Karteikarten
Exam 1
Karten in diesem Stapel (40)
- 1The cell membrane is composed of two layers offat
- 2Water, oxygen, and _______ most freely flow across a cell membrane.carbon dioxide
- 3Tdendrites
- 4Nodes of Ranvier are __________.gaps in the myelin of axons
- 5An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ___________.presynaptic terminals
- 6Neurons typically have one _______, but many __________.axon;dendrites
- 7Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?astrocytes
- 8Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?Schwann cells
- 9Radial glia _________.guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development
- 10Tcertain required chemicals must be actively transported
- 11The resting potential is mainly the result of ___________.negatively charged proteins inside the cell
- 12When a neuron's membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ________ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ___________ the cell.into;into
- 13The concentration gradient for potassium tends to _________.push potassium out of the cell
- 14Which action will produce a hyperpolarization of a neuron?applying a negative charge inside the neuron with a microelectrode
- 15Which action would depolarize a neuron?increasing membrane permeability to sodium
- 16Voltage-activated channels are channels for which a change in the voltage across the membrane alters theirpermeability
- 17After the peak of an action potential, what prevents sodium ions from continuing to enter the cell?the sodium gates in the membrane close
- 18According to the all-or-none law,once an axon reaches its threshold, the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are nearly equal each time
- 19During the relative refractory period, thesodium gates are reverting to their usual state
- 20The function of a myelin sheath is toincrease the velocity of transmission along an axon
- 21On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?behavioral observations
- 22Sthe speed of reflexive responses
- 23Depolarization is to _____ as hyperpolarization is to _______.excitation;inhibition
- 24Wthe opening of sodium channels
- 25Spatial summation refers tomultiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time
- 26Temporal summation is to _____ as spatial summation is to ________.time;location
- 27A temporary hyperpolarization is known as anIPSP
- 28The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by theratio of EPSPs to IPSPs
- 29Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals bycollecting fluid from a stimulated frog's heart, transferring it to another frog's heart, and measuring that heart rate
- 30Which neurotransmitter is released by stimulated neurons to dilate the blood vessells?nitric oxide
- 31What do dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine have in common?they are all synthesize form the same amino acids
- 32The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules invesicles
- 33When an action potential reaches its end of an axon, it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by operning ______ channels in the axon terminal.calcium
- 34Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters arereleased from the presynaptic neuron
- 35What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?the neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft
- 36Cslower and longer lasting
- 37The anterior pituitary is composed of ___ and the posterior pituitary is composed of _____.glandular tissue; neural tissue
- 38Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process
- 39Autoreceptors monitor theamount of neurotransmitter released
- 40A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect ofprolonging the action of acetylcholine at its synapses
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- Neuroscience Karteikarten am Exam 1, erstellt von Rachel Vazquez am 04/12/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Rachel Vazquez
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