Karteikarten
Upper Limb
Karten in diesem Stapel (51)
- 1—Mobility
Ability to grasp & conduct fine motor skills
Subdivided into 4 regions:
Shoulder
Arm (brachium)
Forearm (antebrachium)
Hand - 2—Clavicle
Sternal (medial) end
Articulates with manubrium
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromial (lateral) end
Articulates with acromion
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
FOOSH fracture
- 3—Scapula
Coracoid process
= like a crow’s beak
Superior to glenoid cavity & projects anterolaterally
Attachment site for pectoralis minor & short head of biceps brachii mm.
Ligaments of AC joint
- 4—Spine of scapula
Posterior surface
Acromion (process)
Lateral continuation of spine
‘Point of shoulder’
- 5—Glenoid fossa
Socket
Glenohumeral joint
Relatively shallow
- 6—Humerus Proximal
Head
‘Ball’
Glenohumeral joint
Anatomical neck
Just distal to humeral head
Surgical neck
Constriction just distal to tubercles
Common site of fracture
Axillary n. endangered
- 7—Greater tubercle
Lateral margin of proximal humerus
3 of 4 rotator cuff mm. attach
Humerus: proximal
Lesser tubercle
Anterior projection
1 of 4 rotator cuff mm. attach
Intertubercular sulcus
Between the tubercles
Long head of biceps tendon
Latissimus dorsi (floor)
- 8—Humerus distal
Medial epicondyle
More prominent
Flexors located on forearm attach here
Ulnar n.
Lateral epicondyle
Extensors located on forearm attach here
- 9—Humerus distal:
Capitulum
= little head
Articulation of head of radius
Trochlea
= pulley
Articulation with trochlear notch of ulna
- 10—Olecranon fossa
Posterior
Accommodates olecranon during full extension of elbow joint
- 11—Ulna
Longer, medial, stabilizing of the 2 forearm bones
Olecranon (process)
Posterior
‘Point of elbow’
Triceps brachii m.
Coronoid process
Anterior projection
Brachialis m.
Trochlear notch
- 12—Radial notch
Lateral side of coronoid process
Head of radius
(Ulnar) Styloid process
- 13—Radius
Lateral & shorter
Head
Articulates with:
Capitulum of humerus
Radial notch of ulna
Radial tuberosity
Medial projection distal to head
Biceps brachii m.
Colles fracture: transverse fracture of distal radius
- 14—Wrist (Carpus)
Proximal (L to M)
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Distal (L to M)
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
- 15Carpal Tunnel SyndromeReduction of size of carpal tunnel or increasing of size of structure within the tunnel
Often swelling of tendon or tendon sheaths
Median n. compression can cause:
Paresthesia (tingling)
Hypoesthesia/anesthesia (diminished/absence of sensation)
Progressive loss of coordination and strength of the thumb - 16—Metacarpals (5)
Numbered 1-5 (lateral/thumb to medial)
Carpometacarpal joints
Articulation with distal row of carpal bones
Metacarpophalangeal (MP or MCP) joints
Articulation with proximal phalanges
- 17—Phalanges
Proximal (5)
Middle (4)
Distal (5)
Pollex = thumb
Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
- 18—Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Bony parts:
Acromion of scapula
Acromial end of clavicle
Type of joint:
Synovial: Plane
Types of movement:
Gliding of acromion on clavicle
AC dislocation: shoulder separation
- 19—Bony parts:
Glenoid cavity of scapula
Head of humerus
Type of joint:
Synovial (ball & socket)
Types of movement:
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction
Medial/lateral rotation
- 20(Glenoid) LabrumFibrocartilaginous lip
Deeps glenoid cavity slightly - 21—Bursae
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
Facilitates movement of supraspinatus tendon
Subscapular bursa
Between neck of scapula and subscapularis tendon
Both common areas for bursitis
- 22—Rotator cuff mm.
Main source of stability
Almost entirely encircle
Inferior weakness
- 23Shoulder DislocationsMost occur in inferior direction
Clinically described as anterior & posterior
Anterior dislocations
Often caused by excessive lateral rotation & extension of arm - 24—3 joints in 1 joint capsule
Humero-ulnar
Humero-radial
Proximal radio-ulnar
Type of joint:
Synovial hinge
Types of movement:
Flexion/extension
Collateral ligaments (both capsular)
Ulnar collateral ligament
Most stability
Radial collateral ligament
Attached to anular ligament
- 25—Proximal radio-ulnar joint
Bony parts:
Head of radius
Radial notch of ulna
Type of joint:
Pivot
Types of movement (with distal radio-ulnar joint):
Pronation/supination
Radius is moving!
