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Karteikarten

Digestive System

Brooke Anderson massage therapy Englisch 78 Karten

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  1. 16 basic steps of the digestive system1. Ingestion
    2. Secretion
    3. Digestion
    4. mixing and propulsion
    5. Absorption
    6. Exretion/Elimination
  2. 2what are the 2 types of Digestionmechanical digestion
    and
    chemical digestion
  3. 3three sections of the small intestineduodenum
    jejunum
    ileum
  4. 45 sections of the large intestinececum
    ascending colon
    transverse colon
    descending colon
    sigmoid colon
  5. 5what are the names of the 4 layers of the GI tract?1. Mucosa
    2. Submucosa
    3. muscularis
    4.serosa
  6. 6layer 1 of the mucosa has 3 layers within it?1. epithelium
    2. lamina propria
    3. muscularis mucosae
  7. 7what are 3 key points to know about the 2nd layer (submucosa) of the GI tract?-lots of blood vessels
    -lots of lymph vessels
    -submucosal plexus of nerves
  8. 8What is another name for the serosa (4th layer of the GI tract)viseral peritoneum
  9. 9the viceral peritoneum lines what?the abdominal organs
  10. 10parietal peritoneum lines what?the abdominal cavity
  11. 11parietal pleura, visceral peritoneum, and parietal pericardium are all ______ innervated and can ______ ________sparsly, refer pain
  12. 12what 2 bones is the hard palate made from?Maxilla and palatine bones
  13. 13The palatopharyngeal arch is _______ where as the palatoglossal arch is ________posterior, anterior
  14. 14what does the inferior and superior labial frenulum do?Holds your upper and lower lip in place so it does not move
  15. 15what are the 3 salivary glands in the mouth?Parotid gland
    submandibular gland
    sublingual gland
  16. 16what does Salivary amylase do?Digest carbohydrates (mainly starches)
  17. 17what does ligual lipase do?helps break down fats (lipids)
  18. 18what is another name for pharyngeal tonsilsadnoids
  19. 19what does the epiglottis do?helps prevent aspiration of food into trachea
  20. 20primary dentation has how many teeth?20 teeth
  21. 21secondary dentition has how many teeth?32 Teeth
  22. 22what are the 3 major parts to teeth1. crown
    2. neck
    3. root
  23. 23What is enamel?hard mineral outer layer
  24. 24What is dentin?structural protein
  25. 25what does the pulp in the pulp cavity contain?blood vessels and nerves
  26. 26what is the cementum of a tooth?lines the root
  27. 27what is the job of the periodontal ligament?attachs root of tooth to bone
  28. 28The anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervated by what nerve?Facial nerve (cranial nerve 7)
  29. 29The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by what nerve?glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9)
  30. 30motor innervation to the tongue is done by what cranial nerve?cranial nerve 7, facial nerve
  31. 31What is the abdomen divided into?RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
  32. 32what quadrent is the liver and gallbladder in?RUQ
  33. 33what quadrent is the stomach in?LUQ
  34. 34what quadrents is the large intestine in?all quadrents
  35. 35what does the appendix contain?lots of lymphatic tissue and bacteria
  36. 36what is the linea alba?weak spots in the anterior abdominal wall
  37. 37what are the two most common types of hernias?inguinal hernias, or anywhere along the linea alba
  38. 38what is the greater omentum?a fold of peritoneum containing adipose tissue
  39. 39what is the mesentery?a double layer of periteneum that attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
  40. 40what 3 things does the mesentery contain?blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic cessels
  41. 41what is another name for the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)cardiac sphincter
  42. 42the muscularis of the stomach has 3 mm layers what are they?1. longitudinal layer
    2. circular layer
    3. oblique layer
  43. 43what is the function of the pyloric sphincter in the stomach?controls the movement of stomach content into the small intestine
  44. 44what are the 4 layers of tissue in the stomach1. mucosa
    2. submucosa
    3. muscularis
    4. serosa (visceral periteneum)
  45. 45Epithelial cells of the stomach: -what is the secretion of the surface mucous cell and mucous neck cell? -What is the purpose of this secretion?-both secrete mucus.
    -this provides lubrication and protection from stomach acid and other things
  46. 46Epithelial cells of the stomach: - what does the parietal cell secrete? (2) -what do these secretions help with?- Hydrochloric acid: helps keep the stomach pH at 1.2-3.0
    -intrinsic factor: a protein that binds to ingest vit. B12 and aids in its absorption in the small intestine.
  47. 47Epithelial cells of the stomach: -What does the Chef cell secrete? -what do these secretions help with?-Pepsinogen: an inactive enzyme. when it becomes pepsin it is a protein digesting enzyme.
    -Gastic lipase: aids in fat digestion
