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- 1What is an atom?An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.
- 2What is a mixture?A mixture is two or more substances mixed together, not chemically bonded
- 3What is a compound?Two or more different atoms, chemically bonded
- 4What is an element?A substance made up of only one type of atom
- 5Do atoms have a charge?No, they have equal amounts of protons and electrons, meaning they have no charge and are neutral
- 6What does an atom consist of?Nucleus, that contains protons and neutrons,
Energy levels (shells) around the nucleus that have electrons on them - 7Do the sub-atomic particles have charge?Proton: relative mass- 1 relative charge- +1
Neutron: relative mass- 1 relative charge- 0
Electron: relative mass- 1/2000 relative charge- -1 - 8How do you work out how many sub-atomic particles are in an atom?Protons: atomic number
Neutrons: mass number - atomic number
Electrons: equal to protons (atomic number) - 9How are atoms represented?Mass number
Symbol
Atomic number - 10What is the atomic number and mass number?atomic number - number of protons
mass number - number of protons and neutrons - 11What determines what type of atom it is?number of protons
e.g all atoms with 6 protons are carbon atoms - 12What is a balanced equation?When the total mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction has equal mass on both sides of the equation
- 13Complete the word equation: potassium nitrate + lead nitrate -> lead iodine + __________Potassium nitrate
- 14What do these stae symbols mean? s l g aqs- solid
l- liquid
g- gas
aq- dissolved in water (aqueous) - 15What are some separating techniques?Chromatography, filtration, distillation and crystallisation
- 16What are the two types of distillation?simple distillation
fractional distillation - 17What does simple distillation do?It separates the solvent from the mixture or a pure liquid from a mixture.
It works when they have different boiling points. - 18What is the heating cooling process?heating - evaporating - cooling - condensing
- 19What is one example that can be separated using simple distillation?Sea water as the water will evaporate leaving salt and pure water.
- 20What does fractional distillation do?Seperates a liquid from a mixture (that could be two liquids)
Used when they have a boiling point in between 25 degrees - 21What is the heating cooling process?Vaporise - condense - vaporise - cool - condense
- 22What could be an example of fractional distillation?Ethanol and water as they have a close boiling point so ethanol can be evaporated but the water cant
- 23Explain what happens in fractional distillation using ethanol and waterThe ethanol will evaporate first as the temperature on the thermometer will be 80 degrees. The ethanol can fully evaporate and pass the glass beads but the water cant as although it will dissolve, it will condense more easily on the lower cooler glass beads as the temperature isn't 100 degrees. The product you will be left with is pure ethanol.
- 24What does filtration do?It is used to separate substances that are insoluble in a solvent from those that are soluble in the solvent
- 25What is an example of filtration?When you have a mixture of sand and water, the sand will be left in the filter paper and the water in the beaker as it can pass through the filter paper
- 26What is crystallisation?It is used to obtain a sample of pure salt from a salt solution.
- 27What is chromatography?it is used to separate and identify mixtures in a solution.
Involves a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
The solutes being separated need to be soluble. - 28What is paper chromatographyit is a way of separating and analysing mixtures
e.g felt tip pens - 29How do you set up the experiment for separating felt tips?On a bit of chromatography paper draw a line in pencil across the bottom and draw circles of the felt tips. Use a splint to hold up the paper just above the bottom of the beaker. Fill the beaker up with water so that the water fills up below the pen circles. Eventually the inks will separate.
- 30How long have we known about the atom?Since 460 - 370 bc
- 31What did Democritus do?He proposedthe atom theory which states that all small hard objects are all made up of smaller things.
- 32What did Antoine Lavoisier do?he created a list of 33 elements
- 33What did john dalton do?he composed that all matter was composed by atoms
- 34What was Daltons atom calledDaltons 'billiard ball'- model of atom 1807
(it was just a circle) - 35What did J.J thompson do?Proved that atoms could be divided into smaller parts
- 36What was his experiment?he noticed movement in a tube where the chathode rays moved from the hegative end to the positive end. when he held a negative metal plate near the ray, it was deflected away no matter what gas was in the tube. he realised the rays were negativele charged particles- electrons
- 37What is the plum pudding model?it was J.J Thompsons model of a positively charged ball with negatively charged electrons evenly distributed around the inside, like a plum pudding
- 38Why are cathode rays deflected from a negatively charged plate but move towards the positively charged plate?Because the cathode rays are negative meaning two negatives will deflect each other but positive and negative attract to each other
- 39What did Ernest Rutherford do?He performed the gold foil experiment
- 40What did Niels Bohr do?he developed a model of the atom and found out that electroms orbit the nucleus
- 41What did Erwin Schrodinger do?he used mathematical equations to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position
- 42What did James Chadwick do?he discovered the neutrons in atoms and how they are in the centre of an atom
found out they don't have a positive or negative charge - 43If an atom had more protons or elctrons, what would happen to the charge?more protons, more positive
more electrons, more negative - 44Why can you take or add electrons but not protons?because protons are in the nucleus
- 45What are isotopes?they have a neutral charge because they are not losing or gaining electrons or protons
They are atoms of the same element with different numbers or neutrons - 46Give an example of an isotope12 13 14
C C C
6 6 6 - 47What are ions?ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons
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- Year 9 Chemistry Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von rianna reeve am 14/01/2020.
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