Anular ligament
Completely encircles radial head
- 26Subluxation/Dislocation of radial headPulled elbow’
Subluxation = incomplete dislocation
Radial head moves distal to anular ligament - 27—Bony parts:
Distal end of radius
Articular disc of distal radio-ulnar joint
Proximal row of carpals
Except pisiform
Type of joint:
Synovial: condyloid
Types of movement:
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Circumduction
- 28—Anterior axio-appendicular muscles
Will move the pectoral girdle
Bellies on thorax; distal insertions on scapula & humerus
- 29—Pectoralis major m.
Will move the pectoral girdle
Bellies on thorax; distal insertions on scapula & humerus
- 30—Pectoralis minor m.
Distal attachment (insertion):
Coracoid process of scapula
Action:
Stabilize scapula
- 31—Serratus anterior m.
Action:
Protraction of scapula
Innervation:
Long thoracic n.
Paralysis: ‘Winged scapula’
Injury to long thoracic n.
Medial border of scapula
Moves poste
- 32Scapulohumeral (intrinsic shoulder mm.)Short
Scapula to humerus
Will affect glenohumeral joint
Stability - 33—Divided into 3 parts (heads):
Clavicular
Acromial
Spinal
Actions:
Abduction
Flexion/extension
Medial/lateral rotation
Innervation:
Axillary n.
- 34—Rotator Cuff mm.
Posterior (3 of 4): supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor mm.
All have distal attachment on greater tubercle
Actions:
Supraspinatus m.: initiate abduction of shoulder
Infraspinatus & teres minor m.: lateral rotation of shoulder
- 35—Rotator cuff mm.
Anterior (1 of 4): subscapularis m.
Actions:
Medially rotate the shoulder
- 36Rotator Cuff INjuriesTear or rupture of musculotendinous rotator cuff
Causes instability of glenohumeral joint
Supraspinatus tendon is most commonly injured
Can can cause inflammation of surrounding bursae
Bursitis - 37—Biceps brachii m.
Considered a ‘three joint muscle’
Proximal attachments: scapula
Distal attachment: radial tuberosity
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
Actions:
Flexes forearm
Supinates forearm
- 38—Brachialis m.
Proximal attachment: humerus
Distal attachment: coronoid process of ulna
Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
Action: flexion of forearm
- 39—Triceps brachii m.
Three heads: long, medial, & lateral
Distal attachment: olecranon of ulna
Innervation: radial n.
Actions: extension of forearm
- 40—Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle
Via common flexor tendon
Innervation: median n.
- 41—Flexor carpi radialis m.
Flexion & abduction of wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
Flexion & adduction of wrist; ulnar n.
- 42—Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
Distal attachment: Middle phalanges 2-5
Actions: flexes MP & PIP joints of 2-5
- 43—
- 44—Brachioradialis m.
Action:
Weak flexion of forearm
Innervation:
Radial n.
- 45—Pronator teres & pronator quadratus mm.
Located on anterior forearm
Where do they insert?
- 46—Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle
Via common extensor tendon
Innervation: radial n.
Actions:
Extend wrist and digits
Abduction/adduction of wrist
- 47—Superficial layer:
Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
Abduct wrist
Extensor digitorum m.
Extensor carpi ulnaris m.
ADduct wrist
- 48—Thenar = 1st digit
Hypothenar = 5th digit
Innervation:
Thenar = median n.
Hypothenar = ulnar n.
- 49—Thumb actions
- 50—Lumbrical mm.
Proximal attachments:
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Innervation:
Median & ulnar nn.
Actions:
Flex MP joints
Extend interphalangeal joints (2-5)
- 51Interossei mm.Dorsal interossei mm. (4)
Palmar interossei mm. (3)
Dorsal Abduct (DAB)
Palmar Adduct (PAD)
Assist lumbricals
Innervation:
Ulnar n.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Biology Karteikarten am Upper Limb, erstellt von Matthew Mulligan am 11/10/2019.
- Erstellt von
- Matthew Mulligan
- Aufrufe
- 2
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