  48. 48All of the secreations from epithelial cells in the stomach are ______ secretions except gastin is an _______ secretionExocrine, Endocrine
  49. 49what is the job of the Hepatic vein?carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava
  50. 50what is the job of the hepatic artery?branch off of the aorta and carries oxygen rich blood
  51. 51where does the hempatic portal vein come from?the small intestine
  52. 52what does the common bile duct do?drains bile to the intestines from the liver
  53. 53what are the three structures that make up the portal triad?1. branch of the hempatic artery
    2. branch of the hempatic portal vein
    3. bile duct
  54. 54what is the function of bile?- its is an emulsifer
    - doesnt chemically digest fat, but it does help it mix with the water environment
    -increase the area exposed to enzymes
  55. 55name some functions of the liver-produces bile
    -detoxification
    -helps regulate blood glucose
    - stores fats, vitamins, iron,
    produces clotting factors
  56. 56what are the 2 types of functions that the pancreas can have1. endocrine function
    2. exocrine function
  57. 57what is a endocrine function of the pancreas?blood sugar regulation
  58. 58what is a exocrine function of the pancreas?secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
  59. 59what are the 9 exocrine secretions from the pancreas? and what do the digest?1. pancreatic amylase - carbs (starches
    2. pancreatic lipase - lipids
    3. tripsinogen - protein
    4. chymotrypsinogen -protein
    5. proelastase - protein
    6. procarboxypeptidase - protein
    7. ribonuclease - nucleic acid into nucleotides
    8. deoxyribonuclease - nucleic acid into nucleotides
    9. bicarbonate
  60. 60what do Acini of the pancreas produce?digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
  61. 61what do alpha cell of the pancreas secrete? and what does this secretion do?- glucagon
    -a hormone that stimulates gycogenolysis to increase blood glucose
  62. 62what do beta cells in the pancreas secrete? and what does this secretion do?-insulin
    - a hormone that facilitates glucose uptake into cells to decrease blood glucose
  63. 63what do the villi in the small intestine contain?-blood capillaries, and lymphatic capillaries (lacteal)
  64. 64Epithelial cells of the small intestine: What is another name for the microvilli on the absorptive cell? - what is the job of the absorptive cell?-The brush border
    - produces digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients
  65. 65epithelial cells of the small intestine: What does a goblet cell secrete?-mucus
  66. 66epithelial cells of the small intestine: what kind of hormones does the entoendocrine cell secrete? -what do these secretions do?-secretin: stimulates pancreus to produce bicarbonate
    -cholecystokinin: stimulates the pancreus to produce digestive enzymes
    -glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide(GIP): stimulates insoline monitors what goes through the SI to tell the pancrease if it needs to produce more insolin
  67. 67Digestive enzymes: what do maltase, alpha detrinasse, sucrase, and lactose do:Digest dissacharides (2 sugar units) maltose, sucrose, lactose, into monosacarides (1 sugar unit)
  68. 68Digestive enzymes: what do aminopeptidase, and dipeptidase do?break off 1 amino acid from a protein and break down dipeptides, help to digest carbohydrates
  69. 69digestive enzymes: what does nucleosidase and phosphatase do?break nucleotides into their component parts (nucleobases, phosphates and sugars), digest proteins
  70. 70Digestive enzymes: what does Enterolcinase do?activates trypsinogen into trypsin
  71. 71qhat do chylomicron do inside a villus?transport large fat molecules and cholesterol
  72. 72what are the 6 nutrient categories in the small intestine?1. carbs
    2. proteins
    3. fats
    4. vitamins
    5. minerals
    6. water
  73. 73what 3 nutrients are macronutrients in the small intestine?1. carbs
    2. proteins
    3. fats
  74. 74how do we get calories?from macronutrients
  75. 75Macronutrients: - what is the absorptive forms for 1. protiens 2. charbs 3. fats1. amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides
    2. monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and glactose)
    3. glycerol, shortchain fatty acids,
    long chain fatty acids, mono glycerides
  76. 76which absorptive forms of macronutrients go into blood capillaries?1. amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides
    2. monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and glactose)
    3. glycerol, shortchain fatty acids,
  77. 77what absorptive forms of macronutrients go into lymph capillaries?3. long chain fatty acids, mono glycerides
  78. 78—

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Beschreibung
massage therapy Karteikarten am Digestive System, erstellt von Brooke Anderson am 13/05/2018.
Erstellt von
Brooke Anderson · Mai 2018
Aktualisiert
14 Mai 2018
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1
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