year of life
- 21syntactic bootstrappinga proposed mechanism of semantic development in which children use syntactic cues to infer the meanings of words
- 22fast-mappinga process in which children acquire the meaning of a word after a brief exposure
- 23constraintsimplicit assumptions about word meanings; hypothesized to narrow down the possibilities that children must consider, thereby facilitating the task of word learning
- 24whole-object assumptionthe child's hypothesis that a new noun refers to an entire object, not its constituent parts
- 25shape-biasthe child's assumption that a new word is extended to things of a similar shape
- 26overextensionsapplies labels to what they already know
- 27underextensionsdon't use known labels for things that are appropriate
- 28lexical contrast theorya theory of semantic development holding that 1) children assume a new word has a meaning different from another word they know, 2) children always choose word meanings that are generally accepted
- 29mutual exclusivitya proposed principle of semantic development stating that children assume that an object can have only one name
- 30grammarthe study of the structural properties of language, including syntax, inflection and intonation
- 31syntaxthe aspect of grammar that involves word order
- 32inflectionsthe aspect of grammar that involves adding endings to words to modify their meaning
- 33telegraphic speechspeech from which non-essential function words are omitted; common during early language learning (ex: in, the, with)
- 34overregularizationan early structural language error in which children apply inflectional rules to irregular forms (ex: sayed)
- 35semantic bootstrappinga proposed mechanism of grammatical development in which children use semantic cues to infer the aspects of grammar
- 36expansiona repetition of speech in which errors are corrected and statements are elaborated
- 37recastsa response to speech that restates it using a different structure
- 38clarification questiona response that indicates that a listener did not understand a statement
- 39pragmaticsthe study of the social uses of language
- 40speech actsan instance of speech used to perform pragmatic functions such as requesting or complaining
- 41discourselanguage used in social interactions; conversations
- 42social referential communicationa form of communication in which a speaker sends a message that is comprehended by a listener
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- Hard Psychologie Karteikarten am PSY 2105 - Child Development Final Part 1 - Language development, erstellt von Nicole Simser am 25/04/2016.
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- Nicole Simser